US1402308A

US1402308A - Piston for internal-combustion motors

Info

Publication number: US1402308A
Application number: US106503A
Authority: US
Inventors: Louis P Mooers
Original assignee: Cleveland Trust Co
Current assignee: Cleveland Trust Co
Priority date: 1916-06-28
Filing date: 1916-06-28
Publication date: 1922-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 1939-01-03

Description

L. P. MOOERS.

PISTON FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE28, 1916. RENEWED JUNE 21. 1920. 1,402,308.

Patented Jan. 3, 1922.,

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

"NIH" Hlllll ll lll Patented Jan. 3, 1922.,

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNH 'TAlf FATE LOUIS P. MOOERS, 0F CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY DTRECT AND MENTS, TO THE CLEVELAND TRUST COMPANY, OF CLEVMA.

RATION OF OHIO.

NT @FFHCE.

MESNE ASSIGN- OHIO, A Conro- PISTON FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTORS.

releases.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed .Tune 28, 1916, Serial No. 106,503. Renewed Tune 21, 1920. Serial No. 390,623.

To all who in it may concem:

Be it known that I, LOUIS P. 'Moonns, a

citizen of the United States, residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Pistons for Internal-Combustion Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to pistons for use particularly in internal combustion motors.

One of-the objects of my invention is to produce a simple, light, durable and efficient skirted piston peculiarly adapted to meet the conditions which exist within an internal combustion motor cylinder, including the stresses and strains imposed upon the piston, principally during the explosion stroke and by the high heat generated at this time, which heat must be efficiently and economically (a) utilized in the translalation of heat into mechanical energy and (b) that not translated, into mechanical energy properly dissipated.-

y present invention comprises improvements on the joint invention of Edward O. Spillman and myself, disclosed in Letters Patent of the United States No. 1,092,870. It contemplates simplifying the construction and manufacture of pistons of this patented type by making them in two or more parts,

if desired of different materials, and of con-' siderably lightening the construction as compared with the integral cast structure Purely for the purposes -of disclosure herein I have selected to illustrate and describe one construction of internal combustion motor, skirted piston and a modification thereof embodying my improvements In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a side eleva-.

tion of a piston embodying my improvements.

2 is a section on the line 2-2, F ig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 33, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a bottom plan View.

1 is the skirt, body or guide portion of the piston, which may be made of a section of'steel tubing or a steel stamping, having diametrically opposed apertures through it, 1*, 1 concentric, with the axis of thewrist pin bosses, to permit the insertion and withdrawal of the wrist pin, in the well known manner, as desired. The section 1 may be inder walls with which it is adapted to coact and co-operate, that it should not be necessary to machine this section or guide portion of the piston, understood that if desired it may be machined or treated in any preferred mechanical manner.

3 indicates as an entirety a combined top or piston head and connector. It comprises an end wall 3, an outer peripheral wall 3 formed preferably with suitable piston ring grooves 3 and a downwardly or inwardly extending annular: section 3. section 3 is expanded at its lower end to have a tubular section 3, the outer wall of which engages with the inner wall of the skirt 1 near the bottom of the latter. Intermediate its ends the section 3 is preferably formed with dimetrically opposed aligned annular

wrist pin bosses

3,3 one of which may have a downwardly or inwardly extending lug 3 formed with a screw-threaded opening to receive in the'well known manner a suitable locking bolt or screw for the wrist pin. The periphery of the section 3 may be recessed, as indicated, at 3 to provide drainage ducts for the lubricant which may collect between the skirt 1 and the lower end may be made'unusually light, durable and efficient by having. the skirt 1 a section of steel tubing and the combined head and connector a casting of metallic alloy having relatively low specific gravity, such for example as a suitable aluminum alloy. Furthermore. the casting for the part 3 may be not only of metallic alloy having relatively low-specific gravity, but also possessing a high coefficient -of heat conductivity, in which instance the heat necessarily dissipated by the piston will be efiiciently dissipated by the web or tie piece 3 so as to insure that the skirt 1 will be maintained at a relatively low temperature under all normal working conditions.

Patented Jan. 3, 1922- although it will be This annular Where the casting for the combined head and tie piece 3 is made of a metallic alloy having a relatively low specific gravity and high coefiicient of heat conductivity, such as an aluminum alloy, the connection between its lower end 3 and the adjacent wall of the skirt 1 may be made in any suitable mechanical manner, as for example by rivets 4, counter-sunk in the sleeve 1, as indicated in dotted lines in Figs. 2 and 4.

It will be understood that the sleeve or skirt 1 may be constructed so as snugly to fit the inner walls of the motor cylinder, whereas the head 3' may be given a considerable amount of clearance between its outer periphery and the inner wall of the cylinder to allow for all necessary expansion of the head due to the high temperatures to which it is subjected. The heat-absorbed by the head is transferred downwardly by the connecting piece 3 to the lower end of the skirt 1, and much of it is dissipated by radiation, so that the skirt is kept relatively cool and may be readily lubricated to provide and maintain the proper working relationship between it and the inner wall of the motor cylinder with which it co-acts. The fit between the skirt and the inner wall of the cylinder, as before indicated, may be a snug sliding fit, and the area of the skirt which co-acts with the inner wall of the motor cylinder is such as to insure against slapping or rapping of the piston against the inner wall of the cylinder. In fact, objectionable so-called piston slap, incident to the operation of numerous types of pistons for use in internal combustion motors, substantially is eliminated by the use of apiston constructed in accordance with my invention. Furthermore, a piston embodying my improvements herein described practically eliminates so-called oil pumping or transfer of an undue amount of oil or lubricant from the crank case to the upper end of the piston, resulting in undesirable smoking and undue and troublesome carbonization, among other things.

Due to the fact that the sleeve or skirt is maintained relatively cool under all normal working conditions, the possibilities of scoring of the inner walls of the cylinder are practically eliminated.

The upper end of the skirt 1 is separated from the head 3 by an air gap. The presence of this air gap or air space between the upper edge of the skirt or body section .1 and the lower edge of the peripheral portion 3 of the piston head, insures that the heat absorbed by the piston head principally will be transmitted inwardly and downwardly so that such portion of it as does reach the skirt or body by convection will do so at the lower end of the skirt and will not be suflicient in amount to cause the necessary expansion of the skirt to effect binding between the skirt and inner wall of the cylinder or scoring. It will be understood that my invention contemplates any sort of a separated relationship between the upper end of the skirt and the adjacent head 3 because of which heat will not be transmitted efficiently or readily from said head to the skirt. It will be understood that this relationship might be that even of apoor mechanical fit plr joint which would be a poor conductor of eat.

It will be noted that my composite piston may be made relatively light in weight, which is of material advantage in assisting in reducing the weight of the reciprocating parts of the motor.

Pistons of my improved construction will be found to operate compartively noiselessly, smoothly and efficiently within the cylinders of internal combustion motors.

To those skilled in the art, many modifications of and widely differing embodiments and applications of my invention will suggest themselves, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. My disclosures and the descriptions herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.

What I claim is:

1. A composite piston for an internal combustion motor, comprising a head having an annular, grooved, piston r ng carrying flange and a connector extendlng downwardly from said head and provided intermediate its ends with aligned wrist pin bosses, said head and connector belng cast integrally of an aluminum alloy, and a sheet iron guide section into which said connector extends and to the lower end of which the lower end of said connector is secured, there being a relatively small air gap between the upper end of said guide section and the adjacent edge of said head.

2. A composite piston for an nternal combustion motor, comprising a head externally grooved to carry piston rings and a connector extending downwardly from said head and having formed intermediate its ends a pair of aligned wrist pin bosses, said head and connector being cast integrally of a metallic alloy having a lower specific gravity than iron, and a sheet iron guide section into which said connector extends and to the lower end of which the lower end of said connector is secured, there being a relatively small air gap between the upper end of said guide section and the adjacent edge of said head. I

3. A composite piston for an mternal combustion motor, comprising a head, wrist pin bosses, a web between said head and bosses and an extension below sald bosses cast integrally, and a separately formed wear-resisting guide section shaped snugly to fit the inner walls of the motor cylinder walls of the motor cylinder and secured to said extension of said casting below the wrist pin bosses therein.

5. A .composite piston for an internal combustion motor, comprising a head, wrist pin bosses, a web between said head and bosses and an extension below said bosses cast integrally of 'a metallic alloy having a lower specific gravity than iron, and a guide section of iron connected below said wrist pin bosses to said extension on the casting and having its upper edge separated from the adjacent wall of the head by a relatively poor heat conducting air gap.

6. A composite piston for an internal combustion motor, comprising a head, wrist pin bosses, a web between said head and bosses and an extension below said bosses cast integrally of a metallic alloy having a lower specific gravity than iron, and a sheet metal guide section secured below said wrist pin bosses to said extension on the casting and having its upper edge separated from the adjacent wall of the head by an air gap.

7. A composite piston for an internal combustion motor, comprising a head, aligned wrist pin bosses, a connecting web between the head and the bosses and an annular extension below the bosses cast integrally of a metallic alloy having relatively low specific gravity and shaped to fit relatively loosely within the inner walls of the motor cylinder, and an iron wear-resisting guide section adapted snugly to fit the inner walls of the motor cylinder and'secure'd to said annular extension beneath said wrist pin bosses.

8. A piston comprising a head member, having an active end and an axially extended portion of smaller diameter than the active end. and extended to a distance therefrom; and a skirted cross head member formed independently of the head member and comprising a skirt portion overlying the axially extended smaller portion of the head portion, and radially distanced therefrom, and means for attaching said cross head member to the head member at a point distant from the active end of the head portion. 9. A piston comprising a head section having an active end and an axially extended portion of smaller diameter than the active end and extended to a distance therefrom, said axially extended portion carrying means for receiving a-wrist pin; a skirted cross head member formed independently of the head member and comprising a skirt portion overlying the axially extended smaller portion of the head member and pin receiving portion; and means for attaching said cross head member to the head member at a point distant from the active end of the head portion.

10. A composite piston for an internal combustion motor, comprising a head member, wrist pin bosses, means connecting said head member and wrist pin bosses and an extension below said bosses cast integrally of a metallic alloy having a lower specific gravity and higher coeflicient of heat conductivity than iron, and a wear resisting guide section formed of a metal having a greater degree of hardness than said head connected to said casting and having its upper edge separated from. said head by a relatively poor heat conducting air gap and its lower edge disposed at a point below said wrist pin bosses.

11. A piston comprising a head member having an active end, aligned wrist pin bosses and connections between said head and wrist pin bosses cast integrally, a guide portion formed independently of said casting and comprising wear resisting surfaces adapted in normal operation to engage the walls of the engine cylinder, and means for attaching said guide portion to said casting at a point distant from the active end of the head member.

12. A piston for internal combustion engines formed in two parts, one of which is made of metallic alloy having a lower specific gravity and higher coeflicient of heat conductivity than iron and comprises a head portion, wrist pin bosses and an extens on beneath said bosses, and the other of which parts is made of a metal of greater degree of hardness and greater wear resisting characteristics for rubbing contact with the cylinder walls than said first described part, and means for attaching said parts together at a point distant from the active end of the head portion.

13. A composite piston for an internal combustion motor, comprising a head, wrist pin bosses and connecting parts between said head and bosses cast integrally of a metallic alloy having a lower specific gravity thanriron, and a guide section of iron attached to said connecting parts and having its upper edge parts separated from the ad acent wall of the head by an air gap.

14:. A composite piston for an internal combustion motor, comprising a head, wrist pin bosses and connecting parts between said head and bosses cast integrally of a metallic alloy having a low specific gravity in comparison with iron, and a cylinder ductin air gap provided between the upper part 0 the guide section and the lower part of the head.

15. A composite piston for an internal 5 combustion engine comprising a head, wrist pin bosses and connections between said head and bosses cast integrally of a metallic alloy having a lower specific gravity and higher coeflicient of heat conductivity than 10 iron, and a guide section of iron connected