US1401320A - Speed-governor for engines or motor devices - Google Patents

Description

L. A. DARLING. SPEED GOVERNOR FOR'ENGINES R MOTOR DEVICES.

APPUCATION FILED MAR QY I918- 1,401,320. 1 Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

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L. A. DARLING.

SPEED- GOVERNOR FOR ENGINES OR MOTOR DEVICES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR 27,19I8- '1,4.01,320. Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

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,UNITED' STA ES.

PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS A. DARLING, .or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNQR 'ro nLHcrRIc SERVICE'SUIBPLIES COMPANY, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A oonronm T1011 01 rENNsYLvANIA.

Specification of Letters latent, V

Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

Application filed March 27,1918. Serial No. 225,016.

'T b all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS A. DARLING, a citizen of the United States, residing 1n the city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Speed-Governors or En 'nes or Motor Devices, whereof the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

' ling the supply of motive medium, in combination with means or devices also controlled by the speed govennor for applying a brake-load of varying intensity, provided the speed of the motor exceeds a predeter- 4 mined point, through defective control of the motive medium by said governor, or

from other causes.

In the drawings, which show by way of illustration one embodiment of the invention, Figure I, is a view, partly in side elevation and partly in axial section, showing a turbine generator embodying my improve ments.

Fig. II, is an enlarged detail view partly in similar section and partly in side elevation showing the automatic overnor and the devices associated therewith, the governor element and connections being represented as in a different working position from that indicated in Fig. I.

Fi III, is a view similar to that of Fig. II, s owing the pa s in a further changed position, i. 6., that hich corresponds with the application of a friction brake-load to the turbine.

Fig. IV, is a detail view showing the throttle valve with the steam ports wide open. I

bine generator which is especially designed for use in steam locomot-ive'electric headlight service. It is extremely important in devices of this character to obtain a close and steady control under wide changes of 'load and also wide changes of steam pres- I have embodied my invention in a tursure. Myturbine generator includes a generator WlllCh is directly connected to a turbine wheel, a throttle valve forcontrolling the supply of steam to the turbine wheel, and a governor responsive to the speed of the turbine for shifting the throttle so as to control the speed of the turbine. In addit1on to the governor control of the throttle valve, I have provided a frictional brake, which becomes effective to apply a varying brake-load to the turbine to prevent overspeedlng of the turbine, if the control of the throttle through the steam throttle valve is defective in any way.

Referring more in detail to the drawings, I have shown my invention as applied to a steam turbine which includes a turbine frame 1, in which theshaft 2, is mounted to rotate in suitable bearings. This rotating shaft element 2, is connected to the generator at one end, as indicated at 3, and to the turbine wheel, at the other end, which is in dicated in dotted lines at 4. Steam is supplied through a pipe indicated at 5. This steam passes through ports 6, to a valve sleeve 7, in which a valve 8, operates. This valve 8, is mounted on a valve stem 9, and a spring 10, bearing against the upper end of the valve holds the valve on the stem so that the position of the valve is regulated by the position of the valve stem. The valve has suitable ports 11, formed in its outer surface, which are adapted to connect the ports 6, with the ports 12, and the ports 12, lead to the steam nozzle which supplies the steam to the turbine wheel. By shifting the valve the supply of steam may be throttled more or less depending upon the position of the valve. When the valve is positioned as shown in Fig. I, the ports are slightly open, while when the valve is positioned as shown in Fig. II, the steam is entirel shut off. When the valve is positioned as s own in Fig. IV, the ports are wide open and steam is permitted to flow through to the nozzle for operating the turbine wheel. 7

As a means for controlling the speed of the turbine to prevent over speeding, I have provided a governor which is of the flyballtype.

Said governor includes a speed re sponsive device comprising governor weights 13, in the form of bell-crank levers, freely pivoted on screws 14, which, in turn are attached to the governor weight yoke member indicated at 15, in the drawings. This governor weight yoke is carried upon the main rotating shaft element 2, and is secured-in the working relation thereto by a screw 16, which is located in a slot 36, in the yoke, so that while the yoke necessarily rotates with the shaft, it is free to move axially thereon through a limited range. A spring 17, bears against one face of the yoke, the other end of this spring abutting against a fixed collar which carries the ball bearings 18. This sprin normally forces the yoke 15, axially on t e shaft toward-the left in the drawings, until its movement is limited by contact of the screw 16, with the bottom of the slot 35, as shown in Figs. I, and II. A governor sleeve member 19, is also mount- ,ed on theshaft 2, so as to rotate therewith,

while capable of axial movement thereon. The governor weights 13, have inwardly projecting arms indicated at 20, which normally bear against the right hand end of the governor sleeve 19. A spring 21, i adapted to rest against a bearing sleeve on the governor sleeve 19, and the other end of this spring 21, bears against a collar 22, fixed to the shaft 2. This spring 21, normally forces the governor. sleeve to the right as viewed in Fig. I, so a to ress the right hand end thereof a ainst t e arms 20, of

governor weights. s the shaft 2, rotates and the speed becomes sufiicient to move the governor weights 1 3, radially outward from the axis of the shaft, the overnor sleeve 19, will be forced to the left by the leverage exerted through the arms 20, the spring 21, being compressed.

A thrust ring 23, rests against the bearing 24, on.the left hand end of the governor sleeve. This thrust rin 23, 'is pivoted to a supporting yoke 26, ay two oppositely located screws 25 The yoke 26, is fastened to a yoke shaft 27. This yoke shaft extends across the frame and projects through the side wall of the oil reservoir in the frame 1. On the outwardly extending end of the yoke shaft is an arm 28. The endwise movement to the left imparted to the governor sleeve 19', through the ring 23, will swing the yoke; thus turnmg the shaft 27, and raising the arm 28. The arm 28, carries an adjustable screw 29, on its outer end which may be adjusted in the outer end of the arm and held in adjusted position by clamping screw 30. The screw 29, is adapted to be brought into engagement with the lower end of the valve stem 9, Thus, the radial movement of the governor weights 13, corresponding I .with increased speed of the turbine shaft,

moves the arm 28, so as to raise the outer end thereof and this raises the valve stem and the valve, so as to throttle the supply sleeve in the opposite direction. Thus the valve means is operated to control the speed of the rotating element 2, by movement of the sleeve member 19. A spring 31, i at tached at its upper end to the arm 28, and at the lower end to a screw bolt 32 and thus connected between the arm 28 and the lower side of the casing 1 into which the bolt 32 'is threaded, the tension of said spring being adjustably controlled by this bolt. The ad ustment of the spring 31, will determine the speed of the turbine, for the governor weight l3, operate against the tension of this spring, as well as against that of the sprin 21, and must overcome both, in order to lit the arm 28. To permit increased normal speed of the turbine the screw bolt 32, is turned in a direction to increase the tension on the spring 31, and to decrease the normal speed of the turbine, the screw bolt 32, is turned in a direction to decrease the tension of this spring 31. This spring is readily accessible and may be adjusted while the turbine is runnin In case what may e called the primary governing action (i. e. by regulation of the supply of motive medium), should fail, my invention provide for a secondary governing action to control the speed of the rotating element 2, through the application of a friction brake load.

- As above noted, the governor yoke, 15, is mounted so as to slide axially on the shaft 2, and the bottom surface of the slot 36, is held against the screw 16, by a spring 17. If, for any reason, the axial movement of the sleeve 19, under the stress exerted by the lever arms 20, should be arrested before the proper cutting off of the supply of motive medium is attained, then with the continuance of the abnormal rate of speed, or the cause the governor yoke 15, to move axially toward the right, thus compressing the spring 17, and causing the right hand face of the yoke to engage frietionally with the stationary annulus 33, which is rigidly secured to the frame 1. This friction automatically establishes a brake load, whose effective value will vary. as the centrifugal force operating upon the. governor weights I ment of the sleeve 19,, toward the left should 13, varies, and the speeding of the turbine will be restricted within a safe limit; Thus the loading means is operated to apply the speed-controlling load by movement of the yoke member 15.

It is understood, of course, that the springs in the governing mechanism are all proportionedto act at the proper times and in the proper relation to one another.

The secondary, or friction brake, governing action just described is that which occurs when What may be called the normal endwisemovement of the sleeve 19, to the left is not sufficient to secure the effective action of the primary governing members.

In case, however, such conditions should arise that endwise movement of the sleeve 19, to the left under the action of the governor weights should not occur, or if its normal endwise movement should not be attended by the above described transfer of the fulcrum of the lever 20, to the point a", my invention. still provides for bringing the friction brake load into action.

It will be noted that an annular shoulder 37, is formed on the shaft 2, at a region adjacent to the left hand end of the sleeve 19, but at such a distance therefrom as to leave a slight interval during normal operation of the sleeve'19.

Thus, when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. III, the friction brake at 15, has become effective, but the left hand extremity of the sleeve 19, has not yet moved into contact with the shoulder 37, nor is the spring 21, completely compressed.

If, however, the normal endwise movenot result in the application of the friction brake, and said movement of the sleeve continues, then the left hand end of the sleeve will bring up: against the abutment afforded by the shoulder 37, which thus acts as a stop for the sleeve member 19, and since the governor weights can then no longer move the sleeve to the left,,their fulcrum must change to the point a, with the result that the friction brake devices will be brought into play. Thus by limiting the movement of the sleeve ,member 19, by means of the stop shoulder 31, ultimately effective movement of the yoke member 15, is insured if the action of said sleeve member 19,'proves inefiective.

While I prefer to provide this ri 'd abutment or stop in the form of a shoul or upon the shaft, it should be observed that by proportioning the spring 21, itself in. the man ner shown in the drawings, its coils will 'sub stantially close up under the compression due to a similar extent of movement of'the sleeve 19, toward the left, and thereupon said spring will beoome,in effect, a rigid collar, constituting an abutment or stop which will bereflective in the same manner as the abutment formed by the shoulder 37,

described above. Of course, if the compression of the spring 21, to its substantially closed condition is to be relied on to accom plish the purpose set forth, it would be unnecessary to employ, the shoulder 37. In either case an abutment or stop is provided and the same result is attained, but I have described and shown the construction embodying the shoulder 37, because I consider it referable.

aving thus described a typical embodiment of my invention, I desire to point out that it is not restricted to engines operated by steam, or other elastic fluids, but is ap plicable to any motor device whose supply of motive medium is capable of control by a movable member.

Furthermore, it is obvious that changes in the details of construction and the arrange ment of the parts in the embodiment shown, may be made without departing from the spirit of-theinvention as set forth in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: v I

1. A governor mechanism comprising, in combination, an automatic rotary speed-responsive device driven by the motor to be governed; means including a member actuated directly by said rotary speed-responsive device for normally controlling the supply of motive medium to said motor; and means actuated by said rotary speed-responsive device independently of the means aforementioned to apply a friction brake load to said motor under predetermined conditions.

2. A turbine governor mechanism com prising, in combination, rotary speed-re sponsive governor welghts dr ven by the turbine to be governed; means including a throttle valve and a member actuated directly by said weights for normally controlling the supply of motive fluid and the speed of the turbine; and means actuated by said governor weights independently 'of the means aforementioned to apply a friction brake load to the turbine in the absence of effective control thereofby said valve.

, 3. A governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotary shaft driven by the motor to be governed; a governor device on said shaft includin governor-weights and members separate y movable by said weights; means actuated by said weights through one of said members for normally controlling the supply of motive medium to said motor; andmeans actuated by said Weights through the other of said members to apply a load to said motor in the absence of effective control thereof by said first-mentioned means.

at, A governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotary shaft driven by the motor to be governed; a governor device on members for normally controlling the supmembers movable in opposite directions along said shaft by said weights; means actuated by said Weights through one of said ply of motivemedium to said motor; and means actuated by said weights through the other of said. members to apply a load to said motor inthe absence of effective control thereof by said first-mentioned means.

,5. A governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotating element; a governor device carried thereby including governor weights and alternative fulcrum members for said Weights movable by them; and. means operable by movement of either said fulcrum members for controlling the speed of said rotating element.

6. A governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotating shaft; a governor device carried thereby including governor weights and alternative fulcrum members for said Weights movable by them axially along said shaft; means operable to control the speed of said shaft by axial movement of either of said fulcrum members by said weights as aforesaid; and means limiting such movement of one of said fulcrum members, so as to insure ultimately effective movement of the other if the action of the first proves ineffective.

7. A governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotating element; a governor device carried thereby including governor Weights and fulcrum members for said. weights movable by them; means resisting movement of one of said fulcrum members by said weights; stop means limiting movement of the other fulcrum member by said weights, so as to insure ultimate movement by them of the one affected by said resisting means; primary speed controlling means operable by initial movement of'said stop limited fulcrum member to control the speed of said rotating element; and secondary speed controlling means'operable by movement of the fulcrum member affected by said resisting means after said stop means becomes effective to prevent movement of'the other.

8. A governor mechanism comprising, in

combination, a rotating element; a governor device carried thereby including governor weights and fulcrum members for said weights movable by them; means "for regulating the supply of motive medium to the motor to be governed operable by movement of one of said members and for apply ing a load to said motor operable by movement of the other of said members; and means for limiting movement of said firstmentioned member so as to insure movement of the other if the. action of the first proves ineffective.

9. A turbine governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a shaft; a governor device on said shaft including governor weights, a yoke pivotally connected to said weights and movable by them, and a sleeve movable along said shaft by said weights; means actuated by movement of said sleeve by said weights to throttle the supply of motive fluid to the turbine; and means operated by shifting of said yoke by said weights to apply a frictional brake load to the turbine in the absence of effective control of the motive fluid by movement of said sleeve.

- 10. A turbine governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a shaft; a governor device on said shaft including governor weights, a yoke pivotally connected to said weights and movable along said shaft by them, and a sleeve also movable along said shaft by said weight; means controlled by movement of said sleeve for throttling the supply of motive fluid to the turbine; a spring normally holding said yoke in fixed position against the influence of said weights and a friction member in the path of move ment of said yoke by said weights for engagement therewith to apply a friction brake load to the turbine when control of its speed by movement f said sleeve proves ineffective.

11. A turbine governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a shaft; a governor device on said shaft including pivotally mounted governor weights and a sleeve movable along said shaft by said weights; a spring resisting such movement of said sleeve; a stop limiting movement of said sleeve by said weights against the action of said spring; means operated by said sleeve for controlling the supply of fluid to the turbine; and means brought into action by said governor weights to apply a friction brake load to the turbine upon arrest of said sleeve by said stop.

12. A turbine governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a shaft; a governor device on said shaft including pivotally mounted governor weights and a sleeve movable along said shaft by said weights; :1 compression spring opposing such movement of said sleeve substantially rigid in its resistance thereto when compressed thereby beyond a certain limit, so as to serve as a stop for the sleeve; means operated by said sleeve for controlling the supply of motive fluid to the turbine; and means operated by said weights to apply a friction brake load to the turbine when said spring becomes effective as a stop.

13. A turbine governor mechanism comprising, in combination, a shaft; a governor device on said shaft including go ernor weights, a yoke pivotally connected to and supporting said weights and movable along said shaft by them, and a sleeve also movable along said shaft by said weights; a spring normally opposing movement of said sleeve as aforesaid by said Weights; a valvecontrolling arm operatively connected with said sleeve; a speed-regulating spring acting upon said arm and sleeve in opposition to the influence of said weights as af0resaid; means for adjusting the tension of said regulating spring; and a friction member in the path of movement of said yoke cooperating therewith to apply a friction JAMES H. BELL, E. L. FULLERTON.

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