US1415261A - Process of case hardening articles - Google Patents

Process of case hardening articles Download PDF

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US1415261A
US1415261A US437846A US43784621A US1415261A US 1415261 A US1415261 A US 1415261A US 437846 A US437846 A US 437846A US 43784621 A US43784621 A US 43784621A US 1415261 A US1415261 A US 1415261A
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articles
article
carburizing
case hardening
pot
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US437846A
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George C Nixon
Raab Frederick Charles
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
    • C23C8/64—Carburising
    • C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/4948—Gear shaping with specific gear material

Definitions

  • the usual method of preparing articles of steel and the like for carbu'rization consists in placing the several articles or article in a receptacle or pot which contains the carburizing materials in dry and powdered or granulated form.
  • the pot or receptacle is sealed to prevent the access of air to the same and said pot and contents thereof are then placed in a furnace and heated to a temperature sufiicient to carburize and harden the surface of the article or articles.
  • the foregoing process has been termed the dry case hardening process.
  • the chief objectof the present invention is to improve the process of carburizing or case hardening metal by applying the carburizing material to the article in such a manner that the carburizing material is secured to the article and associates. itself in all the superficial interstices thereof; and said carburizing material is applied to said surface in a relatively thick layer and under pressure.
  • This causes the carburizing material on the article to be hardened so that said articles with the carburizing material thereon can be prepared in quantities before the same are placed in the pots and can be handled and stacked without difficulty and without cracking or causing the separation of thecase hardeningmaterial from the articles to be carburized
  • FIG. 1 is a central sectional view illustrating a bevel gear which has been provided with carburizingmaterial preparatory to being subjected to the heat treatment.
  • Fig. 2 is a central sectional view of one form of mechanism for applying the case hardening material to the bevel gear shown in Fig. 1 under pressures which are greater than that obtained byhand pressure.
  • Fig. 3 is an elevational view of a plurality of coated articles, one of the same being shown insection, and said View illustrates thecompactness and durability of the carburizing coating applied to the article to be coated such that the same may be roughly handled or stacked, as shown.
  • Fig. 4 is a central vertical section through a pot or receptacle containing a plurality of beveled gears which have been provided with case hardening material, said gears and receptacle being in condition and in position for the heat treatment.
  • This invention consists in combining with any suitable carburizing material, but preferably in dust or finely divided form, a material adapted for converting it into a plas- Patented May 9, 1%22.
  • This carburizing material is then applied to the surface of the metal article in a relatively thick layer so that the carburizing material will be attached directly to the surface of'the article to be carburized and in immediate contact therewith.
  • the plastic or putty-like mass of carburiz- .ing material is placed upon the surface of the article to be carburizedand pressed upon said surface so as to fill any and all interstices or irregularities therein, so that it will continue to adhere to said surface throughout the handling of the article in the case hardening process.
  • a pressure of about fifty pounds per square inch may be used when the same is applied by hand, since said pressure is well within the power of individed manipulation, but if a greater pressure is desirable, mechanical means may be employed, as illustrated in Fi 2.
  • the mechanical means for applying the case-hardening material 12 to the bevel gear 10 under pressures greater than that within the ordinary range of manual manipulation, such as 1500 to 2000 pounds and the like, consists in a table 13. associated with which is a' plunger lt'and adjacent the plunger and suitably supported upon said table 13, is a centering plate 15.
  • the plunger 14 carrles a pressing ring 16, said"pressing ring being associated with a core ring '17 andan enclosing rin 18.
  • annular channel 19 is formed between the core ring 17 and the enclosing ring 18, which. channel exposes the teeth and other surfaces of the gear positioned upon the centering plate such that the case hardening material 12 may be secured thereto. stood that the case hardening material 12 is supplied to the annular channel 19, and pref- -erably is supplied by'hand such. that said channel. is substantially filled.
  • the plunger 14 is then moved towards the table 13, or vice versa, such that the pressing ring 16 seats itself in the annular channel 19 and forces the case hardening compound upon the exposed portion of the bevel gearfand causes the compound to adhere to said bevel gear such that the coated gear is adapted to receive handling without danger of cracking, chipping or removing .any of the case hardening compound from the surface desired to be case hardened.-
  • This invention therefore, permits articles to be coated at a point remote from the furnace where said articles are heated.
  • the dry method first described in the specification requires an excessive length of time for treatment, since the articles to be carburized are surrounded with a mass of carburizing material which is difficult for the heat to penetrate and the carburizing or case hardening in this process is not uniform since there is a lack of intimacy or contact between the articles to be carburized and the dry carburizing compound.
  • the contents thereof, other than the carburized articles contains considerable heat. and the pot also contains considerable heat and this heat, therefore, is lost when the pot and'contents are allowed to cool.
  • This invention is not limited to either the manner or means shown herein handling without danger of separation from.
  • the articles are then placed within the pot or re-, ceptacle and the latter placed in a furnace and heated to a sufiicient temperature for a suiiicient length of time to furnish the depth of case hardening desired.
  • FIGs. 3 and 4 a plurality of articles supplied with case hardening material are illustrated, and the same are shown in stacked relation in- Tt will be under-,
  • a stand or support is indicated by the numeral 20 and associated with the stand is a lid 21 which cooperates with the stand 20 to form a pot or receptacle adapted to be placed in a furnace.
  • the base is sealed to the lid by any suitable means such as that indicated by the numeral 22, and within the pot thus formed is positioned the several articles such as the stacked bevel gears, the teeth of which are covered with a relatively thick layer of carburizing material which was in a plastic form when it was applied -to the gear or metal article, but which when placed in said pot is of sufficient hardness to adhere to articles without danger of chipping or cracking of the coating.
  • the carburizing material may be formed into plastic condition in various ways and by various means, as desired. For instance, a twenty per cent "mixture of heavy tar or equivalent material with the carburizing material in powder or granular form, will article in 'a relatively thick layer and under the desired pressure provides that the case hardening material will remain in position on the article while the same is being trans"- ported to and prepared for the receptacle and while being placed therein and during theheatng process.
  • the plastic material will be hardened or baked hard on the-articleand will remain in such condition until the article has been case hardened and removed from the pot, whereupon the hardened material may be removed from the case hardened article in any convenient or suitable manner.
  • the process of carburizingmetal which process includes combining carburizing material in any suitable form With asubstance that renders it plastic and adherent, covering the portion of the surface A 10 to be carburized With a relatively'thick layer of the compound and causing the same to adhere to the portion of the article to be covered by applying pressure thereto, and then heating the article With the carburizing material thus secured thereon.

Description

G. c. NIXON AND F. C. RAAB.
PROCESS OF CASE HARDENING ARTICLES.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 1?, 1921.
1,41 5,26 1, waited May 9, 192 2,
2 SHEETS-SHEET I.
'INVENTORS 650265. '6, N/xQ/Y.
' BY fewze/m Omens 54/75 v I w A TTORNEYS.
G. CJNIXON AND F. C: RAABQ. PROCESS OF CASE HARQENING ARUCLES.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 17. 1921.
1,415,261 Patented May 9, 1922.,
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2,
INVENTOR5 650265 C,-/7'/xo/-/, F/EEDEE/CK CA /1245.5 64 45 A TT ORNEYS,
GEORGE C. NDCON AND FREDERIOK CHARLES RAAB, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.
PROCESS DIE CASE I-IARDENING ARTICLES.
Specification ofLetters Patent.
Application filed January 17, 1921. Serial No. 437,846.
-burizing or case hardening iron or steel.
The usual method of preparing articles of steel and the like for carbu'rizationconsists in placing the several articles or article in a receptacle or pot which contains the carburizing materials in dry and powdered or granulated form. The pot or receptacle is sealed to prevent the access of air to the same and said pot and contents thereof are then placed in a furnace and heated to a temperature sufiicient to carburize and harden the surface of the article or articles. The foregoing process has been termed the dry case hardening process.
The chief objectof the present invention is to improve the process of carburizing or case hardening metal by applying the carburizing material to the article in such a manner that the carburizing material is secured to the article and associates. itself in all the superficial interstices thereof; and said carburizing material is applied to said surface in a relatively thick layer and under pressure. This causes the carburizing material on the article to be hardened so that said articles with the carburizing material thereon can be prepared in quantities before the same are placed in the pots and can be handled and stacked without difficulty and without cracking or causing the separation of thecase hardeningmaterial from the articles to be carburized In the drawings Fig. 1 is a central sectional view illustrating a bevel gear which has been provided with carburizingmaterial preparatory to being subjected to the heat treatment. Fig. 2 is a central sectional view of one form of mechanism for applying the case hardening material to the bevel gear shown in Fig. 1 under pressures which are greater than that obtained byhand pressure. Fig. 3 is an elevational view of a plurality of coated articles, one of the same being shown insection, and said View illustrates thecompactness and durability of the carburizing coating applied to the article to be coated such that the same may be roughly handled or stacked, as shown. Fig. 4 is a central vertical section through a pot or receptacle containing a plurality of beveled gears which have been provided with case hardening material, said gears and receptacle being in condition and in position for the heat treatment.
p This invention consists in combining with any suitable carburizing material, but preferably in dust or finely divided form, a material adapted for converting it into a plas- Patented May 9, 1%22.
tic mass like putty or dough. This carburizing material is then applied to the surface of the metal article in a relatively thick layer so that the carburizing material will be attached directly to the surface of'the article to be carburized and in immediate contact therewith.
The plastic or putty-like mass of carburiz- .ing material is placed upon the surface of the article to be carburizedand pressed upon said surface so as to fill any and all interstices or irregularities therein, so that it will continue to adhere to said surface throughout the handling of the article in the case hardening process. A pressure of about fifty pounds per square inch may be used when the same is applied by hand, since said pressure is well within the power of individed manipulation, but if a greater pressure is desirable, mechanical means may be employed, as illustrated in Fi 2.
In the drawings 10 indicates tfie body portion of a bevel gear provided with teeth 11 and to which is applied the'carburizing material such that the teeth are covered with a relatively thick layer of the same. In Fig. 2 the mechanical means for applying the case-hardening material 12 to the bevel gear 10 under pressures greater than that within the ordinary range of manual manipulation, such as 1500 to 2000 pounds and the like, consists in a table 13. associated with which is a' plunger lt'and adjacent the plunger and suitably supported upon said table 13, is a centering plate 15. The plunger 14 carrles a pressing ring 16, said"pressing ring being associated with a core ring '17 andan enclosing rin 18. Thus an annular channel 19 is formed between the core ring 17 and the enclosing ring 18, which. channel exposes the teeth and other surfaces of the gear positioned upon the centering plate such that the case hardening material 12 may be secured thereto. stood that the case hardening material 12 is supplied to the annular channel 19, and pref- -erably is supplied by'hand such. that said channel. is substantially filled. The plunger 14 is then moved towards the table 13, or vice versa, such that the pressing ring 16 seats itself in the annular channel 19 and forces the case hardening compound upon the exposed portion of the bevel gearfand causes the compound to adhere to said bevel gear such that the coated gear is adapted to receive handling without danger of cracking, chipping or removing .any of the case hardening compound from the surface desired to be case hardened.-
This invention, therefore, permits articles to be coated at a point remote from the furnace where said articles are heated. The dry method first described in the specification requires an excessive length of time for treatment, since the articles to be carburized are surrounded with a mass of carburizing material which is difficult for the heat to penetrate and the carburizing or case hardening in this process is not uniform since there is a lack of intimacy or contact between the articles to be carburized and the dry carburizing compound. Also after the'charge, including the carburizin compound and the articles'to-be carburize is removed from the furnace, the contents thereof, other than the carburized articles, contains considerable heat. and the pot also contains considerable heat and this heat, therefore, is lost when the pot and'contents are allowed to cool. i
This invention, however, is not limited to either the manner or means shown herein handling without danger of separation from.
the surface of the article to be carburized.
After the carburizing material has been applied to the surface to be carburized, substantially in, the manner described, the articles are then placed within the pot or re-, ceptacle and the latter placed in a furnace and heated to a sufiicient temperature for a suiiicient length of time to furnish the depth of case hardening desired. InFigs. 3 and 4 a plurality of articles supplied with case hardening material are illustrated, and the same are shown in stacked relation in- Tt will be under-,
dicating the rough handling which said carburizing coated, articles are able to withstand without removal of the carburizing coating from the articles. In said figure a stand or support is indicated by the numeral 20 and associated with the stand is a lid 21 which cooperates with the stand 20 to form a pot or receptacle adapted to be placed in a furnace. The base is sealed to the lid by any suitable means such as that indicated by the numeral 22, and within the pot thus formed is positioned the several articles such as the stacked bevel gears, the teeth of which are covered with a relatively thick layer of carburizing material which was in a plastic form when it was applied -to the gear or metal article, but which when placed in said pot is of sufficient hardness to adhere to articles without danger of chipping or cracking of the coating.
The carburizing material may be formed into plastic condition in various ways and by various means, as desired. For instance, a twenty per cent "mixture of heavy tar or equivalent material with the carburizing material in powder or granular form, will article in 'a relatively thick layer and under the desired pressure provides that the case hardening material will remain in position on the article while the same is being trans"- ported to and prepared for the receptacle and while being placed therein and during theheatng process. After the heating proccss has continued for a suflicient length of time, the plastic material will be hardened or baked hard on the-articleand will remain in such condition until the article has been case hardened and removed from the pot, whereupon the hardened material may be removed from the case hardened article in any convenient or suitable manner.
The invention claimed is:
1. The process of carburizing metal, which process includes coveringthe ortion of the article to be carburized with adhering carbonaceous material under pressure suflicient to cause the same to rigidly adhere to the article and .form a relatively thick layer thereon,
and then heating the article with the carburizing material thus secured thereon.
2. The process of carburizing metal,
which process includes combining carburizin material in any suitable form with a su stance that renders it plastic and adherent, covering the portion of the metal ar ticle to be carburized with 'a layer of said compound, and pressing the same tightly on the surface of said metal article until the same adheres to said article and assumes a rigid form to permit handling, and then heating the article With the carburizing material thus secured thereon.
3. The process of carburizingmetal, which process includes combining carburizing material in any suitable form With asubstance that renders it plastic and adherent, covering the portion of the surface A 10 to be carburized With a relatively'thick layer of the compound and causing the same to adhere to the portion of the article to be covered by applying pressure thereto, and then heating the article With the carburizing material thus secured thereon.
In Witness whereof, We have hereunto affixed our signatures.
GEORGE C. NIXON. FREDERICK CHARLES RAAB.
US437846A 1921-01-17 1921-01-17 Process of case hardening articles Expired - Lifetime US1415261A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3368263A (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-02-13 Dexco Corp Method of making gears and the like
US4885831A (en) * 1988-09-26 1989-12-12 Dana Corporation Method for forming a contour hardened gear

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3368263A (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-02-13 Dexco Corp Method of making gears and the like
US4885831A (en) * 1988-09-26 1989-12-12 Dana Corporation Method for forming a contour hardened gear

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