US1421246A - Apparatus for regulating the voltage of dynamo-electric machines - Google Patents

Description

A. I. JULLIN.

APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE VOLTAGE 0F DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES. 1,421,246.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, 1920. I

' Patented June 27, 1922.

3 SHEETSSHEET //v Vi/V ran ALEX/5 JOSfPH JULL/N A. J. JULLIN. APPARATUS FOR REGULAT THE VOLTAGE 0 YN ELECTRIC MACHINES.

AP ATION HLED MAY 19 1,421,246. PatentedJfine 27, 1922.

3 SHEETS SHEET 2 Fig.3

INVENTOR ALEX/s .105 P JULLIN A. J. JULLIN. APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE VOLTAGE 0F DYNAMO ELECTRIC M ACHINES. Patented June 27, 1922.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, I920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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19 TTORIVEV UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXIS JOSEPH JULLIN, OF SI.-CLOUD, FRANCE.

Application filed May 20. 1920.

Specification of Letters Eatcnt.

Patented June 27, 1922.

sci-m1 No. 382,921.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONSDF THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L., 1313.)

To-cZZ to 7mm it may concern Be it known that I, ALEXIS Josnrn J ULLIN, citizen or the Republic of France, residing at lat Rue de Garches, fit-Cloud, Seine et Oise, in the Republic of France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Regulating the Voltage of Dynamo-Electric Machines, (for which I have filed an application in France April 30, 1918, Patent No. 505,700), of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object to provide an improved apparatus for regulating the voltage of dynamos running at varying speeds and under varying loads, more particularly employed for the lighting of vehicles.

The improved apparatus'is characterized chiefly by the feature that it comprises a vibrating tongue actuated by the attraction of a solenoid whose field is influenced by the variations in the voltage of the dynamo,*and is pulled back by a spring. This vibrating tongue is capable of touching one or other of two contacts connected at points situated at difl'erent potentials in such a manner as to establish circuits including the vibrating tongue, suitable resistances and a single regulating inducing coil for influencing the excitation. of the dynamo, the said circuits being such that this regulating inducing coil is thus traversed in consequence oil the-vibrations off the vibrating tongue, by undulating current whose mean'value will pro duce the necessary excitation for obtaining the desired voltage.

In the case of a given dynamo, the range of possible regulation is increased'by employing a double-contact regulator instead of a known type 01 single-contact regulator.

The use of the double-contact underthe hereinafter described conditions allows also of going as far as the reversal of the current in the single exciting coil when this is necessary, as for instance in the case of the working of a Rosenbergdynamo 0t limited voltage with compensation for the armature reaction, or in the case of the working of a step-up and step-down machine. 1

In the accompanying drawings given by way of example Fig. l is a diagram of a constructional :torm otthe improved regulating apparatus forming the subject matter of this invention,

wherein the pivot ot the vibrating tongue is connected to one end of the inducing winding.

Fig. 2 is a partial diagram illustrating the actuation of the vibrating tongue by a relay.

Fig. 3 illustrates an apparatus wherein one end of the inducing winding is connected to a supplementary brush rubbing on the dynamo commutator or collector ring.

Figs. 4L, 5, 6, and 7 illustrate apparatus which are analogous to those shown in Fig. 1, but comprise slightmodifications.

Fig. 8 illustrates an apparatus wherein the pivot of the vibrating tongue is connected to one of the terminals of the dynamo.

Fig. 9 illustrates the general scheme of the application off any one of the above mentioned apparatus, allowing of reversing the current in the regulating inducing coil, in the case of a dynamo comprising already another coil which may be either a shunt excitation coil or an independent excitation coil.

Fig. 10 illustrates likewise by way of eX- ample the application o'l one of the above mentioned apparatus for the regulation of an installation with storage battery, comprising a step-up and step-clown transformer inserted in the exciting circuit.

The improved apparatus illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 1, comprises ,a dynamo whose armature is indicated at 21 and whose terminals are designated. by A, B; 22 is its inducing coil whose terminals are designated by C, D; 23, 24: are the two portions of a resistance connected to the dynamo terminals; 26, 27, 27 28 are the different portions of another resistance or of separate resistances arranged in series and connected likewise to the terminals of the dynamo or to the circuit supplied by the latter; 29 is a tongue adapted to vibrate between the contacts E F which are connected in their turn respectively, to the junction points of the resistances-26 and 27, 27 and 28; 30 is a condenser connected to the terminals of the coil 22; 36 is the external circuit (comprising for instance lamps) 37 is a storage battery which may be provided or not, and which in the former case is coupled. to-the dynamo by means of an automatic switch (not shown) when the voltage of the said dynamo has attained a suitable value.

The vibrating tongue 29 is pulled back by a spring 7 and is attracted by a solenoid 4!. which is mounted in series with a regulating resistance 5 in a branch circuit connected to the terminals of the dynamo or o'l the net.

The solenoid t is suitable on the other hand in the case oil? low power dynamos or dynamos whose exciting circuits are designed to bring only weak currents into action. For other machines it is advisable to actuate the vibrating tongue 29 through the medium of one or more relays. Fig. 2 shows how the vibrating tongue 29 may be actuated, by a relay 4 which is in its turn actuated by the main solenoid a.

The operation of the described apparatus is as follows (see Fig. 1)

For the sake of clearness it is assumed that A is the positive pole of the dynamo and B the negative pole of the dynamo.

The arrangement and adjustment are such that for a given speed and for a given load on the dynamo, the mean current flowing (for instance in the direction D C) in the field magnet windings shall have the requisite value for generating the desired voltage. To every increase in the voltage due to any cause (increase of speed or diminution of load) there will correspond an increase of the current and consequently of the attraction of the coil of the main solenoid, which will have for effect, either directly or through the medium of the coil of the relay, to cause the tongue 29 to make contact with the contact piece F. The establishment of this contact will produce a diminution in the exciting current, since, according to the assumption made above as to the polarities, the potential at the point is lower than that at the point E. The r verse will take place for every diminution in the voltage, so that a variation in the citation opposing the variation in the voltage will follow the latter immediately. The result is a series of oscillations or vibrations of the tongue 29 which will have a tendency to increase the duration ot the intermittent periods of contact on the side or on the F side to the detriment oi? the duration ol the contacts at the opposite side according as the excitation is to be reinforced or diminished.

The result of the foregoing will be the establishment in the field magnet windings, 01 an undulating current whose mean value will correspond to the excitation that is necessary to generate the desired voltage (it may happen that the tongue will vibrate only on the other h and, constitute discharging circuits tor the field magnet winding whose self-induction, showing itseli in the form oi sparking at the contacts. can thus be largely diminished.

The provision of the condenser 30 com pletes the arrangement of the discharging circuits for the same purpose.

Instead of connecting one of the ends ot the field magnet winding at the junction (J of two resistance sections :23 and as shown in Fig. 1, the said end may be connected either to a supplementary brush rubbing on the commutator or collector ringoi the dynamo between the two main brushes, or to a revolving ring connected to any point of the armature or finally to an intern'iediate point of the storage battery.

Fig. 8 illustrates the arrangement in the first of the above mentioned cases. The other two arrangements (wherein the current is taken from a ring or from a battery) can be readily imagined.

Figs. t and 5 illustrate modifications oi the preceding arrangements. in these Figures 32 and 33 represent snipplementary discharge resistances the provision ol" which is intended tor use in installations of considerable power.

In all the apparatus hereinbeior described the resistances shown in the figure-- must have the values that are suitable for each particular case. Some of these res stances may be of thousands of ohms or they may be infinitely great, and their combinations may lead in reality to numerous special arrangements.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate by way o't example modifications ot the general arrangement of Fig. 1 wherein the resistances Pi l are nil, and the resistance 22?: is infinitely great. in Fig. (3, 32 and 32% indicate the supple mentary discharge resistances and in 'i', 34; and 35 indicate resistances interposed in conductors that are connected to the con tacts E F so as to avoid sparking between these two contacts in the case where the high dill'erence o'l potential between the ends of the resistance 27 would have a tendency to cause such sparking. i

The arrz'ingements of Figs. 6 and T do not however allow of regulating as tar as the reversal oi the current in the field magnet windings as can be done in the arrangements shown in the foregoing figures.

Furthermore, instead of a single con denser 30 connect-ed to the terminals oi the field magnet winding, one of these devices may be mounted in the ordinary manner hetween the movable tongue and each at the contacts E and F. i

Fig. 8 illustrates another arrai'igement which allows of utilizing the double contact with a single coil and extending the possibility of regulation to such an eiztent is a shunt-inducing winding;

' shown in dotted lines).

as to efiect a reversal of the current in the said coil, without it being necessary to take current from any intermediate point from the dynamo, from the battery or from auxiliary resistances connected to the dynamo terminals as in the foregoing cases. In this Fig. 8, 41 is the dynamo armature; 42 is the inducing winding whose terminals G H are connected by leads to the fixed contacts I J between which can vibrate the tongue liywhich is connected at K to one of the poles of the dynamo; a l, 45, 46 and 47 represent resistances connected atone end to the terminals G H of the winding 42 and at their other ends to the points L K connected respectively to the two poles of the dynamo or of the external circuit (the resistances 4:6, 47 may be absent in certain cases). 48 is a condenser connected to the terminals of winding 42.

The vibrations of the tongue 43 are produced in the same manner as those of the tongue 29 in the case illustrated in Fig. 1. which has been hereinbefore described in detail, giving analogous effects. These ef fects thus generate in the winding 42 an undulating current whose mean value corresponds to the excitation that is required for producing the desired voltage.

Fig. 9 shows the general arrangement of the application of any one of the above mentioned arrangements, allowing of reversing the current in the regulating inducing winding is the case of a dynamo com prising another winding either for shunt excitation or for independent excitation.

In this figure, 61 is the armature; 62 63 is an inducing winding for regulating up to re versal of the current connected to the resistance bridge of the regulator according to one of the arrangements above described (to render the case more general this bridge is represented by the entity 64 65 is the external circuit.

It will be seen for example that if matters are so regulated as to cause the voltage to remain substantially constant at the dynamo terminals, the winding 62 will produce a substantially constant field. But the winding 63, subjected to' the action of the regulator, will be traversed by a variable current in one direction or the other, and this current will generate a field that will reinforce the first field or will be in opposition to it to the amount necessary for requirement.

Fig. 10 illustrates likewise by way of example, the application of one of the above mentioned arrangements for regulating an installation having a storage battery, comprising a step-up and step-down device included in the exciting circuit. In this figure, 71 is a dynamo armature; 72 are the shunt exciting coils of the latter; 73 is a regulating resistance; '7 is the armature of the step-up and step-down device; 7:) are the exciting coils of the latter connected to the resistance bridge of the regulator according to one of the above described arrangements, and which for the sake of more general application, is represented in dotted lines as an entity 76; 77 is the storage battery; 78 is the automatic cut-out switch; and 79 is the external circuit.

It is to be understood that matters may be so regulated that for instance with a medium speed and load of the dynamo, the current flowing in the winding 7 5, and con sequently the voltage at the terminals of the small armature 74, will be substantially nil. Then the normal voltage at the dynamo terminals will alone determine the normal exciting current of the exciting windings 72 for the specified working. According as a diminution or an increase of voltage will tend to become established at the terminals of the dynamo (by the action of the variations in the speed and in the load) a current will be generated in the winding which will cause the armature 7 4L to act as a stepup or as a step-down device respectively to the dynamo voltage in the circuit of the exciting windings of the dynamo, with the result of increasing or diminishing the exciting current of the latter; and this effect will oppose a variation of the initial voltage.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An apparatus for regulating the voltage of dynamos running at varying speeds and under varying loads, comprising a solenoid controlled by the voltage of the dynamo, a vibrating tongue controlled by said solenoid a spring controlling said vibrating tongue, two contact members adapted to cooperate with said vibrating tongue, an exciting winding for the dynamo, and two open electric circuits influenced by the voltage of timelynamo', embodying predetermined resistances, and respectively connecting said contact members to the dynamo terminals, each of said open circuits being adapted to be closed by said vibratory tongue and said exciting winding for the dynamo.

2. An apparatus for regulating the voltage of dynamos running at varying speeds and under varying loads, comprising a solenoid adapted to be controlled by the voltage of the dynamo, a relay controlled by the voltage of the dynamo and adapted to put said solenoid into circuit, a vibrating tongue controlled by said solenoid, a spring controlling said vibrating tongue, two contact members adapted to cooperate with said vibrating tongue, an exciting winding for the dynamo, and two open electric circuits influenced by the voltage of the dynamo, embodying predetermined resistances, and respectively con.- necting said contact members to the dynamo terminals, each of said open circuits being adapted to be closed by said vibratory tongue and said exciting winding tor the dynamo.

Anapparatusitor regulating the voltage of dynamos running at varying speeds and under varying loads, comprisingla solenoid controlled by the voltage of the dynamo, a vilin'ating tongue controlled by said solenoid, a spring controlling saidvibrating tongue, two contact members adaptedto cooperate with said vibrating tongue, an exciting winding for the dynamo, and two open electric circuits influenced by the voltage of the dynamo, embodying predetermined resistances, and respectively connecting said contact members to the dynamo terminals, each of said open circuits being adapted to be closed by said vibratory tongue and said can citing winding tor the dynamo, said circuits being so arranged that the position of the said exciting windingin the operative circuit is reversed according to the position of the vibrating tongue, whereby the direction of the current may be reversed in the evciting winding. 7

4. An apparatus for regulating the voltage of dynamos running at varying speeds and under varying loads, comprising a solenoid controlled by the voltage of the dynamo, a Vibrating tongue controlled by said solenoid, a spring controlling said-vibrating tongue, two contact members adapted to cooperate with said vibrating tongue, an exciting winding for the dynamo, electric connections embodying predetermined resistances for connecting respectively said contact members to the terminals oi": the dynamo, means for connecting one end of said exciting winding to the pivot ot the vibrating tongue anc n'aauis tor subjecting the other end oi said exciting winding to a voltage lower than that oi the dynamo.

5. An apparatus for regulating the voltage of dynamos running at varying speeds and under varying loads, comprising a solenoid controlled by the voltage oi the dynamo, a vibrating tongue controlled by said solenoid, a spring controlling said vibrating tongue, two contact members adapted to cooperate with said vibrating tongue, an exri ting winding for the dynamo. electric connections embodying nrdetermined resistances tor respectively connecting the ends of said exciting winding to one terminal ot the dynamo, means for connecting the ends oi said exciting winding to the said contact members and means for connecting the pivot oi? the vibrating tongue to the other terminal ot the dyname.

(3. An apparatus for regz nlating the voltage of dynamos running at varying s ,)ceds and under varying loads comprising a sold noid controlled by the voltage of the dyna mo, a vilnating tongue controlled by said solenoid. aspring controlling said vibrating tongue, two contact members adapted to cooperate with said vibrating tongue. an cxriting winding tor the dynamo; and two open electric circuits influenced by the voltage of the dynamo, en'ibodying predetern'linod rc sistances, and respectively connecting said contact members to the dynamo terminals, each oil? said open circuits being adapted to be closed by said vibratory tongue and said cxcitinq'windingctor the dynamo, and a corn denser shunted over the ones 0t said excitiu winding.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ALEXIS JOSEPIT JULLTN.

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