US1420645A - Evaporating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

srrirss eersnr orifice'.

CEARLES R. MABEE, OF TOLEDO.- OHIO.

nvAPoRATiNG APPARATUS.

insects.

Grgnal applceton filed October 23, 1913, Serial No.

Specification of 'Letters Patent.

'.Iatentcd June 27, 192,2.A 797,087. Renewed July 12, 1916, Serial No. 108,956.

Divided and this application filed December 9.1313. Serial No. 805,598.

To MIZ vello/n v/z muy confer/i1.:

Be it known that l. (Humans R. Manns, citizen ot the llnitcd States; residing' at To` ledo'. in the county ot' Lucas and State ot Ohio, have invented certain new and. useful Improvements Vin llvaporating Apparatus. of which the followingis a specitication, reference being had therein to the accompanyingdrawing.

yThis invention relates to an improved evaporatingh apparatus. and more phrticu- 'larlylo an apparatus wherein the substance to be treated or evaporated will, b v the operation ofthe apparatus, be cohveyed and maintained in actirc proximity relative toa treating surface under pressure, toward and.

,y `Various tvpes ot apparatus have hereto' tore been employed lor treating substances for cvapbrating the water therefrom, either to reduce the material to a solid. powder, orl

driedvstate, or to a concentrated or semiliquid state, a conunon torni. ot apparatus comprisingh a suitably heated container 'l'or the snbstancmvaiul means within the con? taincrV `for constantlv stirringY the. material,- whereby thesalne, by the stirring action, contimiouslv moves toward and from the surface. i

It has also been suggested to cluplo)v open evaiim'ating paus` with ineans'l'or heating ever, trom the operation ot the improved apparatus, ypresently t-ogbe described, that by .theprovision ot' means `tor treatingl the nia-- terial under pressure, preterably centrifugal torce, .and maintaining thematerial under constantl movement. or advancement over the 'heated surface, better, more economical and expeditious results are obtained than is pos'- sible with prior apparatus tor the same purpese nove-l details in the jconstruction and ar-v rangement of parts willfbe'more particularly brought out in the description to t'ollow. it being,T understood in this particular,

however, that. many obvious changes in the details of construction and arrangement of parts 4may vbe made without departing: from the principle or spirit ot' the invention.

The 'specification is to l'be considered in' connection with` the accompanying drawings, toi-ming a part hereof, and' wherein is disclosed, for the purpose of illustration, a convenient vand satisfactory embodiment thercot'. i i v Figure l is anclevation ot' a-n'apparatus ol' the character rel'eri-ed to, partly broken away.v and partly in section` thereby illus- [ratingthe interior construction;

Figure Q is a transverse section; l `igure3 is a similar section illustrating the apparatus in action;

Figure 4 is a detail perspective view enlargr'ed ot a portion of the conveyor and breaker means. l

Like reference numerals refer to corre-vv sponding;A parts throughout the several views. in which l 'are Suitable legs or supports adapted to jrest on a "surface and to receive arotatable drive shaft 2. This shaft is adapted to be rotated-at a high rate ot' speed, in any desired manner, but preferably through the medium ot, a relativelylarge. driving r pulleyl 2i rotatedfrom anyfsuitable source, and adapted to impart movement to an endless belt 4 positioned on a relatively small pulley 3, secured to the shaft 2. Suitable supports VG are provided for the sta-I tionary parts' of the apparatus, which include a suitable cylindrical drum 5 convenently open at opposite`endsas illustrated at 7. These openings are preferably ellip-v tical, the Walls 7, surrounding `the v,openings projecting inwardly from the end wall of the vdrum andhaving an outwardly projecting flange 7" extending substantially par` allel with the end wall of the drum.

The particular construction and arrange- .ment of these partsprevents any of the material from .finding a way out through the openings by flowing over the wall surrounding the same, and the particular slope of the surrounding wall of the openings assists in feeding the material to the base of the drum to be taken up by the conveyors and breakers presently to be described.

It will' be noted that the openings are eccentrically arranged, whereby'the lower portion thereof will be positioned a considerable distance above the base of the drum, thereby preventing any splashing of the material at the ends of the drum through said opening. A sleeveior jacket Ssurrounds the drum is suitably connected thereto so as to provide an intervening space 9 for the reception of the material to give the neces? sary temperature tothe drum surface.

Supported on the shaft 2 is a suitable` rotary breaker and conveyor mechanism, preferably made up as followszd Spokes or webs lO'are secured at intervals on the shaft 2, three sets being illustrated` Projecting betweenthe websl 10 are elon gated longitudinally extending brace bars 12, upon which'l are mounted annular rings or rims 11. The rims .11 Aare secured to the ends of the bars 12, through the medium of vsecuring bolts 12a,'which. latter also form securing means for-*connecting the ends 'of the bars12'to opposite ends 10a of the webs l10. Arranged at'suitable intervals about lthe periphery of the Wheel, .formed by the parts just described are conveyor members prei'N erably comprising angle bars 13,. secured to flanges 11 v.of the rims 11, in any desired manner 'as byrivets 13, The flanges 14 of thev angle bars are adapted, in the rotary 45.

movement of the device, to pick up and carry the' material to and around the inner surface of the drum. The conveyor 'members preferably extendfrom end to end of the breaker and conveyor mechanism.

' Arranged to extend between. the flanges 11*1 of the annular rim` 'members.11, and at closely associated distances apart, are suitable chains 15', such chains being connected in any desired manner, as for instance, as illustrated .in Figure 4,`Where in one of the links of the chain terminates in a suitable threaded bolt l'adapted to receive a securing nut- 15b engaging the outer surface of the rimI "11% vThis connection affords means whereby the chains may, at all times, be'niaintained taut., The chains arey substantially 'flush with the outer edge of the flange 111 of the conveyor members proper, and cooperateswith said .conveyor members to lift the liquid or substance and impart 'exteriorly heating the vdrum preferabl takes. the 'form of steam or the like, 'whic' enters the space formed between the jacket 8 and the periphery of the drum 5. A suitable 'piping 17 connecting with the jacket, preferabl Zat the top, affords means for the introductlon of the steam which' encircles the drum and fills the space between the drum and jacket. n

lt is obvious', of course, that. material, other than steam may be introduced into said. space, according to the desired treatment, and'thelow may be regulated or shut oit at will, through the medium of a suitable valve 17.EL introducedrfin said pipe. lt has been foundthat the evaporating process may be accelerated by the introduction,

'at suitable intervals, into the drum of -air or steam, or both, according yto conditions.'

'This is preferably Aaccomplished through the i may be closejl, at its opposite end, as ,illus-- trated, or vovided with an outlet connection similar "to the connection 21b for the lower pip 118, hlaving a valve 21c for theV discharge off any water of condensation in the ppingt'and also to provide a discharge means from the'interior of the drum for cleaning purposes.

The. air pipes, two also bei-ng shown for illustration, are indicated bythe numerals 1 9, these pipes being preferably closed at.

one end, and having valves similar to the valves 21n heretofore referred to, lfor controlling or cutting oit-the supply of air.

lt is to be understood that the air and steam pipes may be otherwise arranged than illustrated and described, and that any desired number or relative arrangement of each may be employed, ac`cording to conditions. All of the pipes'have suitable outlet` ports` 20, leading through openings in the periphery of the drum. The members20 preferably take the form of nipples,and are constructed to ,provide offset outlets projee-ting in thegeneral direction of rotation ot the breaker. and conveyog echanism, to

the'end. that the air or steam, or both, willv be introduced by an entraining action, due to the movement of the fluid or substance i Vabout the inner surface of the drum. I The i .air or steam passes through the film or 'layer of .fluid or substance` thereby' assisting liii 'abstractingfthe moisture therefrom.

Other material yorA gases in lieu of or in.

'l addition to air or steam may' be utilized, and

l v'a'nyonefo'rk alljof the pipes may be closed atv Willby suitablelvalves QP. The nipples are `Vconveniently welded to the Wall surround- .'lOii-ig' the yopenings so as` to form airtight joint at this pointy.V

i {"A i Li'table valve controlled discharge 'outletQIe leads'from'the space between the druni'f and jacketfS for the discharge of vany Water of condensation necessary. "'ff 'The' =nilk or material to'be treated is preferablyfintroducedthrough one end of tlie v"-drui'n through themediii'm of a pipe or chute i 22y projecting-through the end wail of the 20 drum, and' having anfoutlet atfa point to `discharge' into one -of the runways formed lby' the flanges 7a, 17", surrounding the end "iopening ofthe drum. The treated fluid or substance may be removed at any convenientpoint about the periphery of the drum,`

fand as illustrated lan 'outlet port 23 may be l"provided in the' drum, and connected'with a tangentially 'ip arranged pipe on flue 24, f adapted to dischargeinto a suitable tiough' 311i" "or"runway 25, or 4in'to other containers,

' Yshould yit Abe desired to'empl'oyA a multiple treating apparatus. The outlet tube QA is 'preferably' 'arranged at 'that end ofthe drum "'opposite'to the inlet 21, and thetreated liifiaterial will, of its owumotion, inmoving v""about"the'inner surfacel ofthe drum7 find `'The voperationof the apparatus may be reviewed asfoll'olwsi-rl j i 4Q' i Assuming that the liquidv to be'treated by the apparatus is milk, the sanieis fed into the "drum *convenientlyv at one end. vThe "j breaker end "conveyormechanism having been set in motion, through the medium of a" pulleys 2?-3, beltll, and shaft 2, will travel at a high vrate of speed say from 200,to 250`v revolution's' per'ininute (speed being valtered according -ito conditions). The material is nnmediately' cut up by the convey ors,'and

b'wing to 'the 'rapid movement t ereof, is ,'trans'ferred ytothe heated sides ofthe drum 'anddepositedthereom The flow of material continuing,j"the deposit on' the surface iscontinued,"until thereis bu'iltup on the surface,

through the -centrifugal action', astratumor l flayer `of: material" varying in ythickness f or epth up to from Y2 to 5 inches according to ktherapidity ofthe movement of the con-vv veyors. 'The'f`operation of the parts is `vsuch =`tliatthe-material -is not allowed to settle, but', as stated, accumulates and has arnov'enient over the surface in a forward direction. It has been observed that the movement of the material in its circular course vovervthe heated surface is somewhat likened permitted to lenter the quiet Zone w'ithin the moving ring of material. The milk or liquid being carried up, and deposited by the mechanism described, has a tendency to; in-

-crease in thickness so that the inner face of the ring shapedloody of liquid presents a.

perfectly smooth surface throughout, as distinguished from a broken-up or ruiiied surface. The conveyors arearranged conveniently within about one-half of an inchr of the drum surface,'and maintain-the liquid properly therebeyond in position and in contact adjacent the heated. 'surface by the centrifugal force created, while the outer surface or portion of the liquid'belt, as above stated, is maintained in position by the centrifugal' action, as' I understand, and possibly, also,` by the suction action -of the more rapidlymoving conveyors and the natural entraining act-ion'of the material itself. The

relatively fast movement of the conveyors.

maintains the orbital action of the moving material so that the liquid is maintained in close and forcible contact with or in pro'ximity to the heating surface.' Theheated gases and vapors generated at or adjacent the surface being lighter than the 1iquid,'will pass oft' therethrough, carrying with them moisture', and finding exit through the quiet zone atl the center of the drum. These vapors may be allowed to esca pe into the air or may be. collected or abstracted and conducted to other separators of acharacter to performa multipletreatment ofthe material.

machine, the milk being fedin at oneend 11.0 During the continuous operation of the is automatically and continuously discl'iarged at, the other end in a concentratedor semi.- liquid form. T he operation, of the apparatus is such that the milk at no times settles at the bottom, andthe abstraction canoccur at any convenient point about theperiphery of the drum. Excellent results haveA been' obtained with a drum .having imperforate walls, but the voperation may be accelerated somewhat by the introduction of the air and steam pipes referredito, the air or steam, or both, being introduced into the drum and through the body of liquidv or substance preferably by an entrainingaction due to. the arrangement of the nipples 20, and the fluid in its passage abstracting moisture fronigthe material and entering the quiet zone;4 'Where it is desired to subject the volume of material to the action oit steam alone, tor the usual. treatment of the milk constituents, such as casein, itis only necessary to move the air pipe valves to closing position.

f While in describing the operation of the apparatus, milk has been referred to as the material being treated, it is to be understood that the apparatus is equally susceptible tor use and adaptation in other connections and for the treatment of other materials.

The condensed tluid oi treated material is, at-tlie end of the treatment, taken out from the container through a. relatively small escape passage, while the large volumes of vapor and gas that are Withdrawn or separated from the material are being simultaneously taken'out through correspondingly larger 0r more copious passage-ways from the interior of the, container. The area of the Avapor escape opening at 7 is made as large as practicable in relation to the cross area of the vapor receiving central zone Within the container. It cannot to advantage be made of a fully equal area, because of the liability of chilling the interior chamber. wherein it is desired to maintain a constant uniform temperature in the neighborlioodof the film or fluid. But the areas of the iiuid discharge opening and of the'vapor discharge opening are related, in their dimensions, to the volumes respectively of ymaterials passingfthrough them. lt is desirable to insulate or separate the passage tor the treated material from the vapor escape openingto prevent re-condensation of vapor; and as shown. the treated fluid material is .Withdrawn at the end of its path directly from the film through a tangentially arranged duct While large volumes of vapor pass beyond the transverse planes ofthis duct and escape through the large discharge opening.-

- l have in other copendiiig applications ildlustrated xand described modified forms ot 4evaporating or condensing apparatus, and

or condensing iiiillr, and ii this connection reterence'is made to the pplication Serial No. 797,087, tiled Octoberli, 1913, renewed as Serial No. 108,956, relating to 'a method, and ot which said application the present application is a divisioinaiid reference is further made to the following applications :-,-718,114, tiled August l31," 1912; 738,178 filed December 23, 1912; 277,904 (a division of718,11{1 tiled February 18,1919; 40,7 57 tiled July- 19 1915; 77 ,936, tiled FebruarylQl, 1916;' an li vreserve theright to claim in my'copending applications the novel subjects-matter therein disclosed and not novel methods vproceduie in'evaporating herein claimed. A

resides in the fact that by the use thereof, I

iaaaefis am enabled to eliminate the customary entrainment of a considerable portion of the solids which under existing.practices,'where the substances are not subjected to pressure during evaporation, Would be carried olf with the gases and vaporsl emanating from the body of substance. owing to the rapid rotary movement provided by the conveyors, and breaker mechanism, the continuous centrifugal force to which the substance is constantly subjected would prevent any portion of the" solids'be. ing entrained and lost with thel discharged vapors and gases, i T he drum is shown and described as naving open ends, and it is to be understood that such a construction Ais advantageous when the machine is employed for the treat-' By my invention, f

ment of milk and `other substai'i'ces.l Should,

however, the machine be employed for evaporating Water, obviously,'changes can be made with reference to the size of the openings.

Other'changes may be made in the ma- I chine Without departing'from the general principles thereof, and still come Well Within the spirit of the invention.

I claim i l; In an evaporating apparatus, the combination of a cylindrical container; rotary conveyor means Within the container adjacent to the Wall thereof and adapted to move the material in. a circular path over said-1 `Wall andV maintain the `same in contact' with the Wall, and means for supplying treating Huid to the interior ofthe containerin the 4.inve/yor direction :otb movement of theJI mechanism.

-ino

2' In im evpol'ating apparatus, the' com? bination of akcylindrical container, rotary conveyor means Within the container adjacent to' the Wall thereof and adapted-to move the. material inv a circular path over said wall andmaintain the same inV Contact with the Wall', a pipe arranged to supply treatingfiuid, said pipe having a series otv inlet portsat the periphery of thecylinder and adapted to discharge tangentially into 4 the interior of the cylinder.

3.` In an evaporating apparat-us', the combination of a cylindrical container, rotary conveyor means Within the container' 'adja cent to the Wall thereof and adapted tomove the material in a circular path over said y wall and maintain the same in"contact with. the Wall, a pipe arranged to supply treating" Huid, said pipe having a series of inlet ports`- at the periphery Vof the cylinder adapted toA discharge tangentially into the interior ofthe cylinder, and .means exteriorly of the cylinder for regulating the-temperature of the wall thereof. An additional feature' of the apparatus 4. ln an evaporating apparatus, the "combination of a stationary cylindrical con-l izo regulating tainer, conveyor means Within the container adapted to rotate in close proximity to the WallI of the container to apply the material l adapted to contain treating fluids, said conduits being arranged adjacent the periphery of the cylinder and having a plurality oi' 'outlets openingl through the periphery of the cylinder, and means Jor regulating the vsupply of fluid through either or both of said conduits. u

5,' In an evaporating apparatus, the comg ,bination of a stationary cylindrical con# ltalner, conveyor means within the container l adaptedito'rotatein close proximity to the v-vvall of the container toapply the material to the -Wall of the container, and maintain the 'samein Contact therewith,'means for l regulating theV temperature of the Wall of adapted to contain treating iiuids,

the' container, and a plurality 'otconduits said conduits being arranged adjacent the periphery fof the cylinder and having avplurality ot loutlets opening through the periphery ot' the cylinder, and means for shutting ofi" the supply of material through either one or both of said conduits.

6. In an evaporating apparatus, the comv'bination of a stationary1 'cylindrical container, open at one end, a collar surrounding .the openingv forming an interior runway,

means forintroducing material to he treated intothe Arunway of the collar, and rotary conveyor mechanism positioned Within the container.

. 7L In an eyaporati'ng apparatus, the combination of a statinnary cylindrical container, open at one end, a collar surrounding the opening forming an interior runway, means for introduing the material tobe treatedinto the runway of the collar, id opening being eccentrically arranged relative to v4the end of the container and overlying the central portion \of the container, and rotary conveyor mechanism positioned Within the container.

'8. In an evaporatmg apparatus, the comb-ination of a substantially cylindrical container having Ian inlet adjacent one end and an outlet'adjacent the opposite end for the material to be treated, andA conveyor means Within the container including an elongatedchalnextending longitudinally of the container adjacent ether surface 'thereof, and

means forrotating saidconveyorfmeans at a high spfegyyhereby the material will be ,maintained -in film formation While 'continuously moved 'from the inlet tothe outlet endk of the container, 'and simultaneously 'circularly over the surface of the container, andmeans'for subjecting thegsurace ot the container to Jheat.

9. In an evaporating apparatus, the com* bination ot a cylinder having an inlet'and outlet for the material to'be treated, and conveyor mechanism 'comprising a rotary shaft, a vseries of angle bars concentrically larranged about said shaft extending longitudinally o the container and adjacent the f perature different 1from that ot the-material `to' be treated, and conveyor and breakermechanism arranged within the .container comprising a shaft mounted for rotation, Webs. projecting from the shaft', conveyor mechanism projecting between' theivebs an; having outstandinghars, and chains arranged between the bars extending `longitudinally thereof and supported by' said Webs.` y 1 11. In can eif'aporating apparatus, fthe combination of a f cylindrical container', a jacket therefor, means 'for introducing steam into the space between thev container V and jacket, means for introducing steam orth'e like through the waii of the container to the inner surface thereof, and meansjlor conveying vthc material intocontact With said surface While being continubusly moved thereover, said means including a rotatable shaft and a conveyor drum supported on the shaft, said drum having a seriesjol angle bars projecting longitudinally of the ccntainer, and aiseries of chains also extending longitudinalty the container, and means 'forgrotating said conveyor drum at a high rate ot speed. '7

l2. n an evaporating apparatus, thecombination at a horizontally disposed stationsu rroilnding open at opposite ends. andconveyor, and

positioned Wit-hinf the breaker mechanism container comprising skeleton drum haw inglii circumferential series of angle` oars and chains extending horizontally.,

` 14. In an evaporating apparatuathe combination of a; horizontally disposed cylinder open at opposite ends `.for .the escape ot vapor,v means for regulating the temperatu rev ot' the Wall there-ot,- and connected mfechanis'ni for applying and maintaining under movement a continuous layer 'otmaterialto' izo be treated on and over the cylindrical surface, and for maintaining a central quiet zone within said layer, said cylinder having an opening permitting thedischarge of the treated material independent of the vapors.

15. In an evaporating apparatus, the combination of a horizontally disposed cylinder having a surrounding heating chamber and a relatively small discharge passage for the treated material, means for introducing into said chamber heat sufficient to vaporize liquid constituents of the material to be treated, a rotatable shaft Within the cylinder, connected conveyor mechanism mounted on the shaft, and means for rotating said shaft at a high rate of Speed whereby the material will be applied by said mechanism in continuous layer formation to the vsurface of the container, and subjected to continuous uninterrupted movement in the same general' direction over said surface, said mechanism also operating to maintain a central. quiet zone Within said layer of material, and said container having anopening for the free .escape of vapors from saidcentral quiet zone, said discharge passage and said vapor escape opening having areas corresponding to the volumes of the treatedlma'- terial and of the vapor Withdrawn therefrom.'

16. In an evaporating apparatus, the combination of aA stationary horizontally disposed cylindrical container having a centrally arranged openingat opposite ends of a size s'uflicient to permitl of the copious discharge of vapors, conveyor means Within the container adapted to rotate in close prorrimity to the Wall of the container, and to apply the material to the Wall .of the container and maintain the same, while under movement, in cylindrical formation in con.- tact With said Wall of the container, said conveyor'means also operating to maintain a central quiet zone Within the container, and means `for regulating the temperature of the Wall of the container.

17. In an evaporating apparatus, the combination of a stationary horizontally disposed cylindricalV container, conveyor means Within the container adapted to rotate in close proximity `'to the Wall of the container and to apply the material to the Wall of the container and maintain the same `under movement in continuous cylindrical layer formation in contact with the container, said container being open in communica-tion with `the centralzone formed by the cylindrical layer of material whereby to maintain the pressure Within the container at substantially atmospheric pressure and whereby to permit of the copious discharge of the accumulating vapors from the container,

means for regulating the temperature of the Wall of the container, means for introducing the material to be treated to the container,

adjacent one end,vand a tangentially disposed outlet flue connecting with the 4periphery of the container adjacent the opposite end thereof. 1

18. ln can apparatus forevaporating liquid constituents of materials, the combinatiouvvith a containerof circular sec-tion having end Walls one of which is provided with a vapor escape of substantial area, means for introducing the material at one end and means adjacent the periphery of the -.conta1ner for permittingthe removal of the lmaterial after treatment, inwardly projecting flanges on the end Walls positioned adjacent the outer edgeI thereof adapted to prevent material from moving over `the end` Wall', means for heating the circular Walls of the container and rotary instrumenta1ities located Within the container for.forcibly projecting material ontol the heated Walls causing the same to circulate thereover and to move longitudinally thereof from the.v

point of introduction. c

19. In an evaporating apparatus, the combination of a horizontally disposed cylindri- `cal container, external means for heating;

the surface of the container, means whereby a continuous circular layer of the material is maintained in contact With the treating. surface and subjected to continuous uninterrupted circumferential and simultaneous endwise movement over saidsurfacey said container' having an inlet for-the' material at the material whereby thel inner surface thereof constitutes a heated 'treating surface, means for introducing the materialvat onev end of the container, a dischargepassage of` relatively. small area near the opposite end i one end andan outlet for the material at its opposite end, means for maintaining sub-V of the container for the escape of thetreated material, conveyor rmeans Within the c011- tainer extending longitudinally thereof afl-f jacent the treating surface, and means for rotating said'conveyor' means at a=high speed, said parts being 'constructed and ar-" ranged whereby the material 'will assume, the form of a thinllayer on the treating'snr-fa face of substantially uniform thickness throughout, and. whereby said layer'.

caused to move circularly and lengthwise:

towards the discharge overpthe surfacaat rapid speed while a central quiet zoneis;

maintained withinA the layer for the escape iso opening for the tree discharge ot said and vapors from the container, said discharge opening for treated material and said vapor discharge opening' having' areas ap-,

4proximately related to the volume ot escapy ing treated material and the volume ot' the vapors Withdrawn therefrom.

- 2l.v In an vapor-ating apparatus the combination of a lcontainer having 'a circular cross section, exterior heating means for the container for imparting to thewvallthereof. a high degree of temperature sutlicient to vaporize liquid constituents ot' the material to be treated, said container having an inlet adjacent one end and a relatively small outlet adjacent the opposite end, and interior means for spreading a thin uniformly distributed layer ot the substance on theheated wall of l the container and for causing a rapid circu lation ot' the substance circumferentially and lengthwisev over said heated wall, andsaid container having a relatively large central outlet whereby to maintain ,the container at substantially atmospheric pressure and permitting; thc vapors and lgases to escape fromthe substance and from the container duringr treatment. the areas o't' the said' vapor outlet for treated material. and the saidv vapor outlet bein; r related as are the Volume of escaping treated material and the volume of the' -vapor withdrawn therefrom.

22. ln an apparatus for treating a 'substance containing a liquid to change theconsistency,l Vthe combination' of a cylindrical container. means exteriorly of the container for applying to the wall thereof a temperature different from that of the material under treatment, said container having an iiilet adjacent one end and an outlet of relatively small area adjacent the opposite end for the escape ot treated material., and means for causing the material to form in a continuous layer formation rapidly movable over the inner surface of the' container, said fmeans including longitudinally extending `tlexible members spaced circumferentially'A and extending longitudinally of the .container adjacent the inner surface thereof, and said container having a' relatively large central outlet tor the escape. of vapors from the zone Within the. layer ot material, the areas of said outlet for treated material and of said vapor escape outlet being related approximately as are the volume of escaping material and the volume ot the vapor Withdrawn therefrom. i l 2?4 In an evaporating apparatus the combination of a substantially circular treating surface, means for ajziplyingto said surface a temperature different from that of thematerial to be treated, means for introducing the material adjacent one lend of said surface and allowing the treated material to esture ot' themall'thereof, and connected mech-`l inwardly of gases and vapors, and said con- 'cape adjacent the opposite end thereof, ro- "2- tainer having a relatively large central tatablemeans movable adjacent said'surface i'or causing a `circular layer of said material to move over said surface, and 'meanslfor 'inv troducinga fluid to the outersurface of said material. .c l,

2l. In an evaporating apparatus, the-'oom biuation ot' a cylinder havingal'cenftral 'cio-y pious opening at one end for the .free escape' of vapor, means for regulatingy the temperaanism for 'applying and maintainingu'nder' movement a continuous layer of materialto' be treated lon and over the `cylindrical sur tace, and forma-intaining a central-quiet, zone within said layer, `said Cylinder havingt a relatively small opening, permittingthe:v discharge of the treated .material -indepe'nd ent ofthe vapors, the area of tliefdischarg opening for the treated material beingru lated to thatof thevapor escape openingl api ,y proximately as is the volumeY of discharged material tothe volume offthez vapor" With-" drawn therefrom. 1 n ln an eva orating apparatus, ,.the'eome bination of a cyilinder havingv asurroundi'ng heating chamber, means fory introducing in t said chamber heat suicient to vaporize liq uid constituents ofthe material to beftreated a rotatable shaft "Within Ithe cylinder, con nected conveyor mechanism. mounted Onthe, shaft, and means for rotating said shaft atav high rate of speed whereby the material 'Willf` be applied by said ymechanism in' continuous? layer formation to the surface ofthe container, and subjected to continuous-uninterrupted movement in the same general direction over said surface, said `mechanism'also operatingr to maintain a` centralquilet' zone Within said-layer of material, 'and saidl con- ,105 tainer havinga copious discharge opening'.v for the free escape of vapors from said central quiet zone, and a relatively smaller vdischarge opening for the treated material' separated from the relatively large vapor escape opening whereby the treated material and the vapors will .be Withdrawn Vfrom the cont'ainer inlditfering volumes corresponding to the areas of the said openings.

26. In an evaporating apparatus, the 'com- 115 bination of a cylindrical containerpmcans '1 for imparting' to the surface of the container a temperature different fromthat of thematerial to be treated, and. means whereby a continuous circular layer ofthe material is 1.20 maintained in contact/ With the treating surface 'and subjected to continuous uninterruptecl circumferential: and simultaneous endwise movement over said surface to the point oa-discharge, and means for maintaining substantially atmospheric pressure Within the container, and permitting the unresis'ted rapid discharge of accumulating vapors directly from the central vvapor space formed by said `circular layer of material.

'27. lIn an evaporating apparatus, the corn- Yf tainer of circular cross section having an in- Flet for the material adjacent one end, and an i the container, the material as cause the same ',bination' with a container-of circular cross# section having at tao " container,

'outlet for the treated material adjacent the Yopposite end'land said container also having in pfne end a relatively large opening for the free and quick escape of vapors from the inwardly projecting circular anges on the ends positioned outwardly beyonol the plane of the vapor outlet, means for heating the contai'nerwalls and rotating means located within the container andextendingsubstantially from end to end thereof for-shaping the material to the walls of said means arranged to engage. it enters the container to to Amove circularly over the heated surface and longitudinally thereof towards the outlet substantially as described. 28. In an evapor'ating apparatus, the com its ends an opening to the atmosphere for the free escape of vapors, means yfor introducing the material atone end of the container, means forl removing the material' at the other-end ofthe container,- means for heating the container and means for causing the body of the material as introduced to be spread onto thecurved inner surface of the container` and moved bodily from the point of introduction circularly over the surfaceand longitudinally to the point of escape.

29. n an evaporating apparatus for material containing liquid, the combination of a tubular container having an operating suri face circular in cross-section, saidcontainer having adjacent one en( an inlet for vaporizable material, and an outlet adjacent its opposite end for the treated material,l means for heating the wall of the container, and means `continuously rotating rapidly adjacent the treating surface for positively engagino' the material YAfor .forcing it radially outward and cooperating with the container to force the material circularly and longitudinally of the axis ot the container to its point of discharge, vmeans being constructed and arranged to proxiniately hollow cylindrical stratum of the material in' Contact with the surface and having a. quiet central'zone and said container having^ a relatively large opening adjacent one end i'or the copious discharge of vapors from the central Zone.4

'ln testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES R. MARRE. TWitnesses.:

H. Mamme M. E. Lewis. i

maintain an ap'

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