US1388496A - wadsworth - Google Patents

Description

F. L O. WADSWORTH. ROTARY BORING DRILL. APPLICATION FILED 'IAN.29, IsIs.

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ROTARY BORING DRILL.

APPLIcATIoII FILED IAN.29, 1919 1,388,496. Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Id.LL

ELOYYAIIswomyI wpewto@ F. L. 0. WADSWORTH.

ROTARY BORING DRILL.

APPucATloN FILED 1AN.29.1919.

F. L. 0. WADSWORTH. ROTARY BORING DRILL.

APPLICATION FILED IAII.29, I9I9.

Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

4 sIIIgEIs-SIILET 4.

wwm I LvUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK L. O. WADSWORTH, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA. ASSIGNOR TO HUGHES TOOL COMPANY, OF HO'U'S'LON-7 TEXAS, A CORPORATION OF TEXAS.

ROTARY BORING-DRILL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

Application filed. January 29, 1919. Serial No. 273,715.

T o'aZZ 'w kom t may concern Be it known that I, FRANK L. O. WhoswourI-i, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania. have invented a certain new' and useful Improvement in Rotary Boring-Drills, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable othersyskilled in the.

art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to rotary boring drills for use in drilling oil or water wells and the like. It has application to rotary bits that are provided with revoluble cutters of either the cone roller or ther disk type; or to other similar rotary drills, de-

signed to drill in softer formation suchV as the purpose described, whichmay be operated insuch a manner as to secure amore effective shearing andv excavating action on certain kinds ofgmaterial, and also prevent a too rapid penetration of soft or loose strata.

A further object is to provide means for forcing the flushing water into the end of the bore hole in j cts; whose velocity is independent of any difference in pressure between the down flowing and upflowing currents of liquid in the hole.

Another object is to combine,V in one drill structure, the more important features of advantage of both reciprocating and rotary ty es of drills.

arious other objects and advantages will appear, in the' description which follows; novel features of improvement which characterize my invention will be pointed out with more particularity in the claims appended` hereto; Y

In the drawings Figure 1 is a side view partly in section on the line 1 1 of Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is a side elevation taken at right angles to the position shownin Fig. 1; Fig. 31s

a top plan view, on an enlarged scale, of thev same; Fig."4 is a transverse section (on the scale of dig. 3) on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 1s a perspective view (also on anenlarged scale) of the ratchet ring usedY with V one form of my invention; Fig. 6 is a side elevationl (on the scale of Figs. 1 and 2) of the central gear casing of the drill head; Fig. 7 1s a horizontal cross section viewed from below in the line 7-7 of Fig. 1, showing a modiiied construction and arrangement`V of the drill cuttersfand gear housing; Fig. 7A

is a transverse section on the line 7A-7^ of Fig. 1; Fig. A8 is a longitudinal section through the drill axis, illustrating the embodiment of my invention in aV single central cutter type'of boring tool; Fig. 8^ is a broken section on, the line StL-8A of Fig. 10;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the lower portion of the construction illustrated in Fig. 8 (the part of the head of the left of the line .9-9 of Fig. S being removed) Fig 10 is a transverse section of this'same construction on the line`1010 of Fig. 8; Fig. 11 is a side elevation partly in section of another embodimentof my invention in which the boring tool is of the horizontal disk cutter type; Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view (on a reduced scale) on theline 12-12 of 11; Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section illustrating the application of my invention to another Vform of vertical, or inclined cutter disk drills; Fig. 13A is a broken section on the line 13A of Fig. 13; Fig. 14 is a transverse section on the line 14-'14 of Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is a side elevation of this last construction; and Fig. 16 is a detail cross sectional view of a 1part of this drill structure.

Referring with more particularity to the illustrations of Figs. 1 to 6 of the drawingwherein like parts aredesignated by like numerals throughout the several views-I have here shown a bit of the rotary disk type, which comprises a slotted drill head 6 withan upper threaded shank 7, reduced in diameter for attachment to a coperating driving head 8; and two vertical or upright Vdisk-shaped cutters 10 which are mounted shown.

face of each o1 the said cutters by means o1 screws 15, or other similar suitable instrumentalities.

These gears lei mesh with a bevel gear or pinion 16 which 'is mounted on the lower squared end of an upright shaft 17 that er;- tends upwardly through the drill head G and nearly to the top of driving head 8, as shown in -Figz 1. This shaft is provided with a flange'or collar 18 which fits within an annular seat formed in the drill head and serves to hold the said shaft against longitudinal movement with respect to the said head. In order that these parts may be properly assembled, the drill head G is split longitudinally along its central plane, parallel with the cutters 10, and the said parts are held in assembled position by the cutter shaft 11 and by the driving head 8. fhe gears 141 and 16 are completely inclosed in a A:asing or housing 50, which is litted into a rectangular recess in the lower end oit the drill head-between Vthe slots in which the cutters 10--10l are housed--and which is provided with circular flanges that fit into an- VVnular recesses on the inner .tacos of the cutters 10. This housing is also provided with an opening` at the upper side to receive the shaft 17 and with a central cross rib 4:9 which is bored to receive the cutter shaft 1-1.

In assembling` the parts just described the pinion 16 is rst placed in the housing 50 and the shaft 17 is then passed through the opening in the upper side oit the housing and its lower squared end engaged with the pinion. A washer 51 is then slipped between the lower i'iace or' the pinion and the adjacent upper face of the cross rib i19; and the gears 111, 14, ai'e next placed in position against the two sides ot th'e housing. rllie two sides o' the divided head (i are then brought together against the opposite outer taces of the cutter disks, and secured in place by irst inserting the cross shaft 11, and then screwing the upper threaded portion .7 into the lower. end of the driving head 8. rlllie casingtl may also be provided with dowel pins which are adapted to engage in holes in the two Vhalves of the head, and thus assist in the assembling and clamping et the parts in place. The driving head 8, comprises an outer sleeve member 19, into which the drill head is secured, and an inner member 2() that .is adapted to reciprocate within the said sleeve member. The upper end of the inner meniber 2O is reduced in diameter and threaded at 21 toi.zittaclinient to a drill stem, not

The upper end of the sleeve meniber, 19, is bored to a larger diameter than the lower part, thus forming two piston chambers that are separated by an annular shoulder 22; Aand the reciprofa'le member 20 is..correspondingly shaped to form a two Vpart piston whose upper and lower ends fit closely within these two piston chambers.V

Longitudinal'slots 23, are formed in the outer surface of the reciprocating piston member to re eive inwardlyv projecting pins 2e, 2&1 that are fixed in the part 19, and slide in the slots 23.

rllhe inner portion ot the piston member 2() is recessed to receive the upper portieri of the shaftI 17. This recess-as indicated at is or larger internal diameter than the shaft 17 and extends upwardly nearlyv to the top ot the member 20, where it terminates in a small passage 26 that communicates with-the upper cnd of the threaded shank for the introduction oit lubricant. rlie passage is closed by a threaded plug The shaft 1T is provided on its upper peripheral surface with two spiral grooves 55 and 36. At the lower end 01"' this grooved surface the recess is enlarged in diameter to torni a small clutch chamber 2S, the upper and lower ends of which are threaded interiorly to receive upper and lower ratchet y faced clutch members 29 and 80 respectively.

iecting spline or lreywhicli maj.Y conveniently be formed by tiatteiiing the inner enlarged ends of pins 83 and B11-which fit slidably within the grooves 35 and 3G, respectively. Each clutch ring and its cooperating clutch member are also rec-sed -interiorlv on the toothed sides to provide seats for helical springs il? and which serve to normally hold the clutch rings 231 and out el engagement with the menib-rs E29 and 80.

fr heavier helical spring 39 surrounds the shat't 17 and is irreriiosed between the ii pper threaded end of the drill head and the lower end o1 the clutch member 3l). This spriiig tends to hold the cutters 1t) in working ontact with the bottom of the hole,

Vwhen the reciprocating member 20 is drawn uiliwardly in operation. lt also serves to cushion the shock" of the down stroke, and to gradually vary the pressure applied to the revolving cutte 's by the reciprocating nievenient of the drill-.stem thereby preventing any violent jarring of the operating parts .vlien the drill is in operation.

Flushing water is supplied to the slots i) in which the cutting disks are mounted by a novel arrangement.. A. plurality or' channels 'ilO-of which l have shown Ytour in Figs. 1 and 3,-lead trom the upper end the reciprocating member 20 to the ylower Vouter sleeve 19 by means of the of reciprocating movement; `my drill 'with the parts in the lowest point member, and open into the annular space 41 betweenv the shoulder 22 and the adjacent end of the said piston element. From this space, one or more ducts 42 lead to another annular groove 43 between the lower end of the sleeve 19 and the head 6. From the space 43-two or more channels 44, 44 lead *toV the openings in which the cutting disks 10 are housed. The upper end of each chanvl-nel is enlarged to receive a valve seat 45 and the channel isl closed against'upward passage of water `by a spring pressed ball valve in the said valve seat.

In the construction just described the drill stem, to the lower end of which my improved drill is attached, will` be bothl rotated and reciprocated. This combined rotary-reciprocating movement may be imparted to the stem by any well known device, and as such device is not a part of my present invention, it is not here shown'. The rotative movement of the drill stem will be imparted directly to the inner reciprocating member 2O and will be transmitted therefrom to the pins24, 24 iitting withinthe slots 23, 23; and the head 6 will thus be rotated, causing the cutters 10 to roll on'the bottom of the hole and to cut awayand disintegrate the material at that point, in much the same way as in the operation'of the ordinary types of rotary disk drills. Y

' The reciprocation of the drill stem 'will also be directly communicated to the member lwhich will slide up and .downV within the sleeve member 19-the slots 23, being of sufficient length to permit the desired range Fig. 1 shows of the vstroke inv the reciprocation of the 1 drill stem. On the downward stroke the upper spring 38 will be compressedl and the clutch member 2 9 will engage the jaws of the kclutch kring 31 to Aprevent rotation thereof. The clutch ring 32 will, however, be free to rotate, being'held Aout of engagement'with the jaws of the clutch 30 by the spring 37.

VUnder these conditions, the engagement of ,the spline or key 'of the ring 31 with the groove'35 will revolve the shaft 17 in the direction of rotation "of the drill stem, (a vclockwise rotation asviewed from above) landthis movement will be transmitted,

throughy the `gears 14'1and 16 tothe cutter ydisks 10, 10 and revolve the said disks'positively in the same'V direction in which they `Vtend'tol'roll on the bottom of the hole as the drill stem and drill head rotate. On the upward stroke of thefdrill st-em, the clutch ring "6o- 31 will be disengaged: from the clutch member 29 and the clutch 30 will 'engage the r newl cause the spline or keyof the clutch ring 32 Ito revolve theshaft 17; .and as the 'ring might be employed and that this ring could engage with either of the grooves, 35 01136 to give the shaft 17 an intermittent rotary movement on either the upward or the downward stroke of the drill stem. It is also clear that the positive rotary movement ofthe shaft 17-whether it be continuous or intermittent-may be varied, both as to direction and as to speed, by varying the pitch of the spiral driving grooves.

It is further obvious that the pins 24, which engage in the slots 23, 23 and serve to positively rotate the drill head in synchronism with the drill stemmight loe removed; and a rotary movement indirectly imparted to the drill head by a simple reciprocating movement of the drill stem. In

this case the upward and downward movements of the member 2O will impart a positive movement of rotation to the shaft 17., and this will, in turn, positively revolve the cutter disks 10, 1() which will roll on the bottom of the hole and carry the rotary drill head around with them. The action is then the reversel ofthat of an ordinary rotary disk drill-'(in which the rotation of the drill head serves to revolve the cutters by the rolling contact of the later with the materiaD-the rotation of the drill hea-d being` produced in this last described arrangement, by the rolling of the positively driven toothed cutters 10, 10 on the surface upon which they rest.

' The reciprocation of the drill stem and the member 20 performs the further important function of forcing the flushing water into the bottom of the bore hole, and against the cutters, in a succession of high velocity jets. On the upward stroke ofthe piston member 20 the valves 46 will open to allow free passage of the water, from the hollow drill stem to the annular piston chamber 41, and thence on, through the open passage ways, 42, 43 and 44, to the openings in which' the `cutter disks are housed. The member 20 maintains a tight sliding fit with the outervsleeve 19 by .means of packing rings 48 and the frictional engagement between these parts tends vof course to lift the drill head on each upward movement of the driving head; but this lifting tendency is'counteracted in part by the pressure of rthe'water on the shoulder 22 and in part by the tension of the spring 39; and these jointly acting forces-supplemented by the weight of the drill head partsserve to hold the critter Ymembers in consta-nt operative engagement with the material at the bottom of the bore hole. On the downward stroke, the valves 46 'close and the upperl piston element of the member forces the water out of the annular piston chamber 4l and expels it from the openings 44 in a series of violent jets or spurts, that will be very effective in washing away any disintegrated matter that tends to accumulate around the revolving cutters.

The lubrication of this bit is accomplished by filling the annular chamber surrmindingthe shaft 17 with oil, which is introduced into this chamber through the passage way 26. At the lower end of this chamber the shaft 17 is provided with a radial duct, that connects the said chamber with a een tral duct leading downwardly through said shaft to the interior of the housing 50, which is also filled with heavy oil or grease. By this means all of the opera-ting parts are constantly and copiously supplied with lubricant, and are thus fully protected against the action of the water and mud surrounding the drill head.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 6 the cutter disks 10, 10 are mounted coaXially, and are, as already stated, of the Y two edged or four point type more fully described in my application Ser. No. 200,672 filed November 26, 1919, later abandoned and thereafter, on March 26, 191.9, application No. 300,004, refiled therefor. My present invention is not however, limited to rotary drills of this type, but is applicable to many other forms of rotary disk or roller bit constructions. 1n Fig. 7, for example, I have illustra-ted a drill head provided with two vertical disk cutters 10:L 10n which are laterally offset with respect to each other so as to bring only the forward advancing edges, and the adjacent peripheral surfaces, of the cutters into engagement with the material at the end of the bore hole. v1n this construction the cutters are mounted on a shaft 11, which is provided with two eccentrically turned portions 55 and 56, and with a central squared portion 57, the upper side of which forms a support for the washer 51 that is interposed between it and the lower face of the pinion 16, Each cutter 10L is provided with a bevel gear 14, the teeth of which are shaped to engage with the teeth of the bevel pinion 16, and the gears and pinions are inclosed in a casing or housing 50"L the upper edge of which is fitted into a rectangular recess in the lower end vof the divided head 6&-the whole arrangement being similar to that illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6; save that the casing 50 is not in this case provided with any central cross web corresponding to the part 49 -of Figs. 16 construction. The construction of Fig. 7 also diifers in detail from the structure first described in having elastic expansion rings 58, (or 59) inserted between the faces of the circular rings on the ends of the casing member 50" and the adjacent faces of the cutter disks 102L 11M-these packing rings being particularly useful in preventing any leakage of liquid into or out of the interior of the casing when the cutter members are forced outwardly by the unbalanced pressure of the cut on the forward advancing edges of the disks. The cutters themselves also differ from those shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 in having peripheral surfaces that are provided with a series of circumferentially or spirally disposed groves, so shaped as to form a succession of secondary cutting edges separated by intermediate crushing and disintegrating surfaces. But it is obvious that any suitable form of cutting crushing disk memberswith either toothed or grooved, or plain peripheral surfacesmay be used in either of the rotary disk constructions above described.

The main difference between the structure of the two drill heads shown in Figs. 1 to 6 and Fig. 7 results from the positioning of the cutter disks relative to the axis of the head. When these disks are centrally and co-axially mounted-as in the first construction described-the gears 14 and the pinion 16 are ordinary bevel gears having conical pitch surfaces. When the two disks are axially offset with respect to each other-as in F ig. 7-the gears 14 and 16 must be formed with hyperbolical pitch surfaces and provided with teeth cut at a slight angle to the axes of the gears. But the offsetting of the gear axes with respect to each other is so small that the design and the cutting of these spiral tooth gears offers no particular difficulty; and the teeth are so thoroughly protected against wear (bybeing inclosed in a casing filled with lubricant) that either 'form of gear will operate for a long time without replacement. The disk members 10 or 10, and the bushings therefor (12 and 13 or 12;1L andV 13a) may, of course, be easily and quickly replaced whenever necessary.V

The drill head shown in Fig. 7 is designed for attachment to thesame form of driving head as is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6; and the operation of the combined structure thus produced is in all respects similar to that already described.

1n Figs. S, 9 and 10 'I have illustrated the application of my invention to a rotary drill of the single central disk type of construction. 1n the specific form here shown the single cutter 10b is mounted to revolve in a plane that is slightly inclined to the axis of the drill head, and is provided with two opposite cutting edges of slightly different diameter that Vare adapted to shear away the 4material at thesides and bottom of the bore hole on both the forward advancing face and the rearward following face of the rotating disk, The inner face of this is end ofthe head.

recessed and abevel gear 14h is screwed theretoby means of screws 15b or in any other suitable manner. The connected gear and disk are revoluhly mounted on the inclined stud shaft il vwhich is provided with a squared section 57 and is rigidly secured in thel downwardly extending leg of the head 6b; and therevoluble member is held in place on the shaft 11b by means of a plate 6l which is secured in place against the beveled v'side of the head and the shouldered end of the shaft by means of screws 62 and the split cone nut 63, the latter being locked in place by means of a lead or Babbitt metal seal 64, which fills the space between the capped end of the nut 68 and the slotted or notched end of the shaft 11b.

rlhe head 6b is provided with two longitudinally disposed circular openings, 42h and 65 which are4 eccentrically arranged with re-A spect to the axis of the drill head and eX- end upwardly' to theV upper or rear end thereof, A shaft 17h is centrally mounted in the larger of those openings, and extends downwardly through a bearing in the lower The lower end of this shaft-is squared or flattened on one side to enter a correspondingly shaped socket in the bevel pinion 16h, which is arranged to engage with the gear 14h; and the said shaft is held .against longitudinal movement by a shoulder or: collarA portion 18D which engages with a seat at the bottom of the opening 65 and is held therein by a plate 66. The up- `per end of the shaft 17h isnprovided with two or more left hand spiral grooves 36h which are engaged by a left hand nut 32"; and this nut isprovidedpon its lower face with teeth which are adaptedto engage with thevcorrespondingly toothed upper face of a clutch ring 30 the construction and arrangement of theselast describedelements being similar 'to that of the correspondingly numbered parts in the first described structure save that the pitch of the grooves and the inclination of vthe clutch teeth are oppositely disposed 'in the two cases. The nut 32b is slidably mounted in the-.enlargedend of a hollow Vshaft 67, which extends upwardly through*apackingbox 68 that closes the vupper end or the opening 65, and is secured to the cap of a recipro'cable driving head or sler-veiS` thaty is bored to fit closely over the exterior periphery of the drill head 6b, and is threaded at its upper end to engage with 'the hollow drill stein. rEheV annular space between the sleeve members 8b and? and the top of the drill head 6b constitutes apiston chamber 41h, which communicates with the interior of the hollow drill stem through a valve seat and spring pressed ball valve =15b and 46h; and also y communicates with the passage way 42h through a ,similar valve seat and ball valve 69 and 70.

The gears Mb and 16 in the lower part of the drill head are surrounded and inclosed by a boX shaped casing 50", which fits into an Ly shaped recess in the bottom of the drill head 6b and is screwed therein by means of screws 71. VThis casing is provided on its outer face with a circular flange or rib that fits closely within the annular recess on the adjacent inner face of the disk member 6", and is further provided with an opening in its upper wall for the passage of the shaft 17h. In assembling the parts of this construction, the gear pinion 1.6" is first placed in the lcasing 50h and the latter is then slid into position, over the squared portion 57 b of the shaft 11b, and screwed in the recess in the drill head by the screws 7l. rIl he shaft 17h is then inserted through the registered openings in the top of the casing and the lower end of the drill head, and secured against longitudinal movement by. the insertion of the plate 66. `The hollow shaft 67--carrying .the nut 32 and the clutch ring 30b is next put in place over the end of the shaft 171 and the packing box 68 screwed into position. The driving head 8b is neXt engaged with the drillrhead and the sleeve member 67 screwed to the driving head by means of the threaded cap 72. The cutter disk 10b carrying the gear llb--can then be put in place and secured in position by the cap plate 61. Before this disk member is put in position the interior of the box 5()b should preferably be iilled with a thick heavy grease or oil; and after all the parts are assembled as above described the hollow shaft 67 and the annular space between the coperatingl shaft 1'7"v and the wall of the opening 65 are also filled with a somewhat more fluid lubricant that is poured in through the opening inthe cap 72,#-this opening being then closed by the plug 271. l

The lower end of the'passageway 42'D opens on the beveled face of the drill head, and there communicates with lateral passages, that are formed by cutting grooves in the enfaces of the head and the attached Figs. l, 2, 3 and l-or spirally disposed.

therein; but they are preferably of herringbone ,form as illustrated 1n Fig. 9; this being the form that is particularly effective in producing a rotation of the disk by the pres# sure of the out on both the ladvancing and following edges of the cutter faces.

rlhe operation of this drill construction' is similar to that already'described.V The the periphery of the drillhead. The recipro-v cating movement of the driving head is communicated to the member G7 and on the upward stroke of this member the nut 32" Ais engaged with the clutch ring 30", and thereupon serves to positively rotate the shaft 17b in a counterclockwise direction-as viewed from above-at a speed which is dependent upon the pitch of the grooves 361) and the linear velocity of the reciprocating` movement. The positive rotation of the shaft 17b is communieated-through the gears 16b and 14th-.to the disk cutter 10b and causes the latter to revolve in the same direction as it tends to roll on the bottom of the bore hole when the drill head rotates. On the downward stroke ofthe driving` head the frictional engagement of the nut 321 with the grooved portion of the shaft 17b serves to disengage the nut from the clutch ring 30D and thus leaves the shaft 17" free to rotate independently of the movement of the driving heads. ut it is of course obvious that the shaft 17b might be provided with two sets of oppositely disposed spiral grooves;

and the reciprocating member 67 arranged to carry two sets of nuts and clutch ringsarranged as shown in Fig. 1,-so that the shaft 17b could be driven positively in the same direction on both the upstroke and the down-stroke of the driving head.

During the upward movement of the member '8b the cylinder or piston chamber lll." is filled with water from the interior of the hollow drill stem-by the free opening of the valve lb--and the hydraulic pressure of this water onthe end of the drill head G" serves to Vassist the weight of the head in keeping the cutter member 10" in operative engagement with the bottom of the bore hole. If these forces are notv alone Ysufficient to maintain the desired pressure on the cutter disk their effect may be supplemented and augmented by the compressive tension of a spiral spring 39h that can be interposed between the lower end of the reciprocating sleeve 67 and the plate 66 at the bottom of the opening G5.

On the downward movement of the driving head the valve 45" closes and the water then filling the piston chamber 4-1" is then forced out through the passage way 42h and expelled at high velocity, from vthe orifices 7 3, against the teeth of the cutter 10.*. This action not only tends to wash away all detritus from the sides and face of the cutting disk-thereby keeping the teeth of the cutter in clean and effective cutting condition,-but also serves to produce a semi posi-l tive driving action that will revolve the disk in the same direction as it is driven by the operation of the reciprocating-rotary-conversion-gear members 1li-b 36". This construction therefore embodies two separate but coperating means for utilizing the reciprocating movement of the drill stem and driving head to effect a rotary driving movement of the revoluble cutter disk; and either one or both of these conversion gear instrumentalities may be arranged to operate either intermittently (or in one direction only of the reciprocating movement) or continuously in both directions of reciprocation.

ln Figs. l1 and 12 I have illustrated another embodiment of the main features of my present invention in a rotary bit construction of the horizontal disk type-whieh forms the subject matter of another of my copending applications Ser. No. 215589-in which the two cutter members 10C 10C revolve on axes that are nearly parallel with the axes of rotation of the drill head 6C. In the particular embodiment illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12 the cutter disks are rigidly secured on (or made integral with) the shaft supportsv 11c and' the latter are revolnbly mounted in bushings 12C, that are removably secured-by screws 76 or other suitable vmeans-in the diametrically opposed bosses 7 5, 75 of the drill head 6C. The upper ends of the shaft supports 11c are reduced in diameter to receive clutch collars 30C which are keyed or otherwise secured to the said shafts, and are provided in their upper ends or faces with an annular series of teeth similar to those with which the correspondingly numbered clutch ring of F 1 is provided.

Driving gears 32C, 32C are rotatably mounted on the peripheries of the clutch rings 30"', and are provided with teeth 77 that are adapted to engage with the toothed end faces of the clutch rings. The external peripheries of these drivinggears are provided 'with spiral or helical teeth which engage with correspondingly ldescribed heliwal grooves 1n the opposite faces of a reciprocating rack bar, 67C that extends upwardly through a packing box 68C in the top of the l drill head, and is secured at its upper end (by the nut 72C) to the cap of the driving head Se.. This driving head is bored out to make close sliding engagement with the upper end of the drill head GC, and ,is provided with one or more removable blocks or keys that engage with a corresponding number of longitudinal grooves 23C. and serve to communicate the rotarv movement of the driving head. to the drill head. rllhe upper end of the driving head is threaded for attachment to the ordinary7 hollow drill stem, ordinarily used in dri ving these rotary drills; and the top of this head is perforated with a number of valve openings 45 that are closed at theirv lower ends by a flexible valve plate 46c. The sides 0f the hollow drill head 6c are provided with two or more passage l2c which lead from the upperend ofthe head to points adjacent the faces of the cutter disks 10@ v10C, and are there inclinedin such direction as to direct thewater flowing through the said passages against the toothed peripheries of the .revoluble cutters-as vshown ,by the dottedlines in Fig. 12.

place' on the head. Theopenings throughwhich the driving gears 32c are inserted are.

then closed by caps 79, that are clamped tightly against theA outer faces and upper side edges ofthe bosses 75 by means of screws 80. The interior of ,the hollow drill head 6 is now filled with heavy oil or other sui"- able lubricant, through the passageway, 8l, and the bar 67c is clamped in position on the driving head by thecap nut 7 2' which alsov servesto close the end of the `oil passage'Sl.V In the operation of this horizontal diskA drill `the upward movement 'ofv the driving head and rack bar 67c lifts the driving gears 32c out of clutch engagement'with the yrings 30c thus leaving the disk cutters 10@ free tol revolve y.c ounter'clockwise,-as viewed.. from' above (see Fig. 12) astheY drill headrevolves from leftto right or in a clockwise,direction.y Du`ring-V this upward movement 'the valve plate 46 flexes downward, opening the pas- .45

sageways C, andallowing the water in the hollow drill stem to flood the pistonchamber 41? and exert its full pressureon the top/of.`

the drill head 6c. This pressure supplements Y' .the weight of the heavy drill headand servesV ,to prevent the latter from moving upward with the dri-ving head. On the .downward movement of the driving heady the driving gearsV 32c are -firstpushed down until the clutch teeth thereoiiengage with the clutchj rings BOgand are .then revolved from right to left-as viewed from above-by the slid- `ing engagement of the helical teeth on the. faces of the gears and the rack bar G70. VThis movement serves to positively revolve, .the cutter'disks 10c in `the same direction iii-which they are moved'bythe pressure of the cutting engagement with the material y*at thefend of theV bore hole, whenrthe drill headris rotated.

The descent ofthe driving head alsofclos'es Ithe vvalve plateftcand forces the water in the piston chamber 41C downward through the passages sli-2c; anc expels this water Trom the lower inclined orifices of these pa ges in jets which impinge, at a high velocity, ou the revolving peripheral surfaces of the cutter disks; thereby not only freeing` theseA surfaces from all accumulations of mud or other detritus, but also serving to assist the action of the rack-gear conversion devices in securing a positive rotation of the cutter members, independently of any rotation of the drill head as a whole It is, of course, obviousthat the clutch collars 30 and the cooperating gears may be arranged to engage only on the up stroke of the driving head-so as to revolve the cutter disks during this movement (as Yin the Figs. 8-10 construction) and it is further clear that both Vthe direction and the speedv of rotation may be changed as desired by reversing or varying the pitch f the helical gear and rack teeth.

In the construction shown in Figs. 18 to.

16 the cutter members 10d 101 are inclined to the longitudinal axis of the head; and are also offset backwardly VVVwith relation thereto, so as to bring only the rear following edges on the outer faces of the disks in cut-A ting engagement'with thesides and end of the bore hole. The drill head, 6d, on which these cutter disks are mounted, is split or divided longitudinally on the planes e-f, g-A/L, which contain the 'axes of these disks; and the latter are revolubly supported in split bushings 12d, that are clamped in position between the engaging faces of the divided head by the bolt 621 and screwcollar 8d that. engages the upper threaded end of the said head. `The upper end of this head is also bored.` and grooved to receive the shouldered lower end of a piston extension,

r82O that terminates in an enlarged head S3.

A hollow sleeve 84 is fitted to the exterior pe-v riphery of the head S3, and is closed at the Vbottoni by a split collar S5 which is threaded into the said sleeveaiid is bored out to fit closely around the piston extension 82. This splitY collar is also provided with one or more keys or splines which engage with longitudinal grooves 22%,1 (indicated ,by dotted lines) i on the periphery of the sa-id-e;'-:tension mem! bers. The upper end ofthe sleeve Sil is closed by the driving head cap 20d which is threadgroove, on the exterior of the sleeve 8l (see Fig. 16) thatv communicates with the an nular chamber 88 below the head 88. This headis likewise provided with two openings communicating respectively with the piston chambers Llila and SS--these openings being perfectly controlled by the spring pressed ball valves d, and being connected to a common passage 42d that leads downwardly to the chamber 43d, between the end of the divided drill head and the piston extension 82. Two other inclined passage ways ld-,d lead downwardly through the sides of the divided head G and terminate in orifices that are opposite the inner faces of the inclined cutters 10d. rihese faces are provided with radial teeth 90 so formed as to constitute a set of turbine blades for receiving the impulse ofthe jets of water discharged from the passage ways lla, and utilizing said jets to impart a semi-positive revolution to the cutter disks. Y

A lubrication tube 91 is screwed into a threaded opening at the top of the divided drill head (3d.Il and extends upwardly through the passage 2d and through a stuiling box G8 that closes the top 'of that passage. rhis tube opens at the bottom into an annularrecess surrounding the inner flanged ends of the split bushing members 12d, and constitutiiig-(in conjunction with the tube 91)--an oil chamber for supplying lubricant to the bearing surfaces of the cutter shafts 11d.

The exterior periphery of the clamping collar Sil and of the driving head sleeve S- are both'provided with a series of helically ldisposed flanges 92, which are of right hand pitch, and which are adapted to assist in mixing and churning up7 the mud charged water in the bottom of the bore hole; and also to aid in establishing and maintaining the upward movement of the liquid and the suspended solid material surrounding the exterior of the drill heads, and the drill stein. Similar flanges may be used, if desired, on the external peripheries of the drill head constructions previously described.

The operation of the rotary-reciprocating bit structure shown in Figs. 13 to 16 is -substantially the same as that of the other constructions of this type previously considered, save that the reciprocating pistoiiparts constitute in this case a double acting77 pump and serve to expel water from the orifices leid on both the-up and the down strokes of the drill stein. These constantly flowing jets of liquid act on the turbine teeth or blades 90 to produce a constant semi positive revolution of the cutter disks l()d in the same direction in which they tend to roll on the bottom of the hole Vas the drill rotates on its longitudinal axis. lThe drill head Gd and the cutter members 10d are held down to their work in the bottom of the hole, in part by the weight of the suspended inem- 'bers, in part by the excess pressure of the flushing liquid on the top of the drill headdue to the greater cross sectional area ofthe Leesyioe upper piston chamber l11d as compared with the lower piston-chamber SB-in part by the action of the heavy compression spring 39d; and in part by the reactionof the upwardly moving current of liquid on the flanges 92 of the rotating head 6d.

rlhe pump-turbo-reciprocating-rotary conversion device is not certain and invariable in its action as the screw-gear conversion devices illustrated in 1, 8 and 11; but, under some conditions of opera-tion,

`this flexibility of conversion actionis an adlgether by a pinion in the manner illustrated in Fig. 1; and it is also clear that this pinion may be positively driven by a shaft screw and not connected like that shown in Fig. S. Those skilled in this art will also appreciate that the first four constructions l previously described may, on the other hand, be readily modified by omitting the screwgear 'conversion devices-(cr by temporarily rendering them inactive by the removal of one of the coacting clutch or gear parts,) and relying solely on 'the vpump-turbo conversion means for providing aV revolution of the cuttei1 disk independently of any movement due to the rotationoic the drill head. Various other structural changes, both in the detail design and arrangement of the various parts, and in the manner of assembling the operative combination asa whole. will be readily suggested, to those familiar 'with these rotary drills, by the several typical' embodiments which l have chosento illustrate my present invention.

The characteristic features of operation -of -my improved type of reciprocatingrotary drill constructions-which are the common distinguishing characteristics of all of the varying forms of structure hereinbefore describedwill now be clear without further explanation.

The effect of the combined reciprocatory and rotary movements of the drill stem or of the reciprocating movement alone'will be to impart to the cutters a positive revolution on their axes which is independent of, or supplemental to. the usual rolling nievement of these members on the bottom of the hole; this positive driving action being produced by, and due to the reciprocation of the drill stem. This `positive drive will overcome any tendency of the cutters to clog and stick in the soft material'at the bottom of -the hole; and will further assist in a more even cutting away, and a more effective pulverization or disintegrated, 'of the material being drilled. The automatic alternate increase and decrease of pressure on the cutters of thedrill-which results fromV the reciprocation of the drill stem-serves the purpose oi preventing a too rapid penetration of soft materials and also permits the cutter members to periodically readjust themselves to the most eective operative position. Occasionally a rotary disk drill will, because of too great pressure, cut away the hole faster than the material thus loosened can be disintegrated. and carried to the surface by the upward current ofl flushing water. This is lvery apt to result in a clogging or balling up of the bit. By the use of my improvement, however, the maximum pressure on the drill head can never exceed the maximum tension on the resilient members interposed between the driving head and the drill head on therdownward stroke of the drill stem, and this can be easily and 'quickly controlled by simply varying the length of the reciprocating stroke, or by controlling the mean rate of descent of the reciprocating parts. l

An additional means of preventing the clogging of the cutters of my improved type of bit is provided by the pumping action of the mutually reciprocable parts of the v drill head and the driving head, which forces the water against the cutters, and the bottom of the hole, in a series of j ets where velocity is quite independent of any .difference in` pressure between the supply Aof ushing liquid flowing downward through the hollow drill stem and thev upwardly moving current of mud charged water surrounding Athe drill head. The reciprocating movement of the drill stem.l and the members attached thereto. and the alternate increase and decrease of pressure onthe bit head produced thereby, also serves to give the boring tool a continuous spi'idding and pumping action in churning up and further tends to prevent the balling up of the drill `parts and the choking of the bore hole when operating in relatively soft l strata.

V I thus obtain in my improved drill constructions a combination of advantages;

which are only in part characteristic of the y i "usual types of rotary bit structures-using cutters of either the' cone roller or the inclined disk, or the vertical disk; or of the `horizontal disk typesand are in part characteristic of the differentl forms of the reciprocating or percussion class of boring tools.

Having thus described my invention what carryingV .away 'the excavated material; and this ciprocable members, one of which is attached to the drill head, and the other of which is attached to the drill stein, said members acting when reciprocated to cause a positive rotation ot said cutters.

2. In a rotary well boring drill, the combinationofa drill head, with a driving head having rotary; cutters thereon secured thereto and comprising two telescopic members the upper one of which reciprocates relative to the lower whereby said rotary cutters are positively operated and means to transmit rotary movement from one of said members to the other.

3. In a rotary well boring drill, the combination of a drill head, with rotatable cutters mounted thereon, and a driving head comprising two relatively reciprocable members one of which is secured to vthe drill :one of these members into a positive rotary motion of the said cutters. I l

5. In a rotary well boring drill, the combination o'f a drill head, rotatable cutters mounted thereon, a driving head secured to said drill head and comprising two relatively reciprocable members, a drive shaft mounted in the drill head, and geared to the rotatable cutters, and means acting on said shaft for converting the longitudinal movement of the reciprocating members into a rotary movement of the said drive shaft and the said cutters. Y

6. In a'rotary well boring drill, the coinbination of la drill head, rotatable cutters mounted thereon; a driving head secured to said drill head and comprising two relatively reciprocable members the upper one of which is adapted for attachment to a drill stem; means for transmititngrotary movement from one of said members to the other,

upper member to vthe rotatable cutters and adapted to convert the longitudinal movement ot said member into a rotary move- -ment oit' the said cutters.

7. In a rotary well boring drill, the combination ota drillv head; rotatable cutters mounted thereon; means to rotate said drill mounted thereon; a driving head secured to said drill head and comprising'one meinber iiXed to the drill head and another meinber longitudinally movable with respect lto the head; a driving shaft longitudinally disposed in the reciprocating member; and means including said shaft i'or converting` the longitudinal movement of the reciprocating member' into a rotary motion of the said cutters.

8. In a rotary well boring drill; the combination of a drill head; rotatable cutters mounted thereon; a driving head secured to said drill head, a driving shaft rotatably supported in said drill head and extending into said driving head; gea-rs connecting said shaft and said cutters; and a reciprocating member mounted in said driving head and cooperating -with said shaft to rotate said cutters.

9. In a rotary well boring drill; the combination of a drill head; rotatable cutte-rs mounted thereon; a rotatable driving head secured thereto; a sha-ft mounted in said drill head and extending into the driving head, years connecting the said shaft to the Y'said cutters; and a screw connection be-v tween said driving head and said s-haiit whereby said shaft and cutters are rotated independently ot the rotation oi said head. 10. A combination such as is set forth in claim 10, with separate means to rotate said drill head.

11. In a rotary well boringdrill; the combination oi a drill head, a rotatable cutter head and separate means connected with said iirst mentioned means to produce air independent rotation oi? the said cutter; comprising a rotatable shatt with opera- Y tive connection to said cutter and a driving means 'for said shalt operated by the reciprocation of said drill head.

12. In a rotary Well boring drill, the com-y bination of a drill head; a rotatable cutter mounted thereon; a driving head comprising two relatively movable members; a sliding pin and slot engagement' for transmitting rotary movement from one of said members to the drill head; and separate means including a. screw threaded shaft cooperating with a nut on the other of said members to impart an independent rotation to the rotatable cutter.

13. In a rotary well boring drill, the com-V binatioii ot a diill head a rotatable cutter on the iirst member; and means including;

a screw threaded shaft for producing` a rotation of the said cutter by the reciprocation of said second member.

14. In a rotary well boring drill, the combination of a drill head, rotatable cutters supported thereon, a driving head; a shaft mounted in the drill head; gears connecting the said shaft and the said cutters, and means actuated by the reciproration oi said driving head and cooperating with the said shaft and the said driving head to rotate the shaft and the cutters, on their own axes.

15. A rotary well boring drill comprising in combination a drill head; rotatable cutters mounted thereon; a driving head secured to said drill head and comprising two relatively reciprocable members; a drivingshaft mounted in the drill head and extending into the driving head; means for rotating the said shaft by the longitudinal movement of the reciprocable member and gears connecting the said shaft and the said cutters.

16. In a rotary well boring drill, the combination oi2 a drill head; a sleeve secured thereto; 4and a piston member reciprocably mounted in said sleeve, and constituting therewith a single action pump adapted to draw liquid from the space above the sleeve and force it through chambers in the drill head to the lower end thereof.

17. In a rotary well boring drill; the combination of a drill head; rotatable cutters mounted thereon; a sleeve secured thereto and provided with water channels adapted to discharge flushing water on the rotatable cutters; and a piston member reriprocably mounted Yin said sleeve and provided with valve controlled channels adapted to supply water to the piston chamber on the up stroke of said reciprocable piston member.

18. In -a rotary well boring drill, the combination et a drill head; rotary cutters mounted and housed therein, and means actuated by the movement of the drill parts Yfor forcing streams of flushing fluid into the space surrounding the rotary cutters.

19. In a rotary well boring drill7 the com Vbination oi' a drill head; rotary cutters housed therein and means lactuated by the movement or the drill parts `for forcibly discharging jets of flushing water against the said cutters.

20. In a. rotary well boring drill; the conibination of a drill head; rotatable cutters housed therein; and a driving head coni- .prising a sleeve, a piston member reciprocable in said sleeve, and means for utilizing the reciprocation of the piston member for forcibly discharging jets of water on the said cutters.

21. In a rotary well boring drill, the coinbination of a drill head; lrotatable cutters housed therein; a driving head comprising one member fixed to the drill head and a second member reciprocably mountedthereon7 means for converting the reciprocating movement of the second member into a rotary movement of the cutters on said head and means to hold the cutters in continuous cutting engagement with the bottom of the hole.

22. In a rotary well boring drill, the combination of a drill head; rotatable cutters mounted thereon; a collar attached to said drill head; a reciprocable member adapted l for attachment toa drill stem; gearing connecting the said reciprocable member with the cutters and adapted to positively rotate said cutters by the reciprocating movement of said member; and means to prevent reciprocation of the drill head.

23. In a rotary well boring drill the combination of a head, a cutter revolubly supported thereon, a member reciprocably mounted on the said head, and means for revolving the said cutter by the reciprocable movement of the said member. Y

24. In a rotary well boring drill ,the combination of a head, a revoluble cutter carried by the said head, a reciprocable member mounted on the head, and means for revolving the said cutter by the relative reciprocable movement of the member and the i head.

25. In a well boringtool the combination of a rotary head, a reciprocable member and a revoluble cutter mounted thereon and reciprocable rotary conversion means adapted to produce a rotary movement of the cutter on said `lhead by the reciprocable movement of the member on the head.

26. In a rotary well boring drill the combination of a drill head, a rotatable cutter supported thereon, a reciprocable member mounted on an extension of said drill, means for utilizing the reciprocating movement of said member to rotate the rotatable cutter on its axis, and other means for utilizing said reciprocating movement to- `forcibly discharge jets of water into the space adjacent said rotatable cutter.

27. In a rotary well boring drill the combination of aV drill head, a cutter rotatably mounted thereon, a driving head secured to said head and comprising a reciprocable member; means for utilizing the reciprocation of the said member to force jets of water into the space aro-und the rotatable cutter; and other means for converting the reciprocating movement of said member into a rotary driving movement of the said cutter.

28. In a rotary well boring drill the combination of a drill head, a cutter revolubly supported thereon, a sleeve member secured to said head, a piston member shaped for attachment to a hollow drill stem and reciprocably mounted in the sleeve member, means for utilizing the reciprocating movement of the piston member to draw water from the interior of the hollow drill stem and force it through openings in thedrill head; and other means for converting the said reciprocating movement into a revolving movement of the revoluble cutter.

' In testimony whereol:l I hereunto affix my signature this the 28th day of January, A. D. 1919.

FRANK L. O. WADSWORTI-I.

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