US1385845A - Steam-generating system - Google Patents

Description

L. L. SCOTT.

STEAM GENERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 8,1918.

Patented July 26, 1921.

IIIIIIIIIII UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS L. SCOTT, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A GQRPORATION.

STEAM-GENERATING I SYSTEM.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LEWIS L. Soo'r'r, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Steam-Gencrating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is constructed with especial reference to its use upon steam driven automobiles, by means of which to automatically so control the delivery of fuel to the combustionchamber, and water to the generator, that steam shall be generated in said generator in the volume necessary to meet the varying demands therefor, and shall be maintained in substantially uniform condition as to pressure and temperature. The specific embodiment. of the invention shown is contrived with special reference to its use in connection with a steam generator of the semi-flash type.

Regulators for use in semi-flash boilers have heretofore been devised which, theoretically, should give perfect results; but in actual practice they do not, because of their sluggish action and because of the time required to realize theQefl'ects caused by the action of said regulators. Overheating of the generator or flooding same with water is the usual result, unless the regulators are assisted manually by a skilled operaton.

One object of my invention is to provide a steam generatin system that can be put into operation by -t e closing of an electric switch, and to provide automatic devices for such system which will keep the steam at a constant pressure and temperature regardless of the sudden changes in demand for steam. A further object is to make said devices instantaneous in their action, so that when there is a sudden call for a large amount of steam there will be no material drop in the steam pressure. A further object is to provide safet devices for the steam generatln system w ich will automatically shut 0 the fire, if the water tank is empty, or will shut off the water from the generator if thefuel tank is empty, and further to provide a system in which heavy hydro-carbon fuel can be ignited at normal temperature by electric ignition means, and so arranged that if the electric device fails, unburned fuel cannot be forcedinto the combustion chamber and water cannot be forced to the generator coils. In

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 26, 1921. Application filed February 8, 1918.

Serial No. 216,024.

other words, it is a system that can be used by the average unskilled driver of an automobile, without fear of damage to any part of said system, and without fear of danger to the operator of said automobile.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram of parts and connections illustrating one embodiment of my invention,

Fig. 2 is an end View of a sparking device used for igniting the fuel mixture in the combustion system,

Fig. 3 is a side view of one of the elements of said sparking device.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the steam generating coils of a semi-flash boiler such as shown in Patent No. 659,837 to R. H. White. 2- is a continuous tube preheating coil which is connected to the steam generator coils through the check valve 3,. said check valve allowing water to pass from the. preheating coil to the generating coils. 4c is a steam storage coil, one end of which is connected to the steam outlet pipe 5 through the blow off valve 6 (said blow off valve being set to allow steam to pass from the generating coils 1 to the steam storage coil 4, when the pressure in said generator coils 1 has reached a predetermined amount andwhen steam is being generated in coils 1 in excess of the demand therefor) and the other end of the steam storage coil 4 is connected to the steam generating coils 1 through the check valve 7 at any convenient point such as shown at 8. It will be noted that at no time will the steam storage coil rob the generator coils 1 of steam, or in any way interfere with the regular generating of steam in said generating coils 1. The purpose of said steam storage coil is to fill in the gap of the few seconds required for the fire to become effective (once said fire has been automatically shut off and there comes a sudden demand for steam) by returning the steam stored in said storage coil to the generator coils 1, when the pressure in said generator coils drops below the pressure in the steam storage coil. This action is entirely automatic.

The pipe 9is connected to the steam stor age coil and runs to the Bourdon tube 10. Said Bourdon tube 10 acts, at a predeter-- mined pressure in the steam storage coil, to open an electric switch. The purpose of such action will be described later.

The steam generator coils, steam storage coils and the preheating coils are all inclosed by a suitable refractory heat insulating material, the steam generator coils being separated from the steam storage and preheating coils by the partition 11 which forms two compartments; said partition being made of refractory material and terminating short of the top of the casing inclosing the coils and providing communication between the two compartments for the products of combustion which pass out of the casing at the lower part of the compartment containing the preheating and steam storage coils.

The steam outlet pipe 5 connects, through a suitable throttle valve 12, to the steam engine 13. The exhaust pipe 14 of said engine is preferably run through the water tank 15 (for the purpose of cooling the exhaust steam and heating the water in said tank) to a suitable steam condenser, not shown. i

For supplying water to the steam generator I use two plunger water pumps 16 and 17. While both of these pumps may be driven from the steam engine, I prefer in some cases, to drive the pump 16 from the steam engine and the pump 17 by an electric motor 18.- The numeral 19 indicates a worm, on the electric motor shaft 19*, which drives the worm wheel 20; said worm wheel carrying the crank pin 21 which connects to the piston of the pump 17, through the rod 22. The pump 17 is provided with the usual check valves 23 and the pump 16 is likewise provided with the check valves 24. The intake pipe 25, to the pumps, connects with the lower part of the water tank 15. The discharge pipe 26, from the pumps, connects to the lower end of the preheating coil 2.

An air compressor 27 is preferably driven from the steam engine 13 (although it may be driven by an electric motor) and furnishes air at high pressure to the tank 28; said air tank 28 is provided with a hand pump 29. Air from the tank 28 passes through the reducing valve 30, which allows air to flow from the tank at a low and constant pressure, and enters the pipes 31 and 32. The pipe 31 leads to the top of the fuel tank 33 and forces the fuel in said tank to the float valve 34. The pipe 32 leads to the air nozzle 35, which-nozzle serves the purpose of atomizing fuel from the fuel nozzle 36, said fuel nozzle being connected to the float valve 34. While I have shown but one air and one fuel nozzle, any number of these nozzles may be used as desired. The atomized fuel is ignited by the spark plug 37 sald spark plug being connected to the hlgh tension winding 38 of a vibrating spark coil.

As before stated, I prefer to use a heavy hydro arb n q uel, such as kerosene,

which is atomized as before described, and

ignited at normal temperature by the electric spark. I have found that there are certain conditions which regulate the initiation of combustion (by an electric spark) of a mixture of air and atomized kerosene, z'. 6., the ratio of the air to the fuel, size of particles of fuel, velocity at which particles of fuel travel, and the quantity of heat generated by the electric spark. Liquid kerosene cannot be finely divided by atomizing same with a low pressure blower. There must be a pressure of at least two lbs., in order to finely divide said fuel. If the fuel is finely divided, and the common spark plug (such as used on gasolene engines) is used for igniting same, I have found that the mixture of air and fuel must be rich in hydro-carbon or ignition will not take place. In order to make a completely combustible mixture, an additional supply of air must be added. Any suitable means may be employed to supply this additional air; in the drawing I show a blower 39 which is driven by the electric motor 18. The resultant mixture is directed to the combustion chamber 40 through the tube 41. I have found that a completely combustible mixture of air and finely divided kerosene can be ignited by a series of electric sparks, such as shown in the sparking device in Figs. 2 and 3,in which 42 is a porcelain insulator containing a series of spark points 43. A number of spark tubes 42 (see Fig. 2) are required if the velocity of the mixture is high. Said tubes may be joined by the insulator ring 44..

The controls for the fuel mixture of the burner, the water to the steam generator and current to the spark plug will next be described.

The numeral 45 indicates a storage battery which may be charged by a suitable dynamo, not shown. 46 is a manually operated switch connecting through the wire 46 with the positive side of the battery. The wire 47 is connected to an insulating screw 48. A spring held lever 49 is arranged to normally make contact with the screw 48; sald lever 49 is arranged in cooperative relation with the free end of the Bourdon tube 10, the relation between the Bourdon tube 10 and the lever 49 being such that when the pressure of steam to which the Bourdon tube is subjectedreaches a predetermined amount, the lever 49 will move away from the screw 48 and break the electric circuit between said screw 48 and lever 49. The wire 50 is connectedto the lever 49 and leads to a point 51, 'at which point the circuit divides. A wire 52 connects with the wire 50 at the point 51 and runs to the primary winding 53 of a vibrating spark coil. e

A solenoid 54 is connected in series with the wire 55 leading to the spark plug 37. he numeral 56 indicates a stationary insu- The core 58 of thesolenoid 54 makes contact with the part 56 and is connected to the mo- 1 tor 18 by the wire 59. When the normal amount of current is flowing tothe spark plug 37, the spring 60 on solenoid 54: maintams. the core 58 in ehgagement with the contact 56 and preventsthe opening of the circuit to the motor 18, but it an abnormal amount of current is passing through the solenoid 54: (due to a'short circuit in the Y spark plug 37), the solenoid acts to open the circuit to the motor 18. lln this operation the core 58 is drawn downward against the resistance of the spring 66 to separate it from engagement with the contact 56 whereby the circuit to the motor is broken over the wire 59. Under these conditions the motor 18 (and all electrical equipment connected in series. therewith) cannot operate until the spark plug 37 is restoredto normal working condition.

The wire 61 leads from the motor 18 to a solenoid 62. Une end of the core of said solenoid 62 is connected to a brass stem 62 (nonmagnetic), of the valve 63' in the air line 32. lhe other end of the core oi the solenoid 62 is connected to a piston 6t, which :operates in the cylinder 65 ;.said cylinder 65 has a small opening 66 at its lower end which connects to the atmosphere. The "wire 67 from one side or the primary coil 53 is connected to the cylinder 65. The wire 68 is connected to the negative side of the battery 45 and runs to the insulated contact 69. The core of the solenoid 62 carries the sliding contact 70 which operates to open and close the circuit to the primary coil 53.

When the sliding contact 70 is in engagement with the insulated contact 69, current will flow through the cod 53 over wires 47, 50, 52, 67 and 68. When current passes through the solenoid 62 the stem 62 will be drawn to the right against the resistance of the spring 71 and the valvein the air line 32 will be opened, allowing air to pass to the nozzle 35 whereby said. air will draw fuel from the nozzle 36 and atomize same; said mixture, which is rich in hydro-carbon, is ignited by the spark plug 37 and additional air to form a completely combustible mixture is supplied from the motor-driven blower 39. The movement of the piston 64. is timed by the size or the opening 66 in the .cylinder 65 in order to control the rate of movement of the contact 7 0 over the contact 69, andburrent to the primary spark coil 53 is cut oil when contact 70, moves or of said contact 69 after a predetermined period of time. The spring-71 returns the core or the solenoid 62 to normal position when the current is not running through the solenoid. The wire 72connects the solenoid 62 to the contact 73- The numeral 7% indicates a diaphragm which is pressed into contact with. the insulated point 75, by the weight of the 7 fuel in tank 33 on said diaphragm. If the fuel tank is empty the diaphragm 74 acts to break the circuit between the screw 73 and the point 75. This operates to cut out the motor 18 by breaking the circuit thereto over the wire 72. -The wire 76 connects to the point and runs to the screw 77 on the water tank. 78 is a diaphragm which is pressed into contact with the insulated point 9 by'the weight of the water in tank 15. If the water tank is empty, the diaphragm 78 acts to break the circuit between the screw 77 and the point 79. This also operates to cut out the motor by breaking the circuit thereto over the wires 7 6 and 72. The wire 80 leads from the point 79 to the negative side of the battery 45, which completes the circuit.

The water pump 17 is driven by the motor 18, and the blower 39 is also driven by said motor 18. As air to the nozzle 35 is always furnished at a constant lined pressure (by virtue of the reducing valve 30) and is controlled by the solenoid 62v which is connected in series with the motor 18, it will be seen that the fuel to the combustion chamber and water to the generator, from pump 17, will the burner, and water to the generator, supplied by the action of the pump 17, will .be turned on or cut 06 according to the demand for steam as governed by road conditions. Such instantaneous control or the spark-plug, burner, and pump is eifected though the action of the Bourdon tube 10,

which operates, according to the pressure of steam in the generator, tomake or break the contact between the lever 4:9 and screw 48, and thereby close or open, respectively, the circuit to the motor 18, which governs the operation of said spark plug, burner, and pump.

When lever 19 is in contact with screw 48, the circuit to the motor is closed from battery {15 through switch 46, wire 47, screw 48, arm 4:9, wire 50, wire 57, contacts 56 and 58, wire 59 and wires 61, 72, 76 and 80. When the arm 49 is moved out of contact lid with screw 48, it is obvious that the connec- 7 tion between wires 47 and 50 will be broken contact 70 into engagement with the stationarycontact 69 thereby placing the primary spark coil 53 in the circuit ofthe battery as heretofore described. Current to the spark plug 37 then passes from the secondary coil 38 over the wire through solenoid 54 to the spark lug, the return being through ground. hen the contacts &9 and 48 are separated, or when the sliding contact 70 passes off of the fixed contact 69, no current can pass to the coil 53 and hence the spark plug will be cut out.

The pump 17 is operated direct from the motor 18 by means of the shaft 19 and worm 19, as heretofore described. When the arm 49 breaks contact with screw 48, cutting out the motor 18, it necessarily follows that the pump 17 will cease to operate and the supply of water to the generator will be discontinued.

Finally, when the circuit to the motor is broken by the movement of the arm 49 out of engagement with the screw 48, the solenoid 62 will be deenergized, the valve 63 closed to prevent air passage through the pipe 32 to the nozzle 35 and hence the burner will cease to function as the supply of fuel to the burner is dependent upon the blast'of air from the nozzle 35.

As it is desirable to change the ratio between the water supplied by pump 17 and the fuel to the combustion chamber, (under different load conditions) I provide the water pump 16 as before described. I will now describe the control of the water from pump 16 to the generator coils.

I prefer to use a vapor tension thermostat 81 which is connected to the steam generator coils 1, in the liquid heating portlon of said coils. The thermostat is subjected to temperature chan s of the fluid in the generator coils 1. he pipe 82 connects the thermostat 81 to the Bourdon tube '83. When a predetermined pressureis created in said Bourdon tube 83 (by reason of the high temperature in the portion of the generator where the thermostat 81 .is located),'said tube will move. the spring held lever 84 into contact with the insulated screw 85, to close an electric circuit. This circuit comprises a wire 86 connected to the arm 84 and leading to a solenoid 87, a return wire 86' leading from the solenoid 87 and connected to the wire 80 which pames to the negative side of the battery 45, wire 47 and a branch wire 47 connecting wire 47 with the contact screw 85. The core ofthe solenoid 87 is connected to a valve stem 87 which controls a valve-88 in the suction line of the pump 16. A spring 89 operates normally to raise the core of the solenoid 87 and close the valve 88.

When contact is made between arm 84 and screw 85, due to increased temperature, the solenoid 87 will be energized and operate to draw. downward stem 87 against the resistance of spring 85 and open the valve 88 in .the suction line of pump 16 so that addi tional water will be pumped to the generator until such time as the thermostat cools down and the pressure drops in the Bourdon tube 83, which latter then moves to break contact between arm 84 and screw 85 and thereby break the electric circuit to solenoid 87, whereupon the valve 88 in the suction.

line of the pump 16 will be closed automatically by action of the spring 89.

It Wlll be seen from the foregoing that I have rovided a steam generating system, where y the fuel to'the combustion chamber and the water to the generator are supplied in substantial unisdn and in definite relations, and thatsaid supplies are controlled instantly accordin to changes in the demand for steam. have also provided an additional Water supply which operates independently of the first mentioned water supply, whereby the ratio between fuel and water can be changed automatically, depending on the temperature at a fixed point in the steam generator coils. I have provided an electric system which makes the above mentioned operation instantaneous, and whereby there is a certain cooperative relation between the working of each part in the system and in which the dan ers of burning the generator, or flooding t e generator with water, or flooding the combustion chamber with unburned fuel, have been eliminated. I have also provided a means which cooperates with the regulating devices, to store steam during periods that the generator is not working to full capacity and to return said steam to the generator coils, if there is a slight drop in pressure in said generating coils, due to small inaccurary in said re ulating devices.

I have described the best embodiment of my invention now known to me; but it is to be understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

I claim 1. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying lkpuid to the generator, means for supplying ratus for automatica ly controlling, elther to turn on or to shut off in substantial unifuel for heating the generator;

son, said electrical device, the supply of liquid to the generator and the supply of 3. In an apparatus forgenerating steam, a steam generator, an electncally driven pump for furnishing liquid to the generator, a burner, electrically controlled means for furnishing a fuel mixture to said burner, an electrical device for igniting said fuel mixture, an electrical circuit including the said electrically driven means, the controlling means for the fuel mixture and said i niting device, and a make-and-hreak switc in said circuit, whereby on closing said switch the supply of liquid to the generator, the supply of fuel mixture to the burner and the ignition of said fuel mixture may be occasioned in substantial unison. I

40 111 an apparatus for generating steam, a

, steam generator, a pump for furnishing liquid to the-generator, a burner, electrically controlled means for furnishing a fuel mixture to said burner, an electrical device for igniting said fuel mixture, a lolower for supplying air to the ignited mixture, a motor for simultaneously operating said pump and blower, an electrical circuit including the motor, said electrical igniting device and the controlling means for the fuel mixture, and a make-and-break switch in said circuit, whereby on closing said switch the functions of liquid supply, fuel supply, combustion, and air supply may be simultaneously initiated.

5. ln an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel mixture for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting said fuel mixture, and single means for automatically and siinultaneously controlling said electrical device, the supply of liquid to the generator and the supply of fuel tor heating the generator.

6. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying li uid to the generator, means for supplying a tuel mixture for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting said fuel mixture, and singleuineans governed loy generator conditions for automatically controlling'in substantial unison said electrical device, the supply of liquid to the generator and the supply of fuel for heating the genorator.

7. Flu an apparatus for generating steam, a stearn generator, means for supplying lie nid to the generator, means tor supplying a i rel mixture for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting said tool mixture, and means for automaticall controlling said electricalidevice, the supp y or liquid to the generator, and the fuel for heating the generator, in substantial unison With the rise or fall thepressure of steam alcove or below a predetermined degree.

" 8. In an apparatus for generating-steam,a steam generator, an electrically controlled device for en pl 1i uid to the orator an electricall y cgl llii olle ddevice fo r s upply ingfuel forheating-the generator, anelectrical device for igniting said fuel, and means governed by generator conditions for automatically closing or opening the elec-' tric circuits to said igniting device, the device for supplying liquid to the generator and the device for supplying fuel for heating the generator.

9. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, an electrically controlled device for supplying liquid to the generator, an electrically controlled device for supplying fuel for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting said fuel, and means, governed by generator conditions, for automatically and simultaneously opening or closing the electric circuit to said igniting device, the device controlling the sup ply of liquid to the generator and the device controlling the supply of fuel for heating the generator.

10. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel mixture for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting said fuel mixture, means for automatically controlling in substantial unison said electrical device, the supply of liquid to the generator and the supply of fuel for heating the genorator, and independent means for automatically varying the relation between the supplies of liquid and fuel.

11. in an apparatus for-generating steam, a steam generator, an electrically controlled device for supplying li uid to the generator, an electrically controlle device for en gm plying fuel for heating the generator, an ectrical device tor igniting said fuel, means governed lay generator conditions tor automatt .cally controlling the operation or the three devices named, and independent means, also governed by genera-tor conditions, for automatically varying the relation between the supplies oi liquid and fuel.

1%. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, an electrically controlled device for supplying liquid to the generator, on electricall controlled device for supplying fuel tor eating the generator, an electrical device for igniting said fuel, means governed h variations in steam pressure for automatica y controllin the operation of the three devices name and independent means, governed loy temperature conditions in the generator, for automatically varying the relation between the supplies of liquid and fuel.

13. In an apparatus for generating steam, a. steam generator, means for supplying liquid to the generator, means for-supplying fuel for heatin the generator, an elecmeal-device for igniting the fuel, and autorec matic means, rendered operative by a short circuit in said igniting dev1ce,.for shutting off the supply of fuel and liquid in substantial unison.

14. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying liquid to the generator, a tank for containing the liquid, means for supplying fuel for heating the generator, a cut-off device associated with said liquid tank, and automatic means for shutting off the fuel rendered operative by said cut-off device when the liquid in the liquid tank has fallen to a predetermined level.

15. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying liquid to the generator, means for supplying fuel for heating the generator, a tank containing said fuel, a cut-off device associated with said fuel tank, and automatic means for shutting oifthe liquid to the generator rendered operative by said cut-01f device when the fuel in the fuel tank has fallen to a predetermined level.

16. In an apparatus for generating steam, comprising a steam generator, a combustion chamber arranged in cooperative relation with the same, and a steam engine connected to the steam delivering pipe of said generator, a liquid supply for the generator comprising two water pumps and, their connections to a source of liquid, one of said pumps bein driven from said engine, a fuel supply to tl de combustion chamber, an electric device for ignitinthe fuel, means for automatically controllmg the liquid supply from one of said pumps, the fuel supply and said electrical device in substantial unison and in accordance with generator conditions, and independent means for automatically controlling the supply of liquid from the other pum accordingto generator conditions.

17. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, a fuel supply for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting the fuel, a liquid supply for the genera tor comprising two water umps, a steam engine for driving one of said water pumps, an electric motor for driving the other pump, means for controllin the electrically driven water pump the fuel supply and said electrical device in substantial unison, said means beingbrought into operation by generator conditions and independent means for automaticallv controlling the liquid from the steam engine driven pump according to generator conditions.

18. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, 2. fuel supply for heating the generator, an igniting device for the fuel, a pump for furnishing water to the generator, and means governed by generator conditions for automatically controlling in substantial unison-the operation of said igniting device, said pump V'and'the fuel supply.

19. In an apparatus for generating steam,

a steam generator, a fuel supply for heating the generator, an igniting device for the fuel, a pump for furnishing water to the generator, and means rendered operative by the rise or fall in steam pressure in the generator above or below a prescribed range for automatically controlling the operation of said igniting device, said water pump and the fuel supply in substantial unison.

20. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, an electrically controlled fuel supply for heating the generator, an electrical igniting device for the fuel, an electrically driven pump for furnishing water to the generator, an electrical circuit including the electrical driving means, the fuel supply control and the igniting device, and means governed by generator conditions for opening and closing said circuit whereby to automatically control said pump, fuel supply and igniting device.

21. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, a fuel supply for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting the fuel mixture, a liquid supply for the generator comp-rising two water pumps and their connections to a source of liquid, a steam engine 'for driving one of said pumps, an electric motor for driving the other pump, means rendered operative by the rise or fall in steam pressure in the generator above or below a prescribed range for controlling the supply of fuel, said electrical device and the supply of liquid from the electrically driven pump, and means rendered operative by the rise or fall in the temperature of the fluid in the generator above or below a prescribed range for controlling the supply of the liquid to the generator from the steam engine driven pump.

22. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means i for supplying liquid to the enerator, means for supplying fuel for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting the fuel mixture, means governed by generator conditions for automatically controlling the electrical device and the fuel and liquid supplies in substantial unison, and means or automatically adding an additional supply of liquid to the enerator in accordance with generator con itions. I

23. In an apparatus for generating steam,

a steam generator, means for supplying liquid to the nerator, means for suppl fuel for heating the generator, an igniting,

tive by the rise or fallin temperature of the fluid in the generator above or below a prescribed range for automatically controlling said additional liquid supply to the generator.

24. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying a liquid thereto, an electrical device for controlling said supply of liquid, means for supplying fuel for heating the generator, an

electrical device for controlling said supply of fuel,'an electrical device for igniting the fuel, and means rendered operative by a fall in steam pressure in the generator below a given amount for bringing said devices into operation.

25. In an apparatus for generatin steam, a steam generator, means for supp ying a liquid thereto, an electrical device for controlling said supply of liquid, means for supplying fuel for heating the generator, an electrical device for controlling the supply of fuel, an electrical device for igniting the fuel, means renderedoperative by a fall in the steam pressure in the generator below a given amount for bringing said devices into operation in substantial unison, an additional liquid supply for the generator, an electrical device for controlling said additional liquid supply, and means rendered operative by a rise intemperature of the liquid in the generator above a given degree for bringing said additional liquidsupply controlling device into operation.

26. In an apparatus for generatin steam, a steam generator, comprising a p of pipe coils connected in series, means for supplying liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel mixture for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting the fuel mixture, and single means governed by generator conditions for automatically controlling in substantial unison said electrical device, the supply of liquid to the generator and the supply of fuel for heating the generator.- v

27. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator of the flash type, an elecurality trically controlled device for supplying liquid to the generator, an electrically controlled device for suppl ing fuel for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting the fuel, and means governed by generator conditions for automatically controllin said devices.

28. u an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator of the flash type, an electrically controlled device for sup-plying liquid to the generator, an electrically controlled device for supplying fuel for heating the generator, an electrical device for igniting the fuel, means governed by generator conditions for automatically controlling said devices in substantial unison, and independent means for automatically chang: ing the relation between the supplies of liquid and fuel.

29. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, means for supplying liquid to the generator, means for supplying fuel for heating the generator, an electrically controlled device for igniting said fuel, and means for initiating the functions of the liquid and fuel supply means and the device for igniting the fuel from a single source of control.

30. In an apparatus for generating steam, a steam generator, an electrically controlled device for supplying liquid to the generator,

an electrically controlled device for sup-plying fuel for heating the generator, an electrically controlled device for igniting said fuel, and means governed by generator conditions for automatically opening and closing the electrical circuit to said igniting device, the device for supplying liquid to the generator and the device for supplying fuel for heating the generator.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 5th day of February, 1918.

LEWIS L. SCOTT. -Witnesses:

. MELBA S. STUMZPF,

GAIL MAoUmE.

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