US1395775A - Explosive and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents
Explosive and method of manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1395775A US1395775A US368606A US36860620A US1395775A US 1395775 A US1395775 A US 1395775A US 368606 A US368606 A US 368606A US 36860620 A US36860620 A US 36860620A US 1395775 A US1395775 A US 1395775A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- solid
- nitrate
- oil
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-GCMPRSNUSA-N gamma-cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-GCMPRSNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury difulminate Chemical compound [O-][N+]#C[Hg]C#[N+][O-] MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSCl FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
- C06B45/32—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
Definitions
- My invention relates to new and improved explosives of the detonating type, and more particularly has to do with explosives in which there is present an inorganic nitrate in close association with a material which, although non-explosive in itself, is capable of reacting explosively with the nitrate under certain'conditions, and particularly when a finely divided solid detonating explosive is present as an additional sensitizing agent.
- inorganic nitrates such for example as ammonium nitrate
- ammonium nitrate as the major ingredient of an explosive mixture
- an inorganic nitrate may be partially sensitized by providing it with a coating of an organic material which is not in itself explosive, andthe partially sensitized nitrate may then be completely sensitized by admixture with particles of a solid organic nitrate.
- the inorganic nitrate employed is ammonium nitrate
- the non-explosive sensitizing agent is vulcanized or sulfurized oil
- the solid or anic nitrate is nitrostarch.
- ammonium nitrate particles of proper grain size first take ammonium nitrate particles of proper grain size, and coat these particles, preferably under continued agitation or stirring, by means of a vulcanizable'oil, such as cottonseed oil, for example.
- a vulcanizable'oil such as cottonseed oil
- I contactthe particles with a vulcaniz'ing agent such as the vapor of sulfur chlorid.
- a vulcaniz'ing agent such as the vapor of sulfur chlorid.
- I may of course use a vulcanizable oil and sulfur and bring about vulcanization by the use of a suitable temperature, but the method described gives very desirable result without the'use of any artificially applied heat.
- U11- der the influence of the vulcanizing agent the liquid oil on the particles of the nitrate be- Specification of Letters Patent.
- the preferred proportions of the several ingredients are from 3% to 15% of nitrostarch to 97% to 85% of coated ammonium-nitrate, the oil coating representing from 1 to 10% of the coated nitrate.
- I may obtain such a coating by other means not in volving vulcanization, but producing the same result of transforming a liquid coating first applied into a solid firmly adhering coating.
- I may for example agitate my particles of nitrate with liquid tung oil, or withequivalent oil which polymerizes to a solid body on an exposure to an elevated temperature, and having applied such coating of.
- liquid oil I may then raise the temperature, and polymerize the 'oil to a solid non-explosive sensitizing coating.
- I may coat my nitrate particles at an elevated temperature by means of a liquid oil or resin malntained liquid by the elevated temperature employed, and I may then cause t e liquid coating o applied to solidify by allowing the temperature of the coated particles to fall.
- I may coat n1 particles of ammonium nitrate with a liquid oil which becomes changed to a solid through other influences than vulcanization or polymerization by heat.
- I may for example coat my particles with a drying oil, with or without the presence of a drier, and I may then blow air or oxygen, or other chemical agent through the mass, or otherwise contact' the particles coated with the liquid oil so as to causethe liquid to oxidize or otherwise be chemicall changed into its solid reaction product y coating nitrate particles with linseed oil for example, with or without the presence of a metallic or organic drier, and by then blowing air through the mass while agitating the same, and pref: erably by maintaining the temperature sufficiently above normal to accelerate the reaction, I obtain a solid coating of solidified linseed oil which is well adapted to my use.
- a equivalent for the sensitizing or par- I tially sensitizing agpnts specifically mentioned I may use ot er non-explosive solid organic coating materials high in carbon and hydrogen, causing the same to closely adhere to the particles of inorganic nitrate by application as a liquid and subsequent tran formation by chemical or physical mean to the form of a solid.
- inorganic nitrates available as e uivalent for ammonium nitrate is large. or example I may employ sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or barium nitrate, either alone, or in admixture with ammonium nitrate, or in admixture with each other, with or without the presence of ammonium nitrate; and I find in general. that a large number of lnorganic nitrates, when sensitized by means of a non-explosive, solid, closely adhering organic body of relatively high carbon and hydrogen content, become 7 capable of use in combination with a solid detonating agent as explosives of great strength and high efiiciency.
- nitrated starch As equivalents of nitrated starch, I may use nitrated cellulose or other solid nitrated carbohydrates, such as the solid nitrated sugars, or other explosive materials, of solid nature existing as dlstinct solid particles capable of detonation, and capable of transmitting detonation from one particle to another.
- nitrated cellulose or other solid nitrated carbohydrates such as the solid nitrated sugars, or other explosive materials, of solid nature existing as dlstinct solid particles capable of detonation, and capable of transmitting detonation from one particle to another.
- An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a closelyadhering solidified non-explosivesensitizing agent and mixed with sufiicient of a solid explosive sensitizing agent to render the whole sensitive to detonation.
- An explosive composition containing an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonexplosive vulcanized oil.
- An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonexplosive vulcanized oil and sensitized by admixture with a solid detonating explosive.
- An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonexplosive polymerized oil and sensitized by admixture with a solid detonating explosive.
- An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonex losive oxidized oil and sensitized by admixture with a solid detonating explosive.
- An explosive composition comprising ammonium nitrate particles provided with a closely adhering coating of a non-explosive oil solidified by sulfurization and mixed with a solid inorganic nitrate.
- An explosive composition comprising to 97% ammonium nitrate articles coated with a non-explosive solidified oil, and 15% to 3% nitrostarch.
- the process which comprises coating particles of an inorganic nitrate with a thin layer of a liquid, non-explosive sensitizing agent, transforming such liquid non-explosive sensitizing agent to solid condition, and admixing sufiicient solid explosive sensitizing agent to render the whole sufliciently sensitive to detonation.
- the process which comprises coating particles of an inorganic nitrate with a thin layer of a non-explosive liquid, transforming such liquid to a solid so as to obtain a closely adhering solid coating of non-explosive nature on the particles of inorganic nitrate, and admixing sufiicient solid explosive sensitizing agent to the coated particles so obtained as to render them sensitive to detonation from afulminate cap containing one gram of mercury fulminate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
unite mm WALTER O. SNELLING, OF ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 TROJAN POWDER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
EXPLOSIVE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WALTER O. SNELLING, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Allentown, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in EX- plosives and Methods of Manufacturing Same, of which the following is aspecification.
My invention relates to new and improved explosives of the detonating type, and more particularly has to do with explosives in which there is present an inorganic nitrate in close association with a material which, although non-explosive in itself, is capable of reacting explosively with the nitrate under certain'conditions, and particularly when a finely divided solid detonating explosive is present as an additional sensitizing agent.
The desirability of utilizing inorganic nitrates, such for example as ammonium nitrate, as the major ingredient of an explosive mixture, is quite apparent to the explosive'chemist, but the matter of properly sensitizing such materials has presented some difiiculty. I have discovered that an inorganic nitrate may be partially sensitized by providing it with a coating of an organic material which is not in itself explosive, andthe partially sensitized nitrate may then be completely sensitized by admixture with particles of a solid organic nitrate. a
For purposes of illustration I will describe an embodiment of my invention in which the inorganic nitrate employed is ammonium nitrate, the non-explosive sensitizing agent is vulcanized or sulfurized oil, and the solid or anic nitrate is nitrostarch.
first take ammonium nitrate particles of proper grain size, and coat these particles, preferably under continued agitation or stirring, by means of a vulcanizable'oil, such as cottonseed oil, for example. When each particle of the ammonium nitrate or other nitrate to be coated, has received a proper coating of the vulcanizable oil, I contactthe particles with a vulcaniz'ing agent such as the vapor of sulfur chlorid. I may of course use a vulcanizable oil and sulfur and bring about vulcanization by the use of a suitable temperature, but the method described gives very desirable result without the'use of any artificially applied heat. U11- der the influence of the vulcanizing agent the liquid oil on the particles of the nitrate be- Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Nov. 1, 1921.
Application filed March 25, 1920. Serial No. 368,606.
comes rapidly solidified, and for reasons not valuable explosives. The preferred proportions of the several ingredients are from 3% to 15% of nitrostarch to 97% to 85% of coated ammonium-nitrate, the oil coating representing from 1 to 10% of the coated nitrate.
Instead of obtaining the solid non-explosive sensitizing coating on particles .of a nitrate in the manner described, I may obtain such a coating by other means not in volving vulcanization, but producing the same result of transforming a liquid coating first applied into a solid firmly adhering coating. I may for example agitate my particles of nitrate with liquid tung oil, or withequivalent oil which polymerizes to a solid body on an exposure to an elevated temperature, and having applied such coating of. liquid oil I may then raise the temperature, and polymerize the 'oil to a solid non-explosive sensitizing coating. By another alternative method I may coat my nitrate particles at an elevated temperature by means of a liquid oil or resin malntained liquid by the elevated temperature employed, and I may then cause t e liquid coating o applied to solidify by allowing the temperature of the coated particles to fall. By still another alternative method I may coat n1 particles of ammonium nitrate with a liquid oil which becomes changed to a solid through other influences than vulcanization or polymerization by heat. I may for example coat my particles with a drying oil, with or without the presence of a drier, and I may then blow air or oxygen, or other chemical agent through the mass, or otherwise contact' the particles coated with the liquid oil so as to causethe liquid to oxidize or otherwise be chemicall changed into its solid reaction product y coating nitrate particles with linseed oil for example, with or without the presence of a metallic or organic drier, and by then blowing air through the mass while agitating the same, and pref: erably by maintaining the temperature sufficiently above normal to accelerate the reaction, I obtain a solid coating of solidified linseed oil which is well adapted to my use.
as a non-explosive solid sensitizing agent.
A equivalent for the sensitizing or par- I tially sensitizing agpnts specifically mentioned I may use ot er non-explosive solid organic coating materials high in carbon and hydrogen, causing the same to closely adhere to the particles of inorganic nitrate by application as a liquid and subsequent tran formation by chemical or physical mean to the form of a solid.
The range of inorganic nitrates available as e uivalent for ammonium nitrate is large. or example I may employ sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or barium nitrate, either alone, or in admixture with ammonium nitrate, or in admixture with each other, with or without the presence of ammonium nitrate; and I find in general. that a large number of lnorganic nitrates, when sensitized by means of a non-explosive, solid, closely adhering organic body of relatively high carbon and hydrogen content, become 7 capable of use in combination with a solid detonating agent as explosives of great strength and high efiiciency. As equivalents of nitrated starch, I may use nitrated cellulose or other solid nitrated carbohydrates, such as the solid nitrated sugars, or other explosive materials, of solid nature existing as dlstinct solid particles capable of detonation, and capable of transmitting detonation from one particle to another.
I claim:
1. An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a closelyadhering solidified non-explosivesensitizing agent and mixed with sufiicient of a solid explosive sensitizing agent to render the whole sensitive to detonation.
2. An explosive composition containing an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonexplosive vulcanized oil.
3. An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonexplosive vulcanized oil and sensitized by admixture with a solid detonating explosive.
4. An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonexplosive polymerized oil and sensitized by admixture with a solid detonating explosive.
5. An explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate coated with a solid nonex losive oxidized oil and sensitized by admixture with a solid detonating explosive.
6. An explosive composition containing ammonium nitrate particles provided with a closel adhering coating of a non-explosive oil soli ified by sulfurization. 1
7. An explosive composition comprising ammonium nitrate particles provided with a closely adhering coating of a non-explosive oil solidified by sulfurization and mixed with a solid inorganic nitrate.
8. An explosive composition comprising to 97% ammonium nitrate articles coated with a non-explosive solidified oil, and 15% to 3% nitrostarch. Y
9. In the manufacture of explosives, the process which comprises coating particles of an inorganic nitrate with a thin layer of a liquid, non-explosive sensitizing agent, transforming such liquid non-explosive sensitizing agent to solid condition, and admixing sufiicient solid explosive sensitizing agent to render the whole sufliciently sensitive to detonation.
10. In the manufacture of explosives, the process which comprises coating particles of an inorganic nitrate with a thin layer of a non-explosive liquid, transforming such liquid to a solid so as to obtain a closely adhering solid coating of non-explosive nature on the particles of inorganic nitrate, and admixing sufiicient solid explosive sensitizing agent to the coated particles so obtained as to render them sensitive to detonation from afulminate cap containing one gram of mercury fulminate.
11. In the manufacture of explosives, the
process which comprises coating particles of an inorganic nitrate with a thin layer of a liquid, non-explosive oil, transforming such oil to solid condition by the action of a vulcanizing agent, and admixing sufficient ing ammonium nitrate by providing particles thereof with -a thin coating of nonexplosive liquid oil and solidifying said coating, and adding sufiicient nitrostarch to completely sensitize the entire mixture.
16. The method of forming an explosive which consists of coating particles of ammonium nitrate with sufiicient of sensitiz- III 10 solid explosive sensitizing agent to render monium nitrate with suflicient of a sensitizing material to incompletely sensitize said' nitrate, and admixing with said incompletely 10 sensitized particles sufficient nitrostarch to completely sensitize the entire mass.
WALTER O. SNELLING.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US368606A US1395775A (en) | 1920-03-25 | 1920-03-25 | Explosive and method of manufacturing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US368606A US1395775A (en) | 1920-03-25 | 1920-03-25 | Explosive and method of manufacturing same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1395775A true US1395775A (en) | 1921-11-01 |
Family
ID=23451942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US368606A Expired - Lifetime US1395775A (en) | 1920-03-25 | 1920-03-25 | Explosive and method of manufacturing same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1395775A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2606109A (en) * | 1943-07-16 | 1952-08-05 | George B Kistiakowsky | Plastic nonhardening explosive composition and method of forming same |
-
1920
- 1920-03-25 US US368606A patent/US1395775A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2606109A (en) * | 1943-07-16 | 1952-08-05 | George B Kistiakowsky | Plastic nonhardening explosive composition and method of forming same |
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