US1429612A

US1429612A - Mechanical movement

Info

Publication number: US1429612A
Application number: US399715A
Authority: US
Inventors: Muller Friederich
Original assignee: Pratt and Whitney Co Inc
Current assignee: Pratt and Whitney Co Inc
Priority date: 1919-03-31
Filing date: 1920-07-29
Publication date: 1922-09-19
Anticipated expiration: 1939-09-19
Also published as: US1429613A; US1429615A; US1429616A; US1443639A

Description

F. MLLER.

MECHANICAL MGVEMENT.

APPLICATxoN msu :ULY 29.1920.

1 ,429,6 l 2, Patented Sept. 19, 1922.

FIG. I Fm? P P /f l -5 f5' x wm F. MLLER.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 29. |920.

Patented Sept. 19, 1922.

3 SHEEIS-SHEET 2- NVENToR I w .e Q O o :d .ne

I. I .II II.- W 2. I 2:

F. MLLER.

MECHN|CAL MOVEMENT.

APPLICATION mio JuLv 29.1920.

Patented Sept. 19, 1922.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRIEDERICH MLLER, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR T0 PRATT WHIT- NEY COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A

CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

Driginal application led March 31, 1919, Serial No. 286,524. Divided and this application led July 29, 1920. Serial No. 399,715.

To all whom. t may concern:

Be it known that I, FRIEDRICH MLLER, acitizen of the United States residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanical Movements, of which the following is a specification.

In my copendin applications for metal cutting machines, erial No. 201,338, filed Nov. 10th, 1917, and Serial No. 286,524, filed March 31st, 1919, I have shown and described metal cutting machines particularly adapted for shaping and preferably relieving rotatable work, such as blanks for milling cutters. Certain features of the said machines are ada ted for use for other classes of Work and.) are novel when considered broadly as mechanical movements rather than more specifically as parts of metal cutting machines.- In the present application, which is a continuation in part of the first said application and which is a division of the second said application, I pre sent the said novel features of the said machines and claim them broadly as mechanical movements.

In accordance with the present invention, a tool (illustrated as a cutting tool) is movable with respect to a holder (illustrated as a work-holder mechanism) and certain improved devices are used for controllin the tool movement. Relative movement is e ected between the tool and the holder, and, as illustrated, the tool is moved. Preferably the tool is moved intermittentl rather than continuousl Y so that it successively assumes different re atively fixed positions. Relative separation or withdrawal takes place between the tool and the holder at intervals, and, as illustrated, t-he tool is withdrawn. Preferably the tool is withdrawn at the time of each movement. Also by preference mechanism such as a guide or former and a pin cooperating therewith is provided for controllin the successive positions of the tool. Re tive movements take place bebetween t e pin and the uide or former similar to those between te tool and the holder.

Mechanism is provided which is preferably independent of or supplemental to the Withdrawing mechanism for returning the tool and usually the pin to operative positions. This mechanism preferably serves 1:0 return the tool and pin slowl with a minimum pressure. It is also pre erred. to provide an improved locking means for holding the tool and usually the tions. This loc ing means is particu useful in combination with returning mechanism.

The general object of the invention is to provide a mechanical movement capable of controlling the relative movements and preferably the movements of the tool and the pin in the ways above outlined. Further and more specific objects will be apparent from the following specification and claims.

In the accompanying drawings the invention is illustrated as embodied in a metal cutting machine such as presented in In aforesaid a plication, Serial No. 286,524. t will be undarstood, however, that the metal cutting machine is shown and described merely for convenience` and that the invention is capable of being embodied in machines structurally different and adapted for different classes of work. The drawings, therefore, are not to be construed as defining or limiting the scope of the invention, the accompanying claims being relied upon for that purpose.

Of the drawings:

Figures 1 to 4 are diagrams illustrating the nessential characteristics of a mechanical movement embodying the invention.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary front view, partly in section, of a metal cutting machine including a mechanical movement embodying the invention. v

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary plan view of the machine shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken along the line 7 7 of Fig. 5.

Fig.' 8 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken along the line 8 8 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary vertical longitudinal sectional view taken along the line 9-9 arly 4of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary vertical longitudinal section taken along the line lO-lO of Fig. 7.

in in their operative osi! the independent In the diagrammatic Figs. l to 4 l have illustrated the essential irinciples of a mechanism eml'iodying the invention. ln these views, l represents a` guide, pattern or former having a shape or cont/our which is to bc followed. -P is a follower or pin which is adapted to engage the former and to follow the shape or contour thereof. Preferably there isprovided a. tool T which is adapted to be controlled by the former and pin, this tool preferably being connected with the pin to be bodily movable therewith. As illustrated, both the pin P and the tool T are mounted on a support S. When there is a tool suchras T there is also provided a carrier or holder which is adapted to hold the work to be operated upon by the tool. The tool T may be a cutting tool, but the invention is not so limited as the tool may be one adapted for scribing or otherwise acting upon the work.

In accordance with the invention, relative longitudinal movement is effected intermittently or at intervals between the former and the pin. Preferably the pin is moved with respect to the former though this is not essential. The former and .the pin are transversely separated at the time of each longitudinal movement. Preferably the pin is withdrawn fromthe former, the former remaining stationary, but it will be understood that this is not essential.V At the conclusion of each relative longitudinal movement the former and pin are restored to engagement, contact being effected at a new location on the former.

'hen a tool such as T is provided relative movements between the tool and the holder are effected which are similar to those be tween the pin and the former. lVhen the longitudinal and withdrawing movements are imparted to the pin and the former remains stationary similar movements are 1mparted to the tool and the holder remains stationary.

Fig. 1 illustrates the pin P in engagement with the former F and the tool T in operative relationship with the holder H. Fig. 2 illustrates the pin and the tool withdrawn reparatory to a longitudinal movement.

ig. 3 shows the pin and tool still withdrawn but moved longitudinally to a new position. Fig. Il shows the pin and the tool restored to operative positions, the pin contacting with the former at a new location on the contour and the tool having a corresponding new position with respect to the holder. 'It will be understood that the move ments as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 are considerably exaggerated and that in practice they would be much smaller in order that the successive positions of the in 'and tool along the respective contours might be very close together.

It will be seen that this construction makes it possible to follow a contour having portions thereof very steeply inclined. In earlier machines making use of a former and pin it has been customary to feed the pin longitudinally at a constant slow speed. The pin has been held in engagement withV the former by spring pressure or otherwise and the expectation has been that the pin would automatically follow the inclined parts of the contour, moving inward or outward in accordance therewith. Machines of this type have been successful to a limited extent but it has been impossible for them to follow a contour in which parts thereof were sharply inclined. lt isiclear that in a machine of the earlier type the pin P would fail to follow outward along a sharply in clined part of the .contour and would bind, thus resulting in the stopping or breaking of the Inachine. Even when the contour was not so'steep as to completely bindthe pin there was nevertheless a strong side pressure applied to the pin which tended to deflect or distort it, thus interfering with the accuracy of the operation. All of these difficulties are overcome in a machine con structed in accordance with my invention. The pin and the former and also the tool and the work are separated at the time of longitudinal movement and -thus longitudinal movement can take place freely without any hindrance. At the conclusion of longitudinal movement the pin is restored to en gagement with the former at a new transverse location corresponding to the new longitudinal location.

Figs. 5 to 10 of the drawings show a ma chine embodying the principles illustrated in 'Figs l to 4 and also having many additional features. ln these figures, 1 represents the main frame or bed upon which the other partsmf the mechanism are supported.

Mounted preferably in fixed position on the frame is a carrier or holder which is illustrated as being a work-holding means preferably adapted to permit the work or blank to rotate. As illustrateds the work or blank holder includes a headstock 2 and preferC ably also a tailstock 3. A tool holding and operating mechanism is provided as shown at 4. The tool is ordinarily associated with the holder as shown and when the holder is a work-holding means the tool is adapted to engage and usually act upon the work. In a machine such as illustrated the tool is adapted to cut the work to remove metal therefrom. Preferably the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3 are so arranged as to hold the blank against longitudinal movement? he tool mechanism 4 being moved longitudinally along the blank in the manner to be presently set forth. When the machine is so constructed. the headstock 2 is fixedly se cured to the bed, preferably being formed in part integrally therewith, as shown. The

tailstock 3 is adjustable along the bed Ito accommodate blanks or blank arbors of different lengths.

The headstock 2 is provided with a rotatable spindle 5 mounted in

bearings

6 and 7. Secured to the spindle is a collet chuck 8 which may be of any usual or preferred form and which is adapted to grip eitherr'the shank of the tool to be formed and relieved o r an arbor u on which the tool is mounted. As illustrate there is a blank A mounted upon anl arbor B, the arbor vbeing engaged by the chuck 8." For rotating the spindle 5 there is rovided adrive mechanism including a drivin member in the form of a worm wheel 9 mes ing with a worm (not shown) on a transverse rotatable shaft 11.

The tailstock 3 may be of any usual or preferred construction, and only a fragment thereof is shown in the drawings. It is ad justable alon ways 12 and 13 and can be secured in adjusted position b means of a suitable clamp notshown. he tailstock spindle is indicated at 16 and carries a center 17. The spindle can be moved longitudinally by means of a suitable screw. For clamping the sleeve in adjusted position there is provided a handle 20. As shown in Fig. 6, the center 17 is adjusted into engagement with the end of the arbor B.

The tool mechanism 4 includes a carriage 21 which is longitudinally movable along Ways 22 and 23 on the bed 1. Mounted for transversel movement with respect to the carriage 21 is a slide 24, this slide carrying the before mentioned tool. As already stated, a metal cutting tool is illustrated but itis to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the metal cutting art. W'hen a metal cutting tool is provided, such as shown at 25, it is referably very narrow, but if desired a wi er tool may be used.

A mechanism embodyin the invention is adapted for following any esired path which may be a straight line or which may be a predetermined contour differing from a straight line in any practical desired way. 'In the case of rotary work, as illustrated, the blank maybe cut with a uniform diameter or with a diameter varying uniformly from end to end or it may be cut with any predetermined contour differing from a straight line. The predetermined path is followe by properly controlling the longitudinal movements of the carriage 21 and the transverse movements of the slide 24. Preferably for regulating and controlling these movements I provide a former or guide and a suitable pin associated therewith, one carried in fixed position on the bed 1, and the other carried by the slide 24. It will be seen that I have thus provided two supports to which the guide and the pin respectively are normally fixedly secured and whereby their relative movements are limited to two directions at an angle (preferably a right angle)- to each other. As illustrated, there is provided a former 26 carried by the bed and a former pin 27 carried by the slide 24. The former 26 has exactly the same contour with which the blank is to be formed and the former in 27 has exactly the same shape as the cuttln tool 25. The pin is detachably secured to t e slide so that it can be removed and another pin be substituted corresponding to a tool differing in shape from the tool 2 5 which is shown. For supporting the former 26 there is provided a bracket 28 rigidly secured to the bed 1. In order to permit adjustment, the former 26 is secured to a slide 29 which is longitudinally movable along a suitable guidewa 3() on the bracket, a screw 31 being provide for eiecting longitudinal movement. The slide can be locked in adjusted positiony by means of

screws

32, 32 engaging a gib 33. To permit the ready attachment of the former, the slide 29 is provided with a T-slot 34 adapted to receive T-bolts 35 passing through the former. To further assist in holding the former in place and to prevent any possible free movement thereof, there is provided a hooked bolt 36 which, when tightened, serves to draw the former back against a suitable shoulder on the slide. In practice, a former 26 is selected having a contour corresponding with the predetermined path which the tool is to follow. As illustrated, this contour is that with which the blank A is to be formed. After the former has been selected it vis preferably adjusted longitudinally by means of the slide 29 until it bears the same relation to the former pin 27 that the blank A bears to the tool 25. As the carriage is moved longitudinally the slide 24 with the tool 25 is moved transversely so as to keep the former pin in engagement with the former.

Preferably, as illustrated, the tool is movable with respect to the slide 24 and for some classes of work such as the making of blanks for milling cutters it is necessary to automatically move the tool with respect to the slide 24 during the operation of the machine. In the making of milling cutters the tool is regularly moved in such a way as to properly relieve the several teeth on the blank. Mounted on the slide 24 is a slide 37 which is transversel movable along a suitable guideway. arried in part by the slide 24 is a mechanism for effecting regular*` reciprocating relieving movements of the slide 37 and the tool in suitable timed relation with the rotative movement of the blank. In order that the tool may be adjusted for blanks of different sizes, there is provided a tool-carrying slide 38 transversely movaoie on the slide 37. For moving the slide 38 there is provided a screw 39 rotatable by means of a hand wheel 40. The slide 38 is provided with a transverse T-slot 4l and a tool post 42 is lield in place by means of T-bolts 43 entering the slot. The tool post has a toolreeeiving aperture provided with a horizontal top wall 44 exactly at the level of the axis of the blank. The tool 25 is put in place with its top surface engaging the horizontal wall 44 of the tool post and is held in this position by means of a wedge 45.

lt will be observed that with the construction described the tool is maintained in parallelism as it moves longitudinally for feeding or inward and outward to follow the contour.

The relieving mechanism for moving the slide 37 together with the tool S25 includes a rotatable relieving cam 46 which is mounted on the slide 24 so as to be bodily movable therewith. As shown, the cam is mounted on a longitudinal rotatable shaft 47 mounted in bearings 48 and 49 on a bracket 5U depending at the front of the slide 24. A lever 51 is pivoted between its ends on the slide 24 and at its lower end is provided with a roller engaging the cam 46. The upper end of the lever engages an abutment 52 on the slide 37. A coil spring 53 is interposed between the slide 37 and the slide 24, this spring tending to press the slide 37 forward, thus holding the abutment 52 in firm Contact with the upper end of the lever 5l. It will be seen that when the cam 46 is rotated the lever 51 will be oscillated, thus iving a recipro cating movement to the sli e 37 and to the tool 25. The shape of the cam 46 is such that the slide 37 is moved forward rela tively slowl f at a uniform rate so that the tool may el ect a relieving cut, and is then drawn back relatively rapidly so as to withdraw the tool and position it for another cut.

As before stated, the cam 46 is driven in timed relation with the blank rotation. For rotating the cam, l make use of the aforesaid transverse shaft 11. Positioned immediately below the shaft 1l is a shaft 54 which 1s mounted partly in the main frame and partly in a bracket. 55 secured thereto. For connecting the two shafts 11 and 54 there is provided a gear 56 on the shaft 11, a gear 57 on the shaft 54 and an idler gear 58 meshing with the two gears 56 and 57. The idler gear is mounted on a bearing stud 59 carried b f an ad'ustable slotted arm 60. The Spee ratio etween the two shafts 11 and 54 can be changed by removing one or both of the gears 56 and 57 and substituting other gears of different dianters, it being clear that the idler ear 58 can be adjusted to mesh with such differently diametered gears. Mounted in the said bracket 55 is a vertical shaft and this shaft is driven from the shaft 54 by means of bevel rearing 63. By means of bevel gearing 64 t le shaft, which is operated by the gearing 63, serves to drive a longitudinal splined shaft 65. This shaft is supported partly in a bearing 66 secured to the bed and partly in bearings 67 in a depending bracket 68 secured to the carriage 2l.

Mounted on the shaft between the bearings 67 and splined to the shaft, is a worm 69. This worm meshes with a worm wheel 7() which is connected with a transverse shaft 71. The worin wheel and the shaft are rotatably mounted in a bearing 72 formed in the bracket 68, and in a bearing 73 4formed on a supplemental bracket 74 secured to the bracket 68. Slidably mounted on the shaft 7l is a bevel gear` 75, and this gear is engaged by a bearing 76 on the aforesaid bracket 50 depending from the front end of the slide Q4. The bevel gear 75 meshes with a bevel gear 77 on the shaft 47. The bevel gear 75 and tha shaft 71 are splined or otherwise suitably constructed so that the bevel gear is rotated7 but is at the same time free to nieve transversely of the machine when the slide 24 is moved. inasmuch as the bevel gears 75 and 77 are both supported by the bracket 50, they are at all times held in mesh. It will be seen that with this construction power is transmitted from the shaft 1l, through the several parts that have been described, to the shaft 65, and is transmitted from the shaft 65 to the shaft 47 and the cam 46, the connection between the shaft 65 and the shaft 47 being such that free transverse movement of the cam and associated parts is permitted. The cam 46 is given one complete rotation for each tooth of the blank. The machine can be adjusted for blanks with different` numbers of teeth by changing the gears 56 and 57 as already explained.

fhe machine illustrated is adapted for relieving blanks with helical teeth. This feature of the machine constitutes no part of the present invention but it will be briefly described in order to give a complete understanding of the mechanism. In order that blanks with helical teeth ma be properly relieved, it is necessary to eflct the relieving movements of the tool in peculiar relation to the rotative movement of the blank so that the relief ma be in conformity with the helical teeth. I lave stated that the relieving movements of the tool are effected in timed relation to the rotative movement of the blank; and, for any given position of the carriage, this timed relation is fixed and definite but when the carriage is moved te bring the tool into a new cutting position, it is necessary to vary the relation between the relieving movements of the tool and the rotative movement of the blank.

.In the construction illustrated, the worm 9 is not connected directly with the spindle 5 but is connected indirectly byimeans of suitable gearin 78 which can be supplement-all move to change the spindle rotat1on y preference, this gearing is bodily rotatable and includes a rack and pinion, the rack bein longitudinally slidable in .accordance witg the longitudinal movements of the carriage 21. Coaxially mounted with the spindle 5 is a sleeve 79, this being supported inbearings 80 and 81 in the ,headstock. The inner end of the sleeve preferably extends into and has a bearing in the outer end of the spindle. The aforesaid worm 9 is rigidly secured to the sleeve 79.

Associated with the spindle is a frame 82 which is recessed to receive the outer end of the spindle and engage the outer surface thereof. Slidably mounted in the sleeve 79 is a shaft 83 having rack teeth formed thereon at 84. The shaft 83 is splined to the sleeve 79 so as to be rotatable therewith. Rotatably mounted in bearings in the frame 82 is a transverse shaft 85 provided with teeth 86 which meshes with the rack teeth 84. Also rotatably mounted in the frame 82 is a transverse shaft 87. The two shafts 85 and 87 are connected by spur gears 88 and 89., Also rotatably mounted in the frame 82 is a third rotatable shaft 90, to which is secured a worm 91. This worm meshes with Worm teeth 92 formed in-the periphery of the spindle 5 near the end thereof. At the side of the bracket 82 opposite from the gears 88 and .89 there is provided gearing (not shown) for connecting the shafts 87 and 90.

Carried by the shaft 83 at the outer end thereof is anannularly grooved collar 100. Rigidly secured to the main frame adjacent the shaft 83 is a longitudinal guide stud 101. Slidably mounted on the stud 101 is a bracket 102 having a form 103 entering the groove in the collar 100. The bracket 102 is apertured to receive a longitudinal rod 104, which is connected at its right-hand end with thecarriage 21. The bracket 102 can be clamped to the rod 104 in any desired relative position.

It will be seen that when the carriage 21 is moved longitudinally along the be the rod 104, together with the bracket 102, will be moved at the same time and to the same extent. By reason of the enga ment of the 'fork 103 with the collar 100 t e shaft 83 is slmilarl moved, thus moving the rack teeth 84. en the rack slides longitudinally the pinion 86 is turned and this serves, by means of the gearin and the several shafts that have been described, to turn the Worm 91. The r-tative movement of the Worm 91 serves to turn the spindle 5 relatively to the frame 82 and the spindle 79. It will be understood, as before stated, that the entire 'carried thereby.

gearing 78 rotates bodily with the spindle .9- It will therefore be clear that the relative movement of the spindle with respect to the sleeve simplyserves to either increase or decrease the spindle rotation to a certain extent. However, the relative movement of the splndle is determined by the longitudinal movement of the rack 84, which in turn is determined by the longitudinal'movement of the carriage 21 and of the cutting tool 25 yInasmuch as the relieving cam reciprocates the tool with a frequency which is normally uniform, and inasmuch as the spindle and the blank are given a changed rotation which is in exact proportion to the longitudinal movement of the carriage and the tool, it is clear that the relieving movement-s are effected in such relation to the blank as tobe in conformity with helical teeth.

For moving the carriage longitudinally along the bed there is provided a screw 107 which engages a nut 108 carried by a bracket 109 depending from the carriage. The screw is supported at its left-hand end in a bearing 110 f ormed in a bracket 111 secured to the bed. Mounted in the bracket 111 is a transverse shaft 112 which is connected with the screw 107 by means of bevel gearing 113. At the front end of the shaft 112 is a hand,l wheel 114 by means of which the screw may be turned manually to move the carriage. In order that the carriage may be moved automatically to feed the tool from one cutting position to another, a suitable mechanism is provided. This mechanism is ada ted to feed the carriage intermittently. lounted in the bracket 111 is a transverse bearing pin 115 upon which is mounted a gear 117 which meshes with a gear 118 on the shaft 112. Connected with this gear 117 is a ratchet Wheel 119. Loosely mounted on the hub of the ratchet wheel is a swinging arm 123. Pivotally connected with this arm near the lower end thereof is a link 124 which is adjustably connected at its left-hand end with an oscillating crank arm 125. The crank arm is secured to a transverse rock shaft 126 which carries at its rear end a lever 128. Carried by the lever at the upper end thereof is a roller positioned to be engaged by a cam 130 on a longitudinal rotatable shaft .131. Mounted on the swinging arm 123 is a ratchet 133 adapted to e'ngage the ratchet wheel 119. The shaft 131 is rotated in the manner to be presently described, and 1t will be seen that at each rotation thereof the arm 128 and the crank arm 125 are oscillated. By means of the link 124 the oscillation of the crank arm 125 1s transmitted to the plate 123, the extent of oscillation of the plate being adjustable changing the connection between the l1 and the crank arm. By means ofthe contact therewith. `maintained in contact with the former at ratchet 133 the ratchet wheel 119 is turned through a small angle, thus turning the shaft 112 and the lead screw 107 and moving the carriage.

Although constituting 11o part of the present invention the machine irclerably includes two alternately' operable mechanisms, one for turning the spindle and reciprocating the tool for eiectin f relief, and the other for feeding the tool. hese mecl'nanisms are not herein shown or described in detail. lt is desirable to feed the tool longitudinally while out of engagement with the blank, that is, when the tool is opposite the groove between two teeth of the blank. The blank is turned through a )proximately one revolution and is preferably mounted in the spindle so that at the position of stopping the tool will be opposite a groove. Ilhe grooves are helical but the spindle and the blank are supplementally turned at each longitudinal movement, this supplemental turning exactly compensating for the inclina tion of the grooves and insuring the stopping of the blank with a groove opposite the tool.

`Preferably the tool is withdrawn at the time of each longitudinal movement, the former pin also being withdrawn from engagement with the former. This withdrawal is eil'ected by mechanism operated by the shaft 131, which operates intermittently, the withdrawal being properly timed with respect to the feeding movement. Associated with the slide 24 is an abutment 180 which is engaged by the upper end of a lever 181 longitudinally pivoted to the carriage 21. The lower end of the lever is provided with a roller which is adapted to be engaged by a cam plate 182 on a cam disk 183 secured to the shaft 131. At the beginning of the rotation of the shaft 131 the cam plate 182 engages the roller on the lever 181 and swings it in the counter-clockwise direction, thus moving the abutment 180 toether with the slide 24 toward the front. n this way'the tool 25 is withdrawn from the blank and the former pin 27 is withdrawn from the former 26. As the shaft 131 continues to rotate, the cam 130 operates the feeding mechanism in the way already described, and the carriage is moved longitudinally along the bed. After that the cam plate 182 permits the lever 181 to return to the position shown, and the slide 24 moves rearward permitting the tool 25 and the former pin 27 to move to their operative positions. It will be seen! that by thus withdrawing the. former pin from the former at the time of longitudinal movement I alla@ any dculties imident te forcing the former pin alon f the former pin were all times difficulty would be experienced in the former while in,

effecting the longitudinal movement, particularly at places where the contour of the former is sharply inclined. For stee) inclines such as herein illustrated, it would be im )ossible to thus move the former pin.

referably the former pin is restored to engagement with the former by a relatively slow movement with a minimum of pressure so that there will be no tendency to ben or distort the )in or to secure uneven con tact between tie pin and the former. For this purpose I provide a mechanism for returnm the carriage which is entirely indepen ent in its operation from the mechanism for withdrawing it. The before mentioned abutment 18() is not connected di rectly to the slide 24 but is connected to a second slide 184 which is transversel movable independently of the first slide 24. Springs 185 are interposed between the slide 184 and the carria e 21 and these springs tend to move the s ide 184 rearward, thus holding the abutment 18() at all times in ena ment with the lever 181.

`he two slides 24 and 184 are ordinarily connected b a lock. As shown most clearly in Fig. 9, t ie lock includes a plate 186 located in a recess in the top of the slide 24. The plate is provided with a boss which pro jects downward through a slot in the s ide, and threaded into this bossis a vertical stud 187. This stud extends through and closely fits an aperture in the slide 184. Pivoted to the slide 184 are two small bell-crank levers 188, these levers havin horizontal upper arms which en age a co lar on the stud 187. The lower en s of the levers are adapted to be engaged by a tapered cam bushing 189 vertically' movable on the stud. rhen the bushing 189 is in its lower position, as shown, the levers 188 are forced outward, thus drawing the stud 187 downward and forcing the plate 186 into clamping engagement' with the slide 24. In this way the slide 24 is firmly connected with the slide 184. `When the bushing 189 is in its raised posi tion, the levers 188 swing inward, thus permittin the stud 187 to move upward and release t e plate 186 from its clamping engagement with the slide 24. For movin the bushing 189 there is provided a fork lever 190 having pro'ections engaging slots or notches in the bus ing. This lever is secured to a longitudinal rock shaft 191 mounted in bearings in the carriage 21. Connected with the lever 190 is a lever 192 having a roller which is adapted to be engaged by

cam plates

193 and 194 secured to a cam disk 195 mounted on the shaft 131. It will be seen that as the shaft 131 rotates, the cam plate 193 ae the roller on the lever 192, thus moving t e lever 190 and the cam bushing 189 upward and releasing the lock. Subsequently the roller is engaged by the cam plate 194, thus movi-ng the cam lliuliing 189 downward and re-engaging the I have already stated that a supplemental mechanism is provided for returning the slide after it has been withdrawn in the way before described. Preferably, in order that this supplemental returning mechanism may operate without being affected in any wa by the return movement ofthe slide' 184, and in order further that the-slide 24 ma be returned with a minimum of effort, l provide a supplemental means for supporting the slide 24 after it has been unlocked from the slide 184. As illustrated, the carriagle. 21 is provided near its front and rear wit transverse pivot pins 196 and 197. The carriage is slotted adJacent the pins, and in these slots are positioned

arms

198 and 199 respectively pivoted on the said pins. The arms are respectively provided with rollers `200 and 201 which are adapted to engage the bottom of the slide 24. The arms are connected by pivoted links 202, and these links in turn are connected by a transverse yoke-203. The yoke 203 is provided with slots -or notches in which fit pivot bosses projecting upward from the lever 190. The result is that when the lever 190 is swung upward to release the lock, the arms'198 and 199 are swung in a clockwise direction, thus swinging the

rollers

200 and 201 upward so as to lift the slide 24 olf from the slide-184 and support it independently. The actual raising of the slide may be but a few thousandths of an inch. VF or returning the slide 24 rearward as soon as it has been released by the lock and elevated by the rollers, there are provided coil sprin 205. Preferably these springs are located 1n long transverse c lindrical apertures 206 in the slide 24. he springs abut at their rear ends against plugs 207threaded into the apertures, and at their front ends abut against heads 208 on transverse rods 209. The rods 209 extend through central openings in the'plugs 207 and are connected at their rear ends with brackets 210 on the carriage 21. Preferably the heads 208 are in the form of pistons and the forward parts ofthe apertures 206 constitute cylinders 211 in which the pistons 208 ft and move. Secured to the slide 24 is a casting 212 having a transverse passageway which communicates at its ends with the cylinders 211. Alsol formed in the casting 212 is a fluid reservoir 214. Leading from the passageway 213 into the reservoir 214 is a restricted aperture 215 which -is preferably controlled by an adjustable needle valve 216. Leading from the reservoir 214 back to the passageway 213 is an automatic. check valve 217. The cylinders 211 together with the passageway 213 and a part of the reservoir 214 are filled with a suitable fluid, which is preferably a liquid such as oil. It will be seen that as soon as the slide 21 has been elevated and released from the slide 184, the springs 206 tend to move it rearward. This tendency, however, is resisted by the en agement of the pistons 208 with the liquid in the c linders. This engagement forces the liquiflout of the cylinders into the passageway 213 and thence into the reservoir 214 through the restricted aperture 215. The liquid can pass through this aperture only re atively slowl and thus the return movement of the sli e is made to take place very slowly. When the slide is moved quickly forward at the time of next feeding, the check valve 217 opens to permit the liquid to flow from the reservoir 14 back to the passageway 213 and the cylinders 211. The slow return movement causes the former pin to engage the former gently and with a minimum force, so that there is little or no tendency to bend or deflect the parts. In this way I avoid any excessive or variable deflection or distortion such as would affect the contour of the cutter.

It will be noted that the

several cams

130, 182, 193 and 194 are so positioned in relation to each other that-the operations which they respectively control take place in the following order. First the two

slides

184 and 24 are moved backward in unison, they being stillllocked together. Then the slide 24 is unlocked from the slide 184 and is at the same time elevated on the

rollers

200 and 201. At or about the same time-the carriage is moved longitudinally to feed the tool to a new cutting position. Then the slide 184 is permitted to return to its normal position.

In the meantime the slide 24 is being moved slowly rearward under the control of the springs 205 and the fluid regulating mechanism. After the completion of the return movement of the slide 24, the rollers 200 and 2,01 are lowered and the slide is again locked to the slide 184.

It is believed that the general operation of the mechanism will be clear from the foregoing description and that a very brief summary will suflice. A former or guide 26 is selected having the desired contour and when a piece is to be cut or otherwise acted upon it is put in place on the carrier. In the case of a blank for a milling cutter, such as illustrated, the blank is mounted on the centers having `been previously grooved and roughed out in any usual or preferred manner. If the blank has helical teeth the gearing 78 is adjusted in accordance with the degree of inclination of the teeth and the gearing with t e number of teeth. The tool is adjusted transversely and longitudinally into engagement with the blank at the righthand end thereof. Then the machine is started, the spindle 79 and the operating shaft 131 operating alternately in succession.

During the rotative movement of the blank, relievin movements of' the tool are ell'ected as descr! ed.l thus cuttingthedesired relief on the teeth of the blank. Aft/er one complete revolution of the blank the rotative movement of the spindle is stopped and also the relieving movements of the tool. The cal riagc is then fed longitudinallj'f toward the left, thc blank turning slightly7 in conformA ity with the helical teeth. Just prior to the longitudinal movement the tool slide is with-- drawn, thus withdrawing the tool from the blanli and the former pin from the former. After the longitudinal movement, the tool slide is moved slowly in the opposite direc tion, thus gently returning the former pin to the former which is engaged at a new position. The tool assumes a corresponding position with respect to the blank. After this movement of the tool and former pin the blank is again rotated through one revolution and these movements are repeated alternately in succession until the blank is completely formed. It will be seen that with the step-hystep movements described and with a fine feed the former pin can follow or climb a veri sharply inclined portion of the contour of the former. the tool being caused to cut a similarly inclined part of the contour of the cutter.

The method of: making milling cutters which is herein disclosedt though not claimed, is set forth in my copending application for methods of making milling cutters, Serial No. 326,875. filed Sept. 27, 1919. as a division of my said application Serial No. 286,524. A cutter made in accordance with the said method is set forth in my eopending application for milling cutters. Sen rial No. 368,928, filed March 26, 1920.

What I claim is:

1. In a mechanical movement, the combination of' a movable tool, a screw for moving the tool, two ratchet wheels, diii'erently speeded power connections between the respective ratchet wheels and the screw, and

two oscillating ratchets adapted respectively to engage the ratchet wheels, whereby the tool may be moved intermittently through either of two distances.

2. In a, mechanical movement, the combination of a movabletool, a screw for moving the tool, two ratchet wheels, differently speeded power connections between the respective ratchet wheels and the screw, an oscillating ratchet arm, and two ratchets both carried by the said arm and adapted respectivfely to engage the ratchet wheels,

whereb the tool may be moved intermittentlv t rough either of two distances.

3. `n a 4mechanical movement, the combination of a movable tool, a screw for movp ing the tool, two ratchet wheels, differently speeded power connections between the re spective ratchet wheels and the screw, an

oscillating ratchet arm, two ratclicts both carried by the said arm and adapted respectively to en age the ratchet wheels, whereby thc too may be moved intermittently through either of two distances` and means for adjusting the amount of move nient of the arm to change the said distances of' intermittent movement.

4. The combination of a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a former pin adapted to engage the former` and automatic means for effecting at inter vals relative movements between the pin and the former to successive fixed relative engaging positions.

5. The combination of a guide. a pin adapted to engage the guide1 two supports to which the guide and the pin respectively are normally fixedly secured and whereby their relative movements are limited to two directions at an angle to each other. and automatic means for effecting relative in termittent movements between the supports in one of the said directions.

G. The combination of a tool, a holder, a guide, a pin adapted to engage the guide.4 and automatic means for effecting at intervals relative movements between thc tool and holder and between the pin and guide to successive relatively fixed positions. which positions are determined in part by the en gagement of the pin with the guide.

7. The combination of a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, two supports to which the former and pin respectively are normally fixedly secured and whereby their relative movements are limitcd to two directions at an angle to each other, a tool carried by one of the supports, and automatic means for effecting relative intermittent movements between the supports in one of the said directions.

8. The combination of a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a former pin adapted to engage the former., a tool, automatic means for intermittently moving the pin and tool in unison to suc cessive fixed positions. which positions are determined in part by the engagement of the pin with the former, and means for changing the position of the tool with respect to that of the pin.

9. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder. means for effecting relative movement between the tool and the holder along a predetermined path differing from a straight line, and automatic means for eflectin at intervals relative perpendicular with rawal between the toolh and the holder away from the said 10. A mechanicalmovement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, means for moving the tool with respect to the holder 11. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, means for moving the tool along a predetermined path differing from a strai ht line, and automatic means for perpendicularly withdrawing the tool from the said path at intervals.

12. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a guide, a pin ada ted to'engage the guide, means for effecting relative movement between the pin and the guide in a direction generally longitudinal of the latter, and lautomatic means for separating p the pinand the guide at intervals.

13. VA mechanical movement comprising in combination, a guide, a pin 'adapted toengage the guide, two supports to which the guide and the pin respectively are normally fixedly secured and whereby their relative movements are limited to two directions at anan'gle to each other, means for effecting relative movement between the supports in one of the said directions, and automatic means for effecting relative withdrawal of one support with respect to the other at intervals.

14. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, means for effecting relative movement between the pin and the former in a direction generally longitudinal of the latter, and automatic means for separating the pin and the former at intervals.

15. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a. pin adapted to engage the former, means for moving the pin along the former, and automatic means for separating the pin and the former at intervals.

16. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, means for effecting relative movement between the in and the former in a direction generally ongitudinal of the latter, and automatic means for withdrawing the pin from the former at intervals.

17. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former. means for moving the pin along the former, and automatic means for wlthdrawing the pin from the former at intervas.

18. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder7 a guide, a pin adapted to engage the guide. means for effecting relative movement between the wel and holder and between the pin and I guide along a path determined by the engagement of the pin with the uide, and

automatic means for separating t e tool and of the supports,means for effecting re ative movement between the supports in one. of the said directions, and automatic means for effecting relative withdrawal of one support with respect to the other at intervals.

20. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, means for effecting relative movement between the tool and the holder and between the pin and the former along a path deter mined by the engagement of the pin with the former, and automatic means for effecting a relative withdrawal between the tool and the holder and between the pin and the former at intervals. v

21. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, a former having a contour differing ;frorm astxaight line, a in adaptedto engage the former, means or intermittently moving the tool and pin along a path determined by the engagement of the pin with the former, and automatic means for effecting a relative withdrawal between the tool and the holder and between the pin andthe former at intervals.

22. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, means for effecting relative movement between the tool and the holder and between the pin and the former alo a path determined by the engagement o the pin with the former, and automatic means for withdrawing the pin from the former and for correspondingly withdrawing the tool 'at intervals.

23. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to' engage the former, means for moving the tool and pin along a path determined by the engagement of the fpin with the former. and automatic means or withdrawing the in the termi' and for corresponding y withdrawing the tool at intervals.

24. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a former having a bination of a tool, a holder, automatic means .a predetermined path, the

contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, means or movin)r the tool and pin along a path determinedA by the engagement of the pin with the former, automatic means for Withdrawing the pin from the former and for correspondingly withdrawing the tool at intervals, and means for changing the position of the tool with respect to that of the pin.

25. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a tool, a holder, automatic means for effecting at intervals relative bodily movements between the tool and the holder to successive relatively fixed positions alon a predetermined path, and means for e fecting relative withdrawal ,between the tool and the holder away from the said path at the time of each movement.

2G. In a mechanical movement, the coinbination of a tool, a holder, automatic means for eiiectina at intervals relative bodily movements Eetween the tool and the holder to successive relatively fixed positions along rejections oi said positions on a straight line extending in a predetermined direction being uniformly spaced, and means for elfecting relative withdrawal between the tool and the holder away from the said path at the time of each movement.

27. In a mechanical movement, the coni-- bination of a tool, a holder, automatic means for intermittently moving the tool to siiccessive fixed positions along a predeter mined path, and means for ede/:ting relative withdrawal between the tool and the holder away kfrom the said path at the time of each movement.

28. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a tool, a holder, automatic means for intermittently movin the tool to successive fixed positions 'a ong a predetermined path, the projections of said positions on a straight. line extendin in a predetermined direction being uniformly spaced, and means for effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and the holder away from the said path at the time of each movement.

29. In a mechanical movement, the comfor e'iecting at intervals relative bodily movements between the tool and the holder to successive relatively fixed positions along a predetermined path, and means for withdrawin the tool away from the said path at the time of each movement.

30. In a mechanical movement, the combination nf a. tool7 automatic means for intermittently moving the tool to successive fixed positions along a predetermined path and means for withdrawing the tool away from the said path at the time of each movement.

31. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, automatic means for ellecting at intervals relative bodily movements between the tool and the holder to successive relatively fixed positions along a predetermined path diiiering from a straight line, and means for effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and the holder away from the said path at the time of each movement.

32. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, automatic means for intermittently moving the tool to successive fixed positions along a predetermined path ditlerin from a straight line, and means for el'ecting relative withdrawal between the tool and the holder away from the said path at the time of each movement.

33. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a toolfaiitomatic means for intermittently moving the tool to successive fixed positions along a redetermined path differing from a straig it line, and means for withdrawing the tool away from the said path at the time of each movement.

34. A mechanical movement com rising in combination, a guide, a pin adapte to engage the guide, automatic means for el'ecting at intervals relative movements between the pin and the guide to successive relative engaging positions, and means for separating t e pin and the guide at the time of each movement.

35. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a guide, a pin adapted to engage the uide, two supports to which the guide an the pin respectively are normally {ixedly secured and whereby their relative movements are limited to two directions at an angle to each other, automatic means for effecting relative intermittent movements between the supports in one of the said directions, and means for effecting relative withdrawal of one support with respect to the other at the time of each intermittent movement.

36. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former having a contour dii'ering from a straight line, a pin adapted i to engage the former, automatic means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the pin and the former to -successive relative engaging positions, and means for separating the pin and the former at the time of each movement. g

37. A mechanical movement co prising in combination, a former having contour differing from a straight line, a pig adapted to engage the former, automatic e'ans for intermittently moving the pin to eccessive fixed positions alon the former, aiiid means forfseparating the pin and the for er at the time of each movement. 5

38. A mechanical movement coiijprising in combination, a former having a" `ontour differing from a straight line, a pin'adapted ica to engage the former, automatic means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the pin and the former to successive relative engaging positions, and means for withdrawing the pin from the former at the time of each movement.

39. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former having a contour 'tively fixed positions, which positions are determined in part by the engagement of the pin with the guide, and means for separating the tool and holder and for separating the pin and the guide at the time of each movement.

41. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a guide, a pin adapted to engage the guide, two supports to which the guide and pin respectively are normally ixedly secured and whereby their relative movements are limited to two directions at an angle to each other, a tool carried by one of the supports, automatic means for effecting relative intermittent movements between the supports in one of the said directions, and means for effecting relative withdrawal of one support with respect to the other at the time of each intermittent movement.

42. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a automatic means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder and between the pin and the former to successive positions which are determined in part bythe engagement of the pin with the former, and means for effecting a relative Withdrawal between the tool and the holder and between the pinand the former at the time of each movement.

43. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, a former having a contour differing from astraight line, a pin adapted to engage the former. automatic means for intermittently moving the tool and pin to successive fixed positions which are determined in part by the engagement of the pin withthe former, and means for effecting a relative withdrawal i between the tool and the holder and between the pin and the former at the time y of each movement.

in adapted to engage the former,

44. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a holder, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, automatic means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder and between the pin and the former to successive positions which are determined in part by the engagement of the pin with the former, and means for withdrawing the pin from the former and for correspondingly withdrawing the tool at the time of each movement.

45. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former, automatic means for intermittently moving the tool and pin to successive fixed positions` means for withdrawing the pin from the former and for correspondingly withdrawing the tool at the time 0f each movement, and

lmeans for changing the position of the tool with respect to that of the pin.

46. A mechanical movement comprising incombination, a tool, a former having a contour differing from a straight line, a pin adapted to engage the former. automatic means for intermittently movingl the tool and pin to successive fixed positions. means for withdrawing the pin from the former and for correspondingly withdrawing the tool at the time 93E each movement, and automatically acting mechanism for re larl moving the tool relatively to the pin 1n a d1- rection at an angle to the direction of the intermittent movements.

47. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, means for moving the tool toward its operative position, and means supplemental to the last said means for retarding the said movement of the tool.

48. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, means for 110 moving the tool toward its operative position, and fluid controlled means supplemental to the last said means for retarding the said movement of the tool.

49. The combination of a tool movable to 115 or from an operative position, means for moving the tool toward its operative position, and means for retarding the said movement of the tool including a cylinder and a piston therein, the said cylinder havin 120 valved apertures associated therewith and permitting the rapid flow of fluid when the tool is moved away from the said positionV and restricting the How of fiuid when the tool is moved toward the said position.

50. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position.` means for moving the tool toward its operative position, means for retarding the said movement of the tool including a cylinder and a piston 130 therein, and a Huid reservoir associated with the cylinder, two valved apertures being provided between the cylinder and the reservoir to permit the rapid How of Huid when the tool is moved away from the said position and to restrict the flow of fluid when the tool is moved toward the said position.

51. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, means for moving the tool toward its operative position, means for retarding the said movement of the tool including two cylinders and two pistons in the respective cylinders, and a fluid reservoir associated with the cylinders, two valved apertures being provided between the two c linders and the reservoir to permit the rapi tlow of fluid when the tool is moved away from the said position and to restrict the flow of Huid when the tool is moved toward the said position.

52. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, means for retarding the movement of the tool toward the said position including a cylinder and a piston' therein, a piston rod connecting the piston with the tool, and a spring surroundln the rod and serving to move the tool towar the said position.

- 53. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, means for retarding the movement of the tool toward the said position including two cylinders and two pistons in the respective cylinders, piston rods connecting the respective pistons with the tool, and springs surrounding the respective rods and serving to move the tool toward the said position.

'54. The combination of a movable slide, a guideway for the slide, and means for vertically separating the slide and guideway by a relative movement thereof.

55. The combination offa movable slide, a guideway for the slide, and means for vertically moving the slide out of contact with the guideway.

56. The combination of a movable slide, a guideway for the slide, and rollers adapted to engage the slide to move it vertically out of contact with the guideway.

57. The combination of a movable slide, a guideway for the slide, rollers adapted to engage the slide to elevate it out of contact with the guideway, and parallel motion links controlling the rollers.

58. The combination of a movable slide, a guideway for the slide, means for movin the slide, means supplemental to the last sai means for retarding the said movement of the slide, and means for vertically separating the slide and guideway.

59. The combination of a tool movale to or from a xed operative position, automatic means for rapidly withdrawing the tool from the said position, and automatic means for slowly returning the tool toward the said position after each withdrawal.

60. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, automatic means for withdrawing the tool from the said position, and means supplemental to the last said means and acting independently thereof for returning the tool toward the said position after each withdrawal.

61. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, automatic means for withdrawing the tool from the,

said position, means for returning the tool toward the said position after each withdrawal, and means supplemental to the withdrawing means for retarding the movement of the tool toward the said position.

62. The combination of a tool movable to or from an operative position, automatic means for withdrawing the tool from the said position, means for returning the tool toward the said position after each withdrawal, and means supplemental to the withdrawing means and acting independently thereof for retarding the movement of the tool toward the said position.

63. The combination of a, movable slide, a guideway for the slide, automatic means for moving the slide from a predetermined position, means for returning the slide to the said position after each withdrawal, and means associated with the withdrawing means for vertically separating the slide and guideway.

64. The combination of a movable slide, a guideway for the slide, automatic means for moving the slide from a predetermined position, means associated with the withdrawing means for vertically separating the slide and guideway, andmeans supplemental to the withdrawing means and acting independently thereof for returning the slide to the said position after each withdrawal.

65. In a mechanical movement of the class described, the combination of a holder, a tool, automatic mechanism for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder longitudinally of the latter, automatic mechanism for rapidly withdrawin the tool from the holder before each longitu inal movement,and automaticmechanism for slowl returnin the tool to the holder after eac longitudinal movement.

`66. ln a mechanical movement of the class described, the combination of a tool, automatic mechanism for moving the tool at intervals in a predetermined direction, automatic mechanism for rapidly withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction before each movement, and automatic mechanism for slowl returning the vtool transversely of the said direction after each movement.

intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder longitudinally of the latter, automatic mechanlsm for withdrawin the tool from the holder before each longitudinal movement, and automatic mechamsm acting entirely independently of the last said mechanism for returning the tool toward the holder after each longitudinal movement.

68. In a mechanical movement of the class described, the combination of a tool, automatic mechanism for moving the tool at intervals in apredetermined direction, automatic mechanism for withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction before each movement, and automatic mechanism acting entirely independently of the last said mechanism for returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each movement.

69. In a mechanical movement of the class described, the combination of a holder, a. tool, automatic mechanism for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder longitudinally of the latter, mechanism for withdrawing the tool from the holder at the time of each longitudinal movement, means for returning the tool toward the blank after each withdrawal, and means supplemental to the withdrawing and returning means for retarding the movement of the tool toward the holder.

70. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a. holder, and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, the said tool being also movable transversely of the said direction, means for eiecting relative movement between the tool and the holder in the said direction, automatic means for ra idly withdrawing the tool transversely o? the said direction at intervals, automatic means for slowly returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, and means for differently limiting the returning movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path in a direction dierent from the said predetermined direction.

71. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool movable in a predetermined direction and also movable transversely of the said direction, means for moving the tool in the said direction, automatic means for rapidly withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction at intervals, automatic means for slowly returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, and means for dillerently limiting the returning movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path in a direction di'erent from the said predetermined direction.

72. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a holder and a tool relatively movable in the predetermined direction, the said tool bein also movable transversely of the said irection, means for electing relative movement between the tool and the holder in the said direction, automatic means for rapidly withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction at intervals, automatic means for slowly returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, and means for dill'erently limiting the returning movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path dilering from a strai ht line.

73. mechanical movement comprising in combination, a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, the said tool being also movable transversely of the said direction, means for effecting relative movement between the tool and the holder in the said direction, automatic means for rapidly withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction at intervals, automatic means for returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, means supplemental to the withdrawing means and acting independently thereof for retarding the said returning movements and means for differently limiting the returning movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path in a direction different from the said predetermined direction.

74. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a tool movable in a predetermined direction and also movable transversely of the said direction, means for moving the tool in the said direction, automatic means for withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction at intervals, automatlc means for returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, means supplemental to the withdrawing means and acting independently thereof for retarding the ,said returning movements, and means for differently limiting the last said movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path in a direction dil'l'erent from the said predetermined direction.

75. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former and a former pin relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means for effecting relative movement between the pin and the former in the said direction, automatic means for rapidly separating the pin and the former at 1ntervals, and automatic means tor slowly causing the engagement of the pin and the former after each separation.

76. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former and a former pln relatively movable in a predetermined d1- rection, means for effecting relative movement between the pin and the former in the said direction, automatic means for separating the pin and the former at intervals, and automatic means supplemental to the separating means and acting independently thereof for causing the engagement of the pin and the former after each separation.

TT. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former and a former pin relatively movable in a predetermined direct-ion, means for effecting relative movement between the pin and the forme-r in the said direction, automatic means for separating the pin and the former at intervals1 automatic means for causing the engagement of the pin and the former after each separation, and means supplemental to the said separating means for retarding the said engagement.

78. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a former and a former pin relatively movable in a predetermined directon,` means for effecting relative movement between the pin and the 'former in the said direction, automatic means for separating the pin and the former at intervals. automatic means for cansingihe engagement of the pin and the former after each separation` and fiuid controlled means ,for retarding the said engagement.

T9. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction. means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of the tool and holder, means for effecting relative movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and the former in the said predetermined direction, automatic means for rapidly separating the pin and the former at intervals, and automatic means for slowly causing the engagement of the pin and the former after each separation.

- 80. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of the tool and holder, means for effecting relative movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and the former in the said predetermined direction, automatic means for rapidly effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and holder and between the pin and former at intervals, and automatic means vfor slowly effecting a relative return movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and former after each withdrawal.

Sl. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of the holder and tool` means for effecting relative movement between the tooi and hoider and between the pin and the former in the said predetermined direction, automatic means for effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and holder and between the pin and former at intervals, and automatic means supplemental to the withdrawing means and acting independently thereof for effecting a relative return movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and former after each withdrawal.

82. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative Hpositions of the holder and tool, means for e ecting relative movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and the former in the said predetermined direction, automatic means for effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and holder and between the pin and former at intervals, automatic means for effecting a relative return movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and former after each withdrawal. and means supplemental to the said withdrawing means for retarding the said return movement.

83. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of the holder and tool, means for effecting relative movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and the former in the said predetermined direction. automatic means for effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and holder and between the pin and former` automatic means for effecting a relative return movement between the tool and holder and between the pin and former after each withdrawal, and fiuid controlled means for retarding the said return movement.

84. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction. the said tool being also movable transversely of the said direction. means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder in the said direction to successive fixed relative positions, automatic means for rapidly withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction before each movement` automatic means for slowly returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, and means for differently limiting the returning movements of the tool so that the successive posi` tions of the tool lie in a path in a direction different from the said predetermined direction.

85. In a mechanical movement` the combination of a tool movable in a predetermined iss direction and also movable transversely of the said direction, means for intermittently moving the tool in the said direction, automatic means for rapidiy withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction before each intermittent movement, automatic means for slowly returning the tool transversely of the sald direction after each withdrawal, and means for differently limiting the returning movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path in a direction different from the said predetermined direction.

86. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, the said tool being also movable transversely of the said direction, means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder in the said direction to successive fixed relative positionsrautomatic' means for rapidly Withdrawtin the tool transversely of the said direction fore each m'ovement, automatic means for slowly returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, and means for dilferently limiting the returning movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path differing from a strai ht line.

87. n a mechanical movement, the combination 'of a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, the said tool being also movable transversely of the said direction, means for effecting atv intervals relative movements between the tool and the holder in the said direction to successive fixed relative positions, automatic means for rapidly withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction before each movement, automatic means for returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, means supplemental to the withdrawin means and acting independently thereo? for retarding the said returning movements, and means for differently limjtin the returnin movements of the tool so t at the successive positions of the tool lie in a path in a direction ditlerent from thesaid predetermined direction.

88. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a tool movable in'apredetermined direction and also movable transversely of the said direction, means for intermittently moving the tool in the said direction, automatic means for withdrawing the tool transversely of the said direction before each longitudinal movement, automatic means for returning the tool transversely of the said direction after each withdrawal, means supplemental to the withdrawing means and acting independently thereof for retarding the said returning movements. and means for differently limiting the last said movements of the tool so that the successive positions of the tool lie in a path in a direction different 4from the said predetermined direction.

in a mechanicai movement, the combination of a former and a former pinb relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the pin and the former in the said direction to successive fixed relative positions, automatic means for rapidly separating the pin and the former before each movement, and automatic means for slowly causing the engagement of the pin and the former after each separation.

90. In a mechanical m'ovement, the combination of a former and a former pin relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means` for effecting at intervals relative movements between the pin and the former in the said direction to successive fixed relative positions, automatic means for separating the pin and the former before each movement, and automatic means supplemental to the separating means and acting independently thereof for causing the enga ement of the pin and the former after eac separation.

91. In a mechanical movement, the' combination of a former and a former pin relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the pin and the former in the said direction t'o sueeessivefixed relative positions, automatic'ineans for separating the pin and the former before each 100 movement, automatic means for causing the engagement of the pin and the former after each Separation, and means supplemental to the said separating means for retarding the said engagement.

92. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of the tool 110 and holder, means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and holder and between the pin and the former in the said predetermined direction to successive fixed relative positions, automatic 115 means for rapidly separating the pin and the former before each movement. and automatic means for slowly causing the engagement of the pin and the former after each separation.

93. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction,y means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of 125 the tool and holder. means for effecting at 'ntervals relative movements between the tool and holder and between the pin and the former in the said predetermined direction to successive fixed relative positions, 130

automatic means for rapidly effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and holder and between the pin and former before each movement, and automatic means for slowly efi'ectin a relative return movement between t e tool and holder and between the pin and former after each withdrawal.

94. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a holder and a tool relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means includin a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of the holder and tool, means for effecting at intervals relative movements between the tool and holder and between the in and the former in the said predetermined direction to successive fixed relative positions, automatic means for effecting relative Withdrawal between the tool and holder and between the pin and former before each movement, and automatic means supplemental to the withdrawing means and acting independently thereof for effecting a relative return movement between the tool and holder and between the Jain and former after each withdrawal. Y

95. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a holder and a to'ol relatively movable in a predetermined direction, means including a former and a former pin for controlling the relative positions of the holder and tool, means for effecting at intervals relative movement between the tool and holder and between thepin and the former in the said predetermined direction to successive fixed relative positions, automatic means for effecting relative withdrawal between the tool and holder and between the pin and former before each movement, automatic means for effecting a relative return movement between the tool and holder and between the in and former after each withdrawal an mental to the said withdrawing means for retarding thesaid return movement.

96. The described combination of a movl able tool, a support for the tool, and automatic means for lockingthe tool to the support at intervals and for releasing it at intervals to permit movement.

97. The described combination of a movable slide, a su port for the slide, and automatic means fiiir locking the slide to the support at intervals and for releasing it at intervals to ermit movement.

98. The descri d combination of a movable slide, a sup ort for the slide, means for loc-king the s ide to the support or for releasing it to permit transverse movementand means for elevating the slide out of contact with the vsupport when it is released.

99. The described comb'maiion ci a able slide, a support for the slide, means for locking the side to the support or for releasing it to permit movement, and means means supple-- includin anti-friction rollers for elevating the s ide out of contact with the support when it is released.

100. The described combination of amovable slide, a support for the slide, automatic means for locking the slide to the support at intervals and for releasing it at intervals to permit movement, and automatic means for elevating the slide out fof contact with the support each time it is released.

101. The described combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable tool on the carria c, automatic means for moving the tool ratively to the carriage at intervals, locking means between the tool and the carria and automatic means for effecting un ockiug at the time of each relative movement and for subsequently effecting locking.

102. The described combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, automatic means for moving the slide relatively to `the carriage at intervals, locking means between the slide and the carriage, and automatic means for effecting unlocking at the time of each relative movement and for subsequently effecting locking.

103. The described combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, automatic means for moving the slide relativelyl to the carriage at intervals, locking meansibetween the slide and the carriage, automatic means for eiectin unlocking at the time of each withdrawa and for subsequently effecting lockin automatic means for elevating the slie time it is unlocked,d

104. The described combination of a movable slide having a slot therein extending in the direction of movement of the slide, a second movable slide supporting the first slide, and means carried b the second slide and extending through t e slot for locking the slides together or for releasing them to permit relative movement.

105. The described combination of a movable slide having a slot therein extending in the direction of movement of the slide, a second movable slide supporting the first and each -slide and having 'an aperture registering 1n the first slide, means` for locking `the slzldes together or for releasing them to'permit relative movement, and automatic means for elevating the first slide out of contact with the second slide Vwhen it is released.

108. The described combination of a movable slide, a second movable slide supporting the first slide, automatic means for locking the slides together at intervals to permit relative movement, and automatic means for elevating the first slide Vout of contact with the second slide when it is released.

109. The described combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, a second slide mounted on the first said slide and movable thereon, automatic means for moving the second slide relatively to the carriage at intervals, locking means between the slides, and automatic means for effecting unlocking at the time of each withdrawal and for subsequently effecting locking.

110. The described combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, a second slide mounted on the first said slide and movable thereon, automatic means for moving the second slide relatively at intervals, locking means between the slides, automatic means for effecting unlocking at the time of each said movement of the` second slide and for subsequently effecting locking, and automatic means for elevating the second slide out of contact with the first slide each time unlocking takes place.

111. The described combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, a second slide mounted on the first said slide and movable thereon, locking means between the slides, automatic means engagin the first said slide for moving both slides relatively to the carriage at intervals, and automatic means acting immediately after each said movement of the slides to unlock the second slide from the first slide and subsequently acting to lock the second slide to the first slide.

112. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable tool on the carriage, automaticl means for moving the carriage at intervals, locking means between the tool and the carriage, and automatic means for effecting locking after each carriage movement and unlocking before the next following carriage movement.

113. ln a mechanical movement, the combination of a movable carriage. a relatively movable slide on the carriage, automatic means for moving tbe carriage at intervals,

, locking means between the slide and tbc carriage. and automatic means for effecting locking after each carriage movement and unlocking before tlie next following carriage movement.

114. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a movable'carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, automatic means for moving the carriage at intervals, locking means between the slide and the carriage, automatic means for effecting locking after each carriage movement and unlocking before the next following carriage movement and automatic means for elevating the slide each time it is unlocked.

115. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable tool on the carriage, automatic means for moving the carriage at intervals, automatic means for moving the tool relatively to the carriage at the time of each carriage movement, locking means between the tool and the carriage, 'and automatic means for effecting locking after each carriage movement and unlocking before the next following carriage movement.

116. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a movable carriage, a relativelyr movable tool on the carriage, automatic means for moving the carriage at intervals, automatic means for moving the tool rela, tively to the carriage at the timeof each carriage movement, means for returning the tool relatively to the carriage in the opposite direction after each carriage movement, locking means between the tool and the carriage, and automatic means for effecting unlocking before each withdrawal and locking after each return movement.

117. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, automatic means for moving the carriage longitudinally at intervals, automatic means for moving the slide relatively to the carriage at the time of each carriage movement, locking means between the slide and the carriage, and automatic means for effecting locking after each carriage movement and unlocking before the next following carriage movement.

118. In a mechanical movement, the combination of a movable carriage, a relatively movable slide on the carriage, automatic means for moving the carriage at intervals, automatic means for moving the slide relatively to the carriage at the time of each carriage movement. locking means between the slide and the carriage, automatic means for effecting locking after each carriage movement and unlocking before the next following carriage movement, and automatic means for elevating the slide each time it is unlocked.

11S). In a mechanical movement, the combination of u movable carriage, a relatively movable `slide on the carriage. automatic means for moving` tbe slide relativel)v to the carriage at the time oleach carriage movement. locking means between tbe slide and the carriage, and automatic means for effect-