US1424062A - High-temperature development of photographic materials - Google Patents
High-temperature development of photographic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1424062A US1424062A US279882A US27988219A US1424062A US 1424062 A US1424062 A US 1424062A US 279882 A US279882 A US 279882A US 27988219 A US27988219 A US 27988219A US 1424062 A US1424062 A US 1424062A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gelatine
- formaldehyde
- photographic materials
- hardening
- swelling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 20
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 9
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/268—Processing baths not provided for elsewhere, e.g. pre-treatment, stop, intermediate or rinse baths
Definitions
- This invention is for improvements in or relating to high-temperature development or other treatment by aqueous solutions of photographic, materials, and has forits object to provide a process whereby these materials may be safely manipulated in tropical countries, or in abnormally hot weather elsewhere.
- hardening bath or mixture for treating gelatine-surfaced photographic materials prior to subjecting them to the action of a developer or other aqueous solution, which bath contains formaldehyde solution, paraform, or a compound from which formaldehyde is readily obtained, together with a salt (for example, sodium citrate or sodium sulphate or di-sodium ortho-phosphate) of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine V jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of dry gelatine in water.
- a salt for example, sodium citrate or sodium sulphate or di-sodium ortho-phosphate
- the invention further consists in the process for developing or otherwise treat.- ing by aqueous solutions gelatine-surfaced photographic materials at high temperatures consisting in first subjecting the material to a hardening bath such as above described, and then subjecting it to a developer or other aqueous solution, It is found that if a photographic plate, for example, be first hardened in the aforesaid manner, it can afterwardsbe developed or say toned with ease by any of the known developers or toning baths at a high temperature.
- the class of salts referred to includes acetates, tartrates', citrates, oxalates, sulphates, phosphates, chromates, bicarbonates, and borates.
- a formula for this preliminary bath may be as follows 40% formaldehyde solution 10 c.c.m. Sodium sulphate crystals 80 grams. Or di-sodium orthophosphate- 40 grams. Water up to 400 0.0..
- the above formula may be compounded and kept indefinitely, or the paraform and sodium sulphate or other salt in anhydrous form may be made up as powders or into pellets and sold in this condition for dissolving when required in the necessary quantity of water.
- the invention is applicable to all gelatine-surfaced photographic materials, such for example as plates, papers, and films.
- a composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for harden ing them only comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with a relatively greater amount of a salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict. the swelling of gelatine in water.
- a composition for treating gelatine surfaced photographic materials for harden ing them only comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with a salt of theknown class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in concentration in excess of one molecular proportion relatively tothe formaldehyde yielding substance to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
- a composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening them only comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with an alkali salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in concentration in excess of one molecular proportion relatively to the formaldehyde yielding substance to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
- a composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening them only comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with a sodium salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in concentration in excess of one molecular proportion relatively to the formaldehyde yielding substance to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface I pendingreaction therewith of the formal-v dehyd a 5.
- composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening themonly comprising a solution of free formaldehyde together with an alkali salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water in such concentration as to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
- a composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening them only comprising a solution of free of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in such concentration as to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
- a composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for harden- 1ng them only comprising a solution of free formaldehyde together with sodium citrate in such concentration as to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
- a process for hardening gelatinesurfaced photographic materials comprising sub ecting the material to treatment in a bath comprising formaldehyde together with 3110 formaldehyde together with a sodium salt In testlmony whereof We have signed bar names to this specific-( tion in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.
Description
7 No Drawing.
rarss PATENT OFFICE.
ALEXANDER JOHNSTON AGNEW AND FRANK FORSTER RENWIGK, OF ILIORD, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO ILFORD LIMITED, 0F ILFORD, ENGLAND.
HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS.
T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that we, ALEXANDER JOHN- STON AGNEW and FRANK FoRs'rnR RnNwIoK, subjects of the King of England, and both residing at Ilford, in the county of Essex, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in High-Temperature Development of Photographic Materials, of which the following is a specification.
This invention is for improvements in or relating to high-temperature development or other treatment by aqueous solutions of photographic, materials, and has forits object to provide a process whereby these materials may be safely manipulated in tropical countries, or in abnormally hot weather elsewhere.
Special developers have heretofore been proposed for developing in these circumstances, but such developers have usually a strong tendency to fog, the development is so rapid that it cannot be conveniently controlled, and they are of little use at a temperature of 90 F. or over.
According to the present invention, a
hardening bath or mixture is provided for treating gelatine-surfaced photographic materials prior to subjecting them to the action of a developer or other aqueous solution, which bath contains formaldehyde solution, paraform, or a compound from which formaldehyde is readily obtained, together with a salt (for example, sodium citrate or sodium sulphate or di-sodium ortho-phosphate) of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine V jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of dry gelatine in water.
The invention further consists in the process for developing or otherwise treat.- ing by aqueous solutions gelatine-surfaced photographic materials at high temperatures consisting in first subjecting the material to a hardening bath such as above described, and then subjecting it to a developer or other aqueous solution, It is found that if a photographic plate, for example, be first hardened in the aforesaid manner, it can afterwardsbe developed or say toned with ease by any of the known developers or toning baths at a high temperature.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented July 25, 19122.
Application filed February 28, 1919. Serial No. 279,882.
The class of salts referred to includes acetates, tartrates', citrates, oxalates, sulphates, phosphates, chromates, bicarbonates, and borates.
A formula for this preliminary bath may be as follows 40% formaldehyde solution 10 c.c.m. Sodium sulphate crystals 80 grams. Or di-sodium orthophosphate- 40 grams. Water up to 400 0.0..
or if paraform be employed 4.5 grams of this may be used instead of the 10 c. c. of formaldehyde solution.
The above formula may be compounded and kept indefinitely, or the paraform and sodium sulphate or other salt in anhydrous form may be made up as powders or into pellets and sold in this condition for dissolving when required in the necessary quantity of water.
It will be appreciated that the formula for the purpose of this invention may be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the invention, various salts other than sodium sulphate being available as already described. Almost any base may be employed that will give a soluble salt though allare not equally good but besides sodium salts ammonium and magnesium have been found to give good results.
It has been found that by using this preliminary bath, photographic plates and other materials can be manipulated that is developed, toned, fixed, washed or otherwise treated with aqueous solutions at a temperature as high as 110 F. without any cooling means being necessary. The salt retards the swelling and prevents melting of the gelatine while the formaldehyde solution is penetrating and combining with it to form this hardening, enables the developing to be carried out afterwards without undue haste, Whereas when the hardening material has been incorporated in the developer, the hardening action has scarcely begun before development is finished and this is so rapid that, as already stated, it cannot be controlled; moreover, the hardening effect being imperfect, subsequent treatment, such as fixing and washing of the plate is exceedingly difficult and at such temperatures as 100 to 110 F. it is impossible even to complete development itself before the gelatine melts. lVhen, however, the hardening is effected in a preliminary bath as described, the developing and fixing and Washing can'all be subsequently carried out in practically the same manner and with almost as much ease as would be the case if operating in ordinary, temperatures.
The advantages referred to above as the result of applying this invention to developing also accrue in part to other manipulations such as toning.
It will be understood that the invention is applicable to all gelatine-surfaced photographic materials, such for example as plates, papers, and films.
In practice it is usual to proceed with development immediately after rinsing off the excess of the preliminary hardening bath.
What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for harden ing them only, comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with a relatively greater amount of a salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict. the swelling of gelatine in water.
2. A composition for treating gelatine surfaced photographic materials for harden ing them only, comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with a salt of theknown class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in concentration in excess of one molecular proportion relatively tothe formaldehyde yielding substance to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
3. A composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening them only, comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with an alkali salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in concentration in excess of one molecular proportion relatively to the formaldehyde yielding substance to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
4:. A composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening them only, comprising a substance adapted to yield formaldehyde together with a sodium salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in concentration in excess of one molecular proportion relatively to the formaldehyde yielding substance to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface I pendingreaction therewith of the formal-v dehyd a 5. A composition for treating gelatine-V ing point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water in such concentration as to preservethe consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
7 A composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening themonly, comprising a solution of free formaldehyde together with an alkali salt of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water in such concentration as to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
8. A composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for hardening them only, comprising a solution of free of the known class which tends to raise the melting point of a gelatine jelly and to retard or restrict the swelling of gelatine in water, in such concentration as to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
9. A composition for treating gelatinesurfaced photographic materials for harden- 1ng them only, comprising a solution of free formaldehyde together with sodium citrate in such concentration as to preserve the consistency of the gelatine surface pending reaction therewith of the formaldehyde.
10. A process for hardening gelatinesurfaced photographic materials comprising sub ecting the material to treatment in a bath comprising formaldehyde together with 3110 formaldehyde together with a sodium salt In testlmony whereof We have signed bar names to this specific-( tion in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.
ALEXANDER JOHNSTON AGNEW. FRANK FORSTER RENWICK.
Witnesses:
A. M. HARWARD, HARRY S. LINDGE.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB6723/18A GB128337A (en) | 1918-04-20 | 1918-04-20 | Improvements in or relating to High-temperature Development of Photographic Materials. |
| US279882A US1424062A (en) | 1918-04-20 | 1919-02-28 | High-temperature development of photographic materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB6723/18A GB128337A (en) | 1918-04-20 | 1918-04-20 | Improvements in or relating to High-temperature Development of Photographic Materials. |
| US279882A US1424062A (en) | 1918-04-20 | 1919-02-28 | High-temperature development of photographic materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1424062A true US1424062A (en) | 1922-07-25 |
Family
ID=26240915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US279882A Expired - Lifetime US1424062A (en) | 1918-04-20 | 1919-02-28 | High-temperature development of photographic materials |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1424062A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB128337A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2437412A (en) * | 1944-11-08 | 1948-03-09 | Eastman Kodak Co | Latent image intensification with sulfur dioxide |
| US2541470A (en) * | 1947-05-28 | 1951-02-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic silver halide developing solutions containing calcium precipitation inhibitors |
-
1918
- 1918-04-20 GB GB6723/18A patent/GB128337A/en not_active Expired
-
1919
- 1919-02-28 US US279882A patent/US1424062A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2437412A (en) * | 1944-11-08 | 1948-03-09 | Eastman Kodak Co | Latent image intensification with sulfur dioxide |
| US2541470A (en) * | 1947-05-28 | 1951-02-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic silver halide developing solutions containing calcium precipitation inhibitors |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB128337A (en) | 1919-06-20 |
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