US1425020A - Method of evaporating liquors - Google Patents

Description

E. JOSSE AND W. GENSECKE.

METHOD OF EVAPORATING LIQUORS.

' APPLICATION FILED APR.27. 1920.

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EMIL JOSSE, 0F BERLIN-LAUKW'ITZ, AND WILHELM GENSECKE, OF BAD HOMBERG,

GERMANY.

METHOD OF EVAPORATING LIQUORS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EMIL JossE and VVILHELM GnNsEoK-n, citizens of the German at Berlin-Laukwitz, Lessingstrasse 14, respectively, Bad Homburg v. d. Hohe, Homburgerstrasse 87, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Evaporating Liquors (for which we'have filed applications as follows: Germany, Ser. No. J. 17235 IV/12a, filed February 27 1915; Austria, Ser. No. A. 4:047-19, filed ovember 3, 1919; Switzerland, Ser. No. 2 122, filed November 4, 1919; Sweden, Ser. No. 5073 -19, filed November Norway, Ser. No. 18318,-filed. November 12, 1919; Hungary, Ser. No. 15157M. 6633, filed November 1 1, 1919; Czechia, Ser. No. P. 41549-1919, filed November 20, 1919; France, Ser. No. 1226 11, filed January 28, 1920'; England, Ser. No. 3895-20, filed February 9, 1920; Holland, Ser. No. 17 186, filed December 21, 1920; Spain, Ser. No. 12276-2582, filed January 13, 1921; Italy, Ser. No. 40628, filed January 15, 1921), of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a method for economically effecting the evaporation of liquids and the concentration of liquors, which processes must be accomplished under reduced pressure, such as the evaporation of fruit juices, milk, and the like. It is. an object of the invention to provide a process of this type in which the vapors formed in the evaporator are subjected, by means of a blower, to a somewhat higher absolute pressure and. consequently higher tempera ture than that at which the evaporation is accomplished. The compressed vapors are then utilized as heating medium by passing them through the heating element of the Due to the large volume and the usually small increase in pressure, the

' blower is preferably of the turbo type, the

excess heat imparted to the vapors by reason of their compression in passing through the blower being eliminated by discharging the uncondensed vapors from the heating system of the evaporator into a condenser, which condenser is preferably water-cooled and effects condensation of these residual vapors, and at the same time establishes a. pressure within the condenser which is materially less than the pressure at the compression side of the blower.

It is a further object to provide in an Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 27, 1920. Serial No. 377,141.

Patented. Au 8, 192a.

apparatus of this type a condenser or' equivalent element associated with the outlet end of the heating tubes, the pressure of which maybe varied so that a greater or lesser quantity of the vapors may be drawn through the heating element uncondensed, with the result that a correspondingly lesser or greater amount of heat is given up to the liquid being vaporized. V

It is a still further object to provide an apparatus of this type comprising a motor driven blower of such character that the blower is operated to maintain the evaporator chamber at an approximately constant pressure, whereby regulation of the above mentioned condenser to alter the amount of vapors which are condensed within the evaporator heating element will efiect a variation in the vapor output of the evaporator.

The drawing represents by way of example an embodiment of the invention, in which a is the evaporator and b the heating system therefor. Liquid may be admitted to the evaporator a through the inlet pipe a. The surface of the liquid is preferably maintained at a level below the heating tubes 5, as shown, and after supplying a batch of liquid operation is preferably conducted until concentration of this batch is complete, at which time the concentrated liquid may be drawn off through the outlet (2 It is to be understood, however, that liquid may be admitted continuously at a and discharged continuously from a if desired. The vapors produced are led through the tube 0 to a blower 0Z actuated by any suitable motor 6. The absolute pressure of the vapors is increased by a certain amount in the blower, the vapors being thereupon. passed through the tube 7 into the heating system I) where they efi'eet the evaporation. The condensate formed in the tubes of the heating system is passed, together with the still uncondensed portion of the heating vapors through the tube 9 into a condenser 71 rated in circulation and sprays said liquid through the tube 0 over the heating system.

Variations in pressure within the condenser it will produce ariations in the total pressure difference impressed across the heating chamber of the evaporator and will change the velocity of the fluid through. this chamber. Consequently more or less of they pors within the heating element 7) and the slower flow of the vapors through the heating element, an increased quantity of heat will be given up to the heat transferring walls of the tubes 5 with. the result that a larger quantity of vapor will be evolved within the evaporator chamber. It is evident that, in order to maintain substantially constant pressure and temperature conditions in this chamber, that the motor 6 must speed up sufliciently to withdraw the excess quantity of vapors formed and still maintain the same pressure within the evaporator chamber. That is, the motor 6! may be a compound wound electric motor whose characteristics are such that its speed increases with increased load. A motor of this type can be made to regulate for substantially constant pressure within the evaporating chamber throughout the entire range of pressures which it is desired to employ in the condenser h. It is, however, to be understood that a similar result might be obtained by roviding a shunt wound or other type 0F motor whose speed is controlled by means of a pressure or temperature sensitive element placed in communica tion with the evaporating chamber.

It is to be noted that a change in the condenser pressure effects passage of more or less uncondensed vapors through the heating element of the evaporator and consequently varies the quantity of heat supplied to the liquid under evaporation. However, since the temperature and pressure conditions within the evaporator chamber are maintained substantially constant, the changed quantity of heat supplied to the liquid under evaporation will be reflected in a correspondingly changed output of the evaporator. It is obvious that further modifications, such as a different method of controlling the operation of the blower, a

changed manner of controlling the conby Letters Patent of the United States is 1. Apparatus for evaporating liquids, comprising a container for the liquid, aheating chamber in heat transferrng relation to said liquid, means for Withdrawing vapor from said container and subsequently returning it to said heating chamber at higher pressure, said vapor serving as heating medium tor vaporizing the liquid, and means for controlling the pressure in said heating chamber and the vapor output of the evaporator, said means comprising a condenser for receiving the fluid discharge from the heating chamber, and a vacuum pump connected to said condenser. I

2. Apparatus for evaporating liquids, comprisng a container for the liquid, a heating chamber in heat transferring relation'to said liquid, means for withdrawing vapor from said container and subsequently returning it to said heating chamber at higher pressure, said vapor serving as heating medium for vaporizing the liquid, a condenser connected to the outlet end of said heating chamber, and means for varying the pressure in the condenser for regulating the vapor output of the evaporator.

3. Apparatus for evaporating liquids, comprising a container for the liquid, said container being maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure, a heating chamber in heat transferring relation to said liquid, means for withdrawing vapor from said container and subsequently returning it to said heating chamber at higher pressure, said vapor serving as heating medium for vaporizing the liquid, a condenser connected to the outlet end of said heating chamber, and means for varying the pressure in the condenser and for regulating the vapor output of the evaporator.

In testimony whereof, we afiix our signa- I H. K601i, I A. SoHijN.

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