US1431231A - Resistance unit - Google Patents

Description

I. G. HUMAN.

RESISTANCE UNIT.

APPLICATION FILED N0v.1, 1921.

l v Patented 0ct.10,11'92'2 IN VEN TR.

Patented Oct. 10, 1922.

UNITED; STATE-s.

g l1,431,231l

` JOHN e. HOMN, onsrnnisnnviniingoiii. i

l l RESISTANCE UNIT.

-ippiication sied November 1, 1921. serial 110.512,15?.

To all whom t may concern? Be it known that I, JOHN G. HOMAN, a

citizen of theUnited States, residing at y' Steubenville, in thev county of Jefferson, F .l v f g y eferring to Figs. 1 lto 3 inclusive of the State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in 'Resistance Units.` of which the following is a specification.' f

This'invention relates to any improvement in a resistance unit foruse in a rheostaty or circuits involving the use of a resistance element.

The primary objects of my'invention are to provide a resistance unit of novelconstruction which can be economically made and assembled., and which may be designed to have a relatively large radiating surfacey unit which issimpleA and iu .cged..1 and mayy be made"` very compact.l The unity may be made in various forms to conform to specified dimensiona' and affords flexibility 'of design Without changing tliefdimensions of the parts. y. y

In carrying out my invention, I propose to employ laminations of material having` a relatively Ahigh resistance element dis'- posed between lthe laminae. It may bein the forni of superimposed metal p-lateshaving'a resistancecoatingor film thereony'or it mayvcomprise series of plates offcon-'i dufting materialgliaving separate sheets of* substance of a comparatively highly electrical resistance nature therebetween.

' plates or laminas arein intimate Contact with the'resistance niaterialvin-'either con# struction,` and serves to `conduct the heat therefrom toy prov-ide a capacity for the heat and ay radiating surface.

show` somewhat diagrammatcauy imple embodiments of my invention: Y'

Fig. lshows a vertical section throughv oneforin offresis'tanceunit;

Fig.` 2Y shows a 'horizontalsection online II-II of Fig. l; 4

8 indicates ay plan viewof 'one of the plates or laminas;

Fig. Llis a view corresponding to Fig. l

of a modification;

Fig. 5 is a section on line V-V of Fig. 4:5

-on the outside of the unit.

1 fthe material.

`is offeredfat" the4 contactinglsurfaces and The . tions where Fig. 6 isa verticalsection throughaunit showing another modification; 1

Fig. `7 isa section on line VII-VII of drawings', AfA@ indicates clamping plates On the inner facesof the clamping plates insulating material 5. Clampedfbetween plates A-A and insulated therefromy by are sheets of Y insulation, `is a series of overlapping or' staggered plates or laminae 6. The plates 6 are preferably madeof metal and have a film or coating of highresistance material thereon. This `coating is preferablyv of a metallic oxide nature and may b'e a Anatural film which forms during the produ tion of i' the sheet metal platejffrom whichthe laminae areucut.' orvit may be applied to 'the cleanlineta'l surface'with a brush or spray,

a cleansheet metal plate( In practice. the

ing is formed during ythe manufacture of 'or it j'can be formed by chemical action on vlaminas are preferablyformed from metallic sheets upon whichv a `paper-likeA oxide coatv 'v f y A 'four' per ceiitffsiliconiron forms .suchan 'xidefdui'ingfthe Lprocess of 'A manufacturef i .y y

arek

`shown in Fig." l, only a relatively-'small areao'f the plate yis vinlcoiitac'twith thenext of each f latei` lrovides a heat radiating l) P e vadjacentplate, while the yrestfo'f the-area l' surface.` The resistance to Velectric`f`currents in the coating. sothat the greatest amount of oxide between the plates. The oxide" or 4 otherhigh resistance coati'ng'beingin, inti- "mate contact with 'the'laminae`, Lreally Vcoin-Y yprisingan integral partof they laminaafthe My invention rmaybe readily understood from the accompanying drawings. which'.`

lamin.` will receive the `fl'ieaft s or produced* and store itfor radiate it.:` This i'ifill'prevent overheating and `l`the uiiitis 'therefore a desirable one forV use 'starting' amo'tor l under a heavy. load, -or in ,other `applicaa heavy current is to be conj may vhave notches cut therein to fit around the insulated bolts to prevent displacement cf the laminae. I do not. however, liriit myself to these details of construction. The connecting terminals are designated at 9 and 10.

Instead of flat plates being used, as shown in Fig. 1, conical plates or lanrnze might be used. as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In these figures, B-B are conical clamping plates having insulation 11 on Athe inner faces thereof. Laminaaof relatively large diameter are designatedgby 12, and 13 are laminae of a relatively small diameter. Laminat'fons 12 and `13 are alternately arranged between plates B-B All of the laminations may be coated or otherwise provided. with a resistance material, as liereinbefore described or the laminee 13 only may be of high resistancematerial, 'while laminations 12, by reason of the'r greater area, provide heat storage and radiating means. Plates la-B may be clamped together by suitable means, as by bolts 14, having insulating sleeves 15 surrounding them. -In order to give compactness to the unit, each of the lamina; 12 may be notched to tit around the bolts. The terminals of the resistance unit are designated hy numerals 16 and 17 and are insulated from clamping plates B-B V Another modification is suggested in Figs. 6 and 7 in which C-C designate clamping plates having insulation 20 on their inner faces. Plates or laminations having a relatively large area are designated at 21, and 22 are laminations of a relatively small size. Laminations 21 and 22 are alternately arranged between plates C--C so that the larger plates 21 are spaced apart. Plates 22 may be composed of a relatively high resistance substance, or they may be conducting plates having a resistance coating, as hereinbefore described, as may also be the large plates 21. Plates C-C may be held together to clamp the laminations in position in any suitable way, as by lbolts 23 having an insulating sleeve thereabout. The laminations 21 .and 22 may be notched to engage the insulated sleeve around the bolts, if desired, to hold the plates in place, or the friction between the separate laminas may be relied upon. The terminals ofthe resistance unitare designated at 24 and 25.

The resistance of each unit may be changed when necessary by adding or subtracting plates or lamin, or, in the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, by adjusting the.

plates to varyv the overlapping areas of the laminations. In any of the constructions shown, the heat radiating laminae are in intimate contact with the resistance element, and they provide a considerable capacity for the heat generated in the resistance. I am, of course, aware that certain forms of contact resistances have heretofore been employed, and am also aware that rheostats having carbon, graphite, or other disks or plates are in use, in which the resistance is varied by varying the pressure of the disks or plates against one another, but I am not aware that resistance units comprising a lam'nated series of plates or other members, which may be of metal, carbon, graphite, or any other preferred material, having a high resistance element disposed between the laminas and with the laminae so arranged as to provide heat radiating surfaces, have heretofore been used. The units may be designed for rugged and heavy use, and are well adapted to stand up under such use. The laminee or plates themselves may be of a. more or less resistant nature, as desired. this depending on the material from waich'they are made.

@bviously, various changes may be made in the construction and design of the resistance unit within the contemplation of my invention and within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A resistance unit comprising a laminated structure, the laminae of which have overlapping areas, and a relatively high resistance substance in the form of a ilmv interposed between adjacent overlapping areas of the lamini, said lamina) providing a capacity for heat generated in the interposed relatively high resistance substance.

2. A resistance unit comprising a laminated structure composed of a series of members, each of which has a relatively large, exposed heat-radiating surface, and resistance film applied to overlapping surfaces of said members.

8. A resistance unit comprising a laminated structure, the laminae of which are of conducting material having overlapping contacting surfaces on which is a film of relatively high resistance material, some of said laminze having a relatively large surface area exposed for radiation of heat gcnerated in said high resistance material.

4. A resistance unit comprising a laminated structure, the lamina@ of which are formed of sheet metal having an oxide coating thereon, some of said laminasJ having a relatively large exposed surface area for the radiation of heat.

5. A'resistanceunit comprising a laminated structure,some of the laminae of which are of a conducting material. having a surface film of high resistance material through which the current passes from one laminae to the next.

In testimony whereof I affix mvcsignature.

JoHN e. Horam.

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