US1408804A - Process of removing acids from glycerides - Google Patents
Process of removing acids from glycerides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1408804A US1408804A US492481A US49248121A US1408804A US 1408804 A US1408804 A US 1408804A US 492481 A US492481 A US 492481A US 49248121 A US49248121 A US 49248121A US 1408804 A US1408804 A US 1408804A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- soap
- glycerides
- oil
- neutral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 101100020619 Arabidopsis thaliana LATE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
Definitions
- This invention has for its object to provide a new process of treating crude oils and fats containing a high percentage of fatty acids, such as could only beused for soap manufacture, to yield neutral oils and fats suitable for alimentary use.
- Such a process must be cheap, simple and reliable, so that the loss of neutral oil is reduced to a minimum by separating soaps which contain only 5 to 15% of neutral oil (and 95 to 85% of faltty acid) instead of 40 to 80% of neutral o1
- I purify the crude oil as far as possible, and then dilute it with a solvent in suitable amount, whereupon I treat it with the calculated amount of alkaline substance to transform the free fatty acids into soaps whichonly contain a small quantity of neutral oil, so that the yield of purified neutral oil is increased.
- the solvent must be inert to alkali and a non-solvent for the soap at ordinary temperature.
- the concentration of the fatty acid in the solution is reduced in proportion to the volume of solvent which is added, so that it is possible to deacidify oils with high content of fatty acid which could not be treated satisfactorily in other ways, e. g. without dilution by a solvent, in such manneras to obtain satisfactory yields of neutral oil.
- the solution of crude oil is considerably less vis- .Specifica.tidn of Letters Patent.
- Such a soap has no smell of solvent nor has the recovered neutral oil'which if the treatment has been carefully performed contains no soap and is ready for reparation for alimentary purposes by deo orization.
- the treatment for deacidification before removal of the solvent is also extremely important in extraction plant in the oil and fat industry, since in this case a special admixture of oil with solvent is not necessary and the deacidification process can be interpolated as an additional step in the known process.
- a process for separating fatty acids from neutral fats in glycerides consisting in dissolving the latter in a solvent Which is non-solvent for soap and alkali, adding an alkali solution which forms soap With the aossoa free fatty acid, the soap being precipitated, whereas the neutral fat remains in solution, substantially as described.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
WILHELM GLEITZ, DECEASED, LATE OF HAMBURG, GERMANY, BY GUSTAV KAIPMEYER, ADMINISTRATOR, 0F HAMBURG, GERMANY.
PROCESS OF REMOVING ACIDS FROM GLYCERDES.
No Drawing.
T 0 all/whom it may concern:
'Be it known that WILHELM GLEITZ, deceased, late citizen of the German Republic, and residin at Hamburg, Germany, represented by USTAV KAPMEYER, of Hamburg, administrator of WILHELM GLEI'r-zs estate, invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Process for Removing Acids from Glycerides, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Germany, No. 306361, filed August 25, 1915,) of which the following is a specification.
The usual processes employed for removing acids from glycerides have the disadvantage that the soaps which are obtained remove substantial quantities of neutral oil which adheres tenaciously to the soap and cannot be separated by centrifugalization, pressing or extraction, to be used for more valuable purposes, e. g. lubricants.
This invention has for its object to provide a new process of treating crude oils and fats containing a high percentage of fatty acids, such as could only beused for soap manufacture, to yield neutral oils and fats suitable for alimentary use. Such a process must be cheap, simple and reliable, so that the loss of neutral oil is reduced to a minimum by separating soaps which contain only 5 to 15% of neutral oil (and 95 to 85% of faltty acid) instead of 40 to 80% of neutral o1 According to my invention, I purify the crude oil as far as possible, and then dilute it with a solvent in suitable amount, whereupon I treat it with the calculated amount of alkaline substance to transform the free fatty acids into soaps whichonly contain a small quantity of neutral oil, so that the yield of purified neutral oil is increased. The solvent must be inert to alkali and a non-solvent for the soap at ordinary temperature.
The concentration of the fatty acid in the solution is reduced in proportion to the volume of solvent which is added, so that it is possible to deacidify oils with high content of fatty acid which could not be treated satisfactorily in other ways, e. g. without dilution by a solvent, in such manneras to obtain satisfactory yields of neutral oil. The solution of crude oil is considerably less vis- .Specifica.tidn of Letters Patent.
Application filed August 15, 1921.
as foodstuffs orv Patented Mar. 7, 1922. Serial No. 492,431.
g. at ordinary tempera- I ing point of the solvent employed and then again cooled to the initial temperature. The solution of neutral oil which is to be separated or filtered is separated from the solvent by warming and the soap, which if a concentrated lye has been used, is in the form of a solid mass, can be washed out with fresh solvent, if desired with application of heat. The soa may then be treated with water and a litt e fresh lye to hydrolyze any traces of neutral oil still present, when a satisfactory soap is obtained which can be turned into commercial soap in known manner so that decomposition of the byproduct soap by mineral acid is avoided and the liquors used for deacidification are not lost.
Such a soap has no smell of solvent nor has the recovered neutral oil'which if the treatment has been carefully performed contains no soap and is ready for reparation for alimentary purposes by deo orization.
The explanation of the small content of neutral oil in the by-product soap is that its single particles or crystals are combined in the form of a. sponge whose numerous com municating and almost microscopically small 4 canals are formed because of the presence of the unsaponifiable solvent and thus remain open; when the soapis exposed to pressure, the liquid is removed from these channels so that practically pure soap is left. Such a process requires an apparatus which is totally closed whose gaseous space is filled with carbon dioxide or attached to a central condenser in order to avoid loss of solvent.
The treatment for deacidification before removal of the solvent is also extremely important in extraction plant in the oil and fat industry, since in this case a special admixture of oil with solvent is not necessary and the deacidification process can be interpolated as an additional step in the known process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in What manner the same is to be performed, I declare that What I claim is:
1. A process for separating fatty acids from neutral fats in glycerides, consisting in dissolving the latter in a solvent Which is non-solvent for soap and alkali, adding an alkali solution which forms soap With the aossoa free fatty acid, the soap being precipitated, whereas the neutral fat remains in solution, substantially as described.
, 2. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the neutralized oil solution is raised to the boiling point of the solvent and again cooled after which the soap is separated from the solution of neutral oil, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature.
GUSTAV KAPMEYER,
Administrator of Wilhelm Gleitz, de-
ceased.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US492481A US1408804A (en) | 1921-08-15 | 1921-08-15 | Process of removing acids from glycerides |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US492481A US1408804A (en) | 1921-08-15 | 1921-08-15 | Process of removing acids from glycerides |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1408804A true US1408804A (en) | 1922-03-07 |
Family
ID=23956419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US492481A Expired - Lifetime US1408804A (en) | 1921-08-15 | 1921-08-15 | Process of removing acids from glycerides |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1408804A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2576958A (en) * | 1946-12-04 | 1951-12-04 | Mattikow Morris | Refining of animal and vegetable oils |
-
1921
- 1921-08-15 US US492481A patent/US1408804A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2576958A (en) * | 1946-12-04 | 1951-12-04 | Mattikow Morris | Refining of animal and vegetable oils |
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