US1403103A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

E. B. PETRIE.

TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED OCTI 18, 1920.

l4;@3 1@8 Patented. Jan. M1922 4 SHEETS-SHEET l- E B. PETRIE.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 18, I920.

Patented Jan. W, 1922..

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

mwwa,

E. B. PETRIE.

TUBBHIE.

APPLICATION FILED 0011s. 1920.

Patented Jan. 10, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

avwmtoz QQJMM Lmwwu E. B. PETRIE.

TURBINE.

APFLlCATlON FILED OCT. 18. 1920.

Patented. Jan. 10, 1922.,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ENDS BLANCHARD FETRIE, F BROOKLYN NEW YORK.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. id, 11922.

Application filed October 18, 1920. Serial No. 417,780.

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, Enos BLANCHARD P-ETRLE, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Brooklyn, State of New York, United States of America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines, and has for its object to produce an engine of this type which will be useful in all fields of industry where engines are employed.

The main object of the present invention is to produce a turbine in which the direct passage of the motive fluid from the inlet ports to the exhaust port will be prevented in an effective manner and by the employment of simple and easily operable means.

The engine of the present invention furthermore is designed with a view to reducing the initial costof production and of subsequent upkeep, and, for a given size of engine, to produce more power with a given quantity of fuel than has heretofore been obtained. The present engine is therefore characterized by simplicity of construction and the reduction to a minimum of losses due to friction.

The turbine according to this invention, in its broadest aspect, comprises a casing, a rotor within the casin keyed to the shaft to be driven, a plurality of )OClZGtS formed about the circumference of the rotor, an enlarged head on the casing, inlet ports in aid head for the admission of motive fluid to the rotor, valves controlling said ports, means for conducting motive fluid to said ports, an exhaust conduit in said head, adjustable abutments between said inlet ports and the exhaust conduit, a clearance space between the outer extremities of the partitions between the pockets and the inside of the casing, fixed abutmcnts on the head extending into said clearance space between each inlet port and adjustable abutment and each adjustable abutment and the exhaust conduit respectively, the latter extensions being narrower than the width of a pocket, the former being slotted to permit motive fluid in the clearance space to pass thereby, and the adjustable abutments being wider than the width of a pocket in the rotor.

A further object is to produce a compact rotary multistage engine, comprising preferably a high-pressure and a low-pressure engine arranged to operate in unison.

- In order that the invention may be readily understood two examples of engines constructed in accordance therewith will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure l is a longitudinal view, partly in section, of an engine designed for highpressure work constructed according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a transverse section of the engine shown in A igure 1.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view showing a high-pressure engine arranged in conjunction with low-pressure engine, the former discharging its exhaust motive fluid into the latter.

Figure i is an end view of a high pressure engine and a low pressure engine constructed and arranged according to this invention.

Figure 5 is a sectional view, at a right angle to Figure l, of the engine shown in the latter figure.

In the several figures of the drawings, like parts are indicated by similar refer ence numerals.

Referring more particularly to Figures 1 and 2, 1 is the bed plate, 2 the casing of the engine provided at the upper part with an enlarged head 3 to accommodate the inlet and exhaust valves and other mechanism hereinafter to be more fully described, and i are the end plates or cylinder heads of the casing 2 which may be conveniently secured to said casing by means of bolts 5. The end plates are preferably formed in two parts as shown to facilitate their removal.

6 is the engine shaft carried in bearings 7 secured to the bed plate 1 of the engine by means of bolts 8. The bed plate extends far enough aft, that is to say, to the left of Figure 1, to accommodate the usual driving collar (not shown).

Keyed to the shaft 6 by a key 9 is a rotor 10 comprising a sleeve 11 encircling the shaft, arms 12 extending radially therefrom and a ring 13, in the outer face of which. are formed a series of pockets 14E extending circumferentially around the same, each of said pockets 14 being separated from those next adjacent thereto by partitions or walls 15. Preferably the pockets are, in transverse section, of the shape shown in Figure 2, that is to say, they are defined by two adjacent partitions 15 and have sloping bottoms 16 making the pockets deeper adjacent one partition than the other partition.

The pockets 14 extend longitudinally practically the whole length of the ring 13 as will best be seen from Figure 1, the materialof thering being left as shown at 17 to form the end walls of the pockets.

The sleeve 11, arms 12 and ring 13 con stituting the rotor 10 are all formed in one piece and are designed to produce a coinparatively hollow structure thus avoid ng the employment of waste metal and giving a light and compact rotating member.

Between the engine casing 2 and the outer circumference of the ring 13 is a clearance space 18. v 19 and 20 are the inlet conduits for the motive fluid, each of which are provided with lateral extensions 21 which open into inlet ports 22 formed in the head 3 ot the casing 2. The ports 22 are respectively provided with valves 23, 2 for controlling the admission of the motive fluid, and said ports and valves extend longitudinally oi? the eugine for a distance equal to, or practically so, the length of the pockets 1%. The sides of the head 3 are closed by plates 2: secured to the head by bolts 26.

27 is the exhaust conduit. Between each of the inlet ports 22 and the exhaust conduits 27 are arranged in suitable openings formed in the head 3 adjustable abutments 28, 29 each provided with a base 30 curved to correspond to the rotor pcri ihery, a screwed stem 31 and a head 32, which latter extends above the engine casing 2 to permit of operation by any suitable means. The base 30 of each adjustable abutment is adapted to contact with the outer circumference of the ring 13.

The operation of the engine may be orscribed as follows Assuming'thatthe engine is to rotate in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 2, the abutment 28 is closed or lowered until its base 30 contacts lightly with the pcriphcry of the ring 13 as shown in said figure, and valve 24 is closed, whilst the valve 23 is opened and abutment 29 is raised. The motive fluid will then pass through the pipe 19 and lateral extensions thereof at the right hand side of the figure into the inlet port 22 at that side of the figure, thence past the open valve 23 and its energy will be impressed on the rotor 10 by reason of its cortact with the partitions 15, and the rotor 10, and through it the shaft (3, will be volved in the direction of the arrow in. Figure 2. Part of the motive fluid thus admi ted will travel around the clearance space 18 between the casing 2 and the ring and such part will constantly impress its energy on the partitions 15 and thus a constant or continual driving force, in addition to the initial'impulse given to them on coming into reach the conduit 27 when the motive fluid is exhausted therefrom into said conduit 27 and thence passes to a condenser, or into a low-pressure engine, which latter arrangement will be hereinafter described in connection with Figures 3, 4 and 5.

In order to run the engine in the reverse direction the valve 23 is closed, the abutment 29 is lowered or closed, the valve 2% opened andthe abutment 2S raised. The action will then be exactly as above described, except, of" course, that the rotor 10 and with it the shaiit 6, will revolve in the opposite direction. It desired the valve 23 and the abutment 29 may be so interconnected that by the operation of a single lever or other operating means they may both be opened or closed by a single movement oi? said lever or other means. The same arrangement may be effected in connection with valve 2i and abutment 28.

Between the valve 23 and the adjustable abutment the head 3 of the casing is extended into the clearancc'space 18 forming a fixed abutment as shown at 33, and between the valve and the adjustable abutment 2,) the head 3 is similarly extended as shown at 34 forming a similar fixed abutment. in order to permit the motive fluid in the clearance space 18 to pass said fixed abutnients 33, 34, the latter are provided with a series of slots indicated by the dotted line in Figure 2, forming a comb-like structure.

Again, between the exhaust conduit 27 and the adjustable abntments 28, 29 respectively are further fixed abutments 35, 36 extending into the clearance space 18. it will beundcrstood that the fixed abutments 33, 3st, 35 and 36*are not extended to such an extent that they will contact with the I The width of the abutments 35, 36 is less than the width or. a pocket but the opening be low the open adpisiiable abutment is greater than the width of a pocket so as to permit the motive fluid in the clearance space 18 above the pockets about to exhaust to be drawn out into the exhaust together with the fluid exhausting from those pockets.

The purpose of the adjustable abutments 28, 29 is to ensure the incoming-fluid acting on the partitions in one direction only, art is to say, if the rotor is to revolve in he direction of the arrow in Figure 2, the

fluid in the pocket immediately followllO- conduit 27, that is to say, in Figure 2,

motive fluid entering past the open valve must be controlled to exert its energy in the direction of the arrow only. lln order therefore to prevent any of the fluid acting on the partitions in the opposite direction by escaping to the left of Figure 2, the abutment 28 is closed down into the clearance space 18 when said valve 23 is opened. l l hen closed the bases 30 of the abutments 28, 29 close the open ends or the pockets 14: and prevent the motive fluid entering thereinto.

The adjustable abutments 28. 29 are constructed to act as atinely adjustable packing between inlet and exhaust.

To prevent the escape oi? fluid from the ends of the pockets that is to say, past the end walls 17, said Walls are each formed with an integral circular 37 and this flange actingin conjunction with a ring 38 oil any suitable packing material forms a lock past which it is impossible for the fluid to escape.

It is to be observed that bet 'een the c inn' 2 and the flange 3'? is a clearance 39 to allow for slight longitudinal movements in the shaft 6 and the ll) with respect to the casing Such movements will be reduced to a minimum, however, by reason of the fact that the bed plate 1 and the ing 2 are cast integral and that the bearings T for the shaft 6 and the usual driving collar are bolted or otherwise rigidly connected to the bed plate. Should any such slight longitudinal variation take place it can readily be indicated by marking the she ft in the WGll-lKDOWIl manner and correcting the variation upon observance.

Coming now to Figures 3, i and 5, the rst figure shows diagrammatically a high- )ressure engine A and a low-pressure euine 13 arranged side by side on the shaft the first-mentioned engine supplying its .e bv

eirhaust fluid to the low-pressure eng. means of a connection C.

If desired a second hi qlrprcssure engine could be arranged on the shaft 6 on the side opposite to that at which engine A is placcz'l and with such an arrangement h ines would be arranged 1 ply their e.. raust fluid to the low-pres sure engine B.

' 1i s and 5 shov the development oi? ingement shown in Figure general ay the construction oi this le engine is identical with that of t j the pressure engine above described. The

hi exhaust motive fluid from the conduit 27 is hoi'veve 7 led to valve chamber in WlllCll is arranged the two-way valve 51. From this chamber extend tvvo conduits WlHCll respectively real the motive flur to 1 I. r j i m, 1 l i 51 1 uvo inlet ports simi LQ tnose LCSCllOoC above, number-ed The valve 51 is operable by the lever 54 but an other suitable means may be provided for the same purpose. 55 is the exhaust conduit of this lowpressure engine.

When the valve is in the position shown in dotted lin s in Figure 4 the motive fluid will enter the low-pressure machine by Way of the conduit 52 and the en une Wlll be ,v 1 L. D r driven in the rorivar direction. When 1t 18 desired to reverse the direction oi rotation 7 the valve 51 is operated to close the conduit and open the conduit 53.

The casing 2 for the multi-stage engine ustdescribed is preterablv cast in one )iece' J A as shown in Figure 5.

ii high-pressure engine constructed ac- ;ording to this invention having, say, an eight inch cylinder with a twenty-four inch stroke will work in unison and very ellicie tly with a loiv-pressinfe engine having an eighteen inch cylinder and a fifty-four inch stroke.

ll hcre the rotor is of considerable length in longitudinal direction it is advisable, in order to ensure that the adjustable abutments Q8 move freely and evenly on the opening or closing of said valves, two or more dolphin pins 56 5'7 (Figure 5) may be provided at suitable distances apart to ellect this object.

T l we understood that Where the hereei ate in one direction only the inlet pipe 2 inlet port 22 at the left hand side of igure 7 valve and adjustable abutment 29 would be suppressed.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A rotary engine comprising a casing, a rotor Within the casing keyed to the shaft to be dri *en, a plurwl y Oil pockets formed. in the circumference oi the rotor, an enlarged head on the casing, inlet ports in said head for the admission of motive fluid to the rotor. valves controllingsaid ports, means for conducting motive fluid to said ports, an

- exhaust conduit in said head, adjustable abutincnts between said inlet ports and the exhaust conduit, a clearance space between the outer extremities oi? the partitions between the pockets and the inside of the casing iii- 6d abutmcnts on the head extending into said clearance space between each inlet port and adjustable abutment and each adjustable ab and the exhaust conduit respcctivelr. tne latter extensions being narrower than the Width of a pocket, the former being slotted to permit motive fluid in the clearance space to pass thereby and the adjustable aluitn'ients being wider than the Width oi? a pocket in the rotor.

2. A turbin comprising a casing a bed plate :liormcd integral with the casing, a driving collar and bearings carried by and secured to the bed plate, a shaft to be driven mounted in said bearings, a rotor Within the casing keyed to said shaft, a plurality of pockets formed in the circumference of the rotor, an enlarged head on the casing, inlet ports in said head for the admission of motive fluid to the rotor, valves controlling said ports, means for conducting motive fluid to said ports, an exhaust conduit in said head, adjustable abutni ents between said inlet ports and the exhaust conduit, a clearance space between the outer extremities of the partitions between the pockets and the inside of the casing, fixed abutments on the head extending into said clearance space between each inlet port and adjustable abutment and each adjustable abutment and the exhaust conduit respectivley, the later extensions be ing narrower than the width of a pocket, the former being slotted to permit motive fluid in the clearance space to pass thereby, and the adjustable abutments being wider than the width of a pocket in the rotor.

3. A turbine comprising a casing, a shaft to be driven, a sleeve keyed to the shaft, arms extending radially from the sleeve, a ring at the outer ends of the arms, a. plurality of pockets formed in the circumference of the ring, an enlarged head on the casing, inlet ports in said head for the admission of motive fluid to the rotor, valves controlling said ports, means for conducting motive fluid to said ports, an exhaust conduit in said head, adjustable abutments between said inlet ports and the exhaust conduit, a clearance space between the outer extremities of the partitions between the pockets and the inside of the casing, fixed abutments on the head extending into said clearance space between each inlet port and adjust-able abutment and each adjustable abutment and the exhaust conduit respectively, the latter extensions being narrower than the width of a pocket, the "former being slotted to permit motive fluid in the clearance space to pass thereby, and the adjustable abutments being wider than the width of a pocket in the rotor.

a. A turbine comprising a casing, a shaft to be driven, a sleeve keyed to the shaft, arms extending radially from the sleeve, a ring at the outer ends of the arms, a plurality of pockets formed in the'circumfercnce oi the ring, defined in a transverse direction by partitions, and in a longitudinal direction by the upstanding ends of the ring, an enlarged head on the casing, inlet ports in said head for the admission of motive fluid to the rotor, valves controlling said ports, means for conducting motive fluid to said ports, an exhaust conduit in said head, adjustable abutments between said inlet ports and the exhaust conduit, a clearance space between the outer extremities of the partitions between the pockets and the inside of the casing, fixed abutments on the head extending into said clearance space between cach inlet port and adjustable abutment and each adjustable abutment and the exhaust conduit respectively, the latter extensions being narrower than the width of a pocket, the former being slotted to permit motive fluid in the clearance space to pass thereby, and the adjustable abutments being wider than the width of a pocket in the rotor.

A multi-stage turbine comprising a high-pressure engine and a low-pressure engine, each including a rotor keyed to the shaft to be driven and enclosed within a casing, a plurality of pockets "formed about the circumference of the rotor, an enlarged head on the casing, inlet ports in said head,

an exhaust conduit in said head, adjustable abutments between said inlet ports and the exhaust conduit, a clearance space between the outer extremities of the partitions between the pockets and the inside of the casing, lixed abutments on the head extending into said clearance space between each inlet port and adjustable abutment and each adjustable abutment and the exhaust conduit respectively, the latter extensions being narrower than the width of a pocket, the former being slotted to permit motive fluid in the clearance space to pass thereby, and the adjustable abutments being wider than the width of a pocket in the rotor; valves controlling the inlet ports of the high-pressure engine, a valve chamber connected to the exhaust conduit of said engine, a valve in said chamber, and two conduits leading from said chamber to the respective inlet ports of the low-pressure engine, said latter valve being arranged to open one of said conduits and close the other of said conduits, for the purpose specified.

6. A turbine comprising a casing, a shaft to be driven, a sleeve keyed to the shaft, arms extending radially from the sleeve, a ring at the outer ends or the arms, a plurality of pockets formed in the circumt'er- "once of the ring, defined in a transverse direction by partitions, and in a longitudinal direction by the upstanding ends of the ring, an integral circular flange formed on the outside of each of said upstanding ends, a

packing ring interposed between each of said flanges and the corresponding end plate of the casing, an enlarged head on the casing, inlet ports in said head for the admission o1 motive fluid to the rotor, valves controlling said ports, means for conducting motive fluid to said ports, an exhaust conduit in said head, adjustable abutments between said inlet ports and the exhaust conduit, a clearance space between the outer extremities of the partitions between the pockets and the inside of the casing, fixed abutments on the head extending into said clearance space between each inlet port and adjustable abutment and each adjustable abutment and the exhaustconduit respectively, the letter In testimony whereof I afiix my signature extensions being narrower than ihe Width in the presence of two witnesses.

of a pocket, the former bein slotted to ermit fnotive fluid in, the elegrance specs to ENOS BLANCHARD PETRIE' pass thereby, and the adjustable abutments Witnesses:

being Wider than the Width of a pocket in MARY E. SHEA, the rotor. MARJORIE STEELE.

Images