US138171A - Improvement in caps to prevent the bursting of carbonic-acid and other vessels - Google Patents
Improvement in caps to prevent the bursting of carbonic-acid and other vessels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US138171A US138171A US138171DA US138171A US 138171 A US138171 A US 138171A US 138171D A US138171D A US 138171DA US 138171 A US138171 A US 138171A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- disk
- acid
- carbonic
- disks
- vessels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 10
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000284 resting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000008454 Hyperhidrosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010040003 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
- F16K17/14—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member
- F16K17/16—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs
- F16K17/162—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs of the non reverse-buckling-type
Definitions
- the invention therefore, consists of a cap possessing the double function of closing the charging bung or orifice of carbonic-acid generators or other vessels containing compressed elastic fluids, 'and of a metallic disk so constructed as to rupture at a uniform pressure under varying degrees of temperature, and thereby to act as a safety-"alve in case of undue pressure.
- the invention also consists of a novel method of constructing the case in which the disk is secured; also, in a novel method of disch'arging the contents of such vessel when the disk is ruptured; also, of a novel method of constructing the disks to resist the corrosive action of the materials used in generating carbonic acid and other gases produced by the action of corrosive chemicals; and it further consists in an improved method of constructing the disks so as to insure the "the rupture at a uniform pressure at varying temperatures.
- sheet-iron may be first stamped of the right size, and afterward plated withcopper, testing the thickness of the disks by carefully weighing or gaging. After being coated with copper the disks may be annealed, which is found to improve them. I have also soldered the copper to the fine iron, and then rolled the sheets in the same manner as metals are frequently plated. The sheets may then be annealed. The disks are then cut out and carefully assorted by weighing or gaging, and tested and marked before being packed for use.
- the disks are somewhat concave on the side protected by foil or other coating. They are then wrapped in paper marked with the pressure which they can resist, with proper directions for use, and then placed in boxes in proper quantity for the market. The seats and vents between which the disks are to be placed are to be accurately grooved so as to fit the different disks so that each disk will fit exactly the seat for which it is intended.
- Figure l is a vertical sectional elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan view.
- the device is composed of a cap, 0, having a screw-thread, h, which fits the screw on the charging-bung.
- g g is an annular seat having grooves turnedin it, as shownin Fig. 1. aisthe safety-disk resting on the seat, and secured by the internal nut D D having grooves fitting into the grooves in the seat 9 g.
- F is a square opening serving the double purpose of insertin g the key or wrench to screw up the nut upon the disk, and also for the passage of the gases from the vessel in case the disk is ruptured.
- E is a washer, preferably of lead or lead alloy, which is soldered to the nut D by sweating.
- B is the explosion-chamber, which serves to secure the ruptured disk and to communicate with the passages 11 t, which are inclined downward and opening on the exterior of the cap.
- the disk a as above described, made of such strength as to be ruptured by an approximately-known pressure somewhat less than the pressure the generator is capable of sustaining with safety, is inserted in the cap 0, resting on the seat 9 g.
- the nut D is then screwed down tightly upon the disk, as shown in the drawing.
- the cap is then screwed on the charging-bung of the generator, which fits the screw h, and tightens upon the packing E.
- the pressure in the generator which also impinges upon the disk, exceeds the point of safety the disk is ruptured and the pressure is relieved by the escape into the explosionchamber, and passes out through the canals in a downward direction, thus avoiding the scattering of the contents of the generator over the operator or neighboring objects.
- the cap 0 provided with chamberB and downwardly-projecting. orifices t.
- the disk a made of iron and copper or equivalent metals,and coated so as to resist corrosive liquids and gases, as set forth.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Description
J. MATTHEWS.
Caps to Prevent the Bursting" of Carbonic Acid and other V-essels.
N0. 138,171. Patented April22,1873
U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JOHN MATTHEWS, OF NEW YORK, N.,Y.
IMPROVEMENT IN CAPS TO PREVENT THE BURSTING 0F CARBONlC-ACID AND OTHER VESSELS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent; No. 138 .171, dated April 22, 1873; application filed A rnus, 1873.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, JOHN ll/IATTHEWS, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Closing-Gaps for the Orifices of Vessels Containing Liquids under Pressure, the same being especially applicable to vessels in which carbonic acid is generated, and which may be applied to many other vessels containing liquids or gases, or liquids charged with gases,
in which both the temperature and the pressure vary. It maytherefore be applied to stills, steam generators, chemical apparatus, and such other like apparatus, when it is required to prevent the rupture of the vessel by undue pressure, by providing a weaker part, which will give Way at a nearly constant and uniform pressure under varying degrees of temperature. The invention. therefore, consists of a cap possessing the double function of closing the charging bung or orifice of carbonic-acid generators or other vessels containing compressed elastic fluids, 'and of a metallic disk so constructed as to rupture at a uniform pressure under varying degrees of temperature, and thereby to act as a safety-"alve in case of undue pressure. The invention also consists of a novel method of constructing the case in which the disk is secured; also, in a novel method of disch'arging the contents of such vessel when the disk is ruptured; also, of a novel method of constructing the disks to resist the corrosive action of the materials used in generating carbonic acid and other gases produced by the action of corrosive chemicals; and it further consists in an improved method of constructing the disks so as to insure the "the rupture at a uniform pressure at varying temperatures.
In generators for evolving carbonic acid the temperature of the apparatus is constantly raised by the union of theacid and carbonate of lime or other carbonates used to produce carbonic acid. It is therefore necessary to employ a pressure-disk so constructed as to compens-ate for the difl'erent temperatures of the apparatus, which varies in ordinary use from 50 to 200 of Fahrenheit. Copper, by an increase of temperature, is so much weakened that, in practice, disks made of it are not efficient, as they would rupture at high tempera turies at too low a pressure. Iron or steel, on the other hand, is so much strengthened by an increase of temperature above the ordinary atmospheric .range that disks made of that metal will not rupture or burst at a safe press ure when the temperature is raised. There are other metals which are well known to be affected in a similar manner by variations of temperature. I therefore construct my disks of two or more metals which compensate each other for this variability or inequality of strength at different temperatures. I have found that a disk composed of Siemens metal, or fine iron and copper, the relative thickness of which varies somewhat with the qualities of the metals used,'answers the purpose perfectly well. I have found that, with'the commercial metals of such quality as I have been able to obtain, the disks may be of near ly equal thickness, and that they will rupture or explode at nearly a constant pressure at the temperatures usually obtained in the ordinary case of carbonic-acid generators. I have succeeded very well in coating the iron. on both sides with a cyanite solution of copper, and then depositing a smooth deposit of copper on the same in an acid solution, and then passing the sheet through rollers to insure equality of surface; or sheet-iron may be first stamped of the right size, and afterward plated withcopper, testing the thickness of the disks by carefully weighing or gaging. After being coated with copper the disks may be annealed, which is found to improve them. I have also soldered the copper to the fine iron, and then rolled the sheets in the same manner as metals are frequently plated. The sheets may then be annealed. The disks are then cut out and carefully assorted by weighing or gaging, and tested and marked before being packed for use.
In generators used for chemical purposes, or for evolving acid gases or vapors, I have found that some coating was necessary to protect the disks against the corrosive action of the vapors. This may be secured by boiling them in paraffine, or by plating them with a metal not affected by the corrosive vapors, or by attaching to the disks a thin foil of a noncorrodiblc metal.
To insure uniformity of resistance in the disks, a number taken indiscriminately from alot are tested, up to the pressure at which they burst, in a suitable cap. The remainder are then tested up to within a small difference of the bursting pressure.
When thus tested the disks are somewhat concave on the side protected by foil or other coating. They are then wrapped in paper marked with the pressure which they can resist, with proper directions for use, and then placed in boxes in proper quantity for the market. The seats and vents between which the disks are to be placed are to be accurately grooved so as to fit the different disks so that each disk will fit exactly the seat for which it is intended.
1 The following description taken in connection with the accompanying sheet of drawing, which forms a part of this specification, will enable any one skilled in the art to make and use-this invention.
' Figure l is a vertical sectional elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan view.
The form shown is that adapted for closing the orifices of carbonic-acid generators, but may be varied to suit the various uses to which this invention is applicable.
The device is composed of a cap, 0, having a screw-thread, h, which fits the screw on the charging-bung. g g is an annular seat having grooves turnedin it, as shownin Fig. 1. aisthe safety-disk resting on the seat, and secured by the internal nut D D having grooves fitting into the grooves in the seat 9 g. F is a square opening serving the double purpose of insertin g the key or wrench to screw up the nut upon the disk, and also for the passage of the gases from the vessel in case the disk is ruptured. E is a washer, preferably of lead or lead alloy, which is soldered to the nut D by sweating. B is the explosion-chamber, which serves to secure the ruptured disk and to communicate with the passages 11 t, which are inclined downward and opening on the exterior of the cap.
The following is the mode of operation:
The disk a, as above described, made of such strength as to be ruptured by an approximately-known pressure somewhat less than the pressure the generator is capable of sustaining with safety, is inserted in the cap 0, resting on the seat 9 g. The nut D is then screwed down tightly upon the disk, as shown in the drawing. The cap is then screwed on the charging-bung of the generator, which fits the screw h, and tightens upon the packing E. As soon as the pressure in the generator, which also impinges upon the disk, exceeds the point of safety the disk is ruptured and the pressure is relieved by the escape into the explosionchamber, and passes out through the canals in a downward direction, thus avoiding the scattering of the contents of the generator over the operator or neighboring objects. Upon removing the cap and unscrewing the internal nut another prepared disk can be inserted and the cap is again ready for use.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-- 1. The improved device herein described, for preventing the bursting of carbonic-acid generators and other vessels, provided with a disk composed of "two or more metals so as to compensate for varying temperature, as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination of the cap 0, nut D, and packing E, substantially as described.
3. The cap 0 provided with chamberB and downwardly-projecting. orifices t.
4. The corrugated annular disk-seat formed of the hollow nut D and corrugated base 9, as described.
5. The combination of the cap 0, .disk a, nut D, and packing E, all so as to operate substantially as set forth.
6. Compound disk made by uniting copper and iron or other metals similarly effected by heat so as to secure a uniform strength under varying degrees of temperature.
7. The disk a, made of iron and copper or equivalent metals,and coated so as to resist corrosive liquids and gases, as set forth.
- JOHN MATTHEWS.
Witnesses:
' W. D. SLOAN,
WILLIAIVI T. GOLDEN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US138171A true US138171A (en) | 1873-04-22 |
Family
ID=2207585
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US138171D Expired - Lifetime US138171A (en) | Improvement in caps to prevent the bursting of carbonic-acid and other vessels |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US138171A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2453891A (en) * | 1945-01-08 | 1948-11-16 | Grant Oil Tool Company | Pressure release |
US2502193A (en) * | 1946-03-15 | 1950-03-28 | Cardox Corp | Safety release for blasting shells |
US2523068A (en) * | 1947-06-04 | 1950-09-19 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety head |
US2526794A (en) * | 1946-03-23 | 1950-10-24 | Du Pont | Safety device for pressure vessels |
US2553267A (en) * | 1946-10-09 | 1951-05-15 | Andrew R Nedoh | Shear diaphragm relief union |
US2582171A (en) * | 1945-12-29 | 1952-01-08 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety device |
US2953279A (en) * | 1954-09-10 | 1960-09-20 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety pressure relief device |
US2987218A (en) * | 1958-03-26 | 1961-06-06 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety pressure relief device |
DE2905838A1 (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1979-10-31 | Draft Systems | SAFETY VALVE FOR BEVERAGE DISPENSING SYSTEMS |
US4319894A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1982-03-16 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Process and process apparatus for separating gaseous phosphorus trichloride from a gas stream |
US4553559A (en) * | 1983-04-29 | 1985-11-19 | Bs&B Safety Systems, Inc. | Rupturable pressure relief assembly |
-
0
- US US138171D patent/US138171A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2453891A (en) * | 1945-01-08 | 1948-11-16 | Grant Oil Tool Company | Pressure release |
US2582171A (en) * | 1945-12-29 | 1952-01-08 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety device |
US2502193A (en) * | 1946-03-15 | 1950-03-28 | Cardox Corp | Safety release for blasting shells |
US2526794A (en) * | 1946-03-23 | 1950-10-24 | Du Pont | Safety device for pressure vessels |
US2553267A (en) * | 1946-10-09 | 1951-05-15 | Andrew R Nedoh | Shear diaphragm relief union |
US2523068A (en) * | 1947-06-04 | 1950-09-19 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety head |
US2953279A (en) * | 1954-09-10 | 1960-09-20 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety pressure relief device |
US2987218A (en) * | 1958-03-26 | 1961-06-06 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety pressure relief device |
DE2905838A1 (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1979-10-31 | Draft Systems | SAFETY VALVE FOR BEVERAGE DISPENSING SYSTEMS |
US4219040A (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1980-08-26 | Draft Systems, Inc. | Rupture disc safety valve |
US4319894A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1982-03-16 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Process and process apparatus for separating gaseous phosphorus trichloride from a gas stream |
US4553559A (en) * | 1983-04-29 | 1985-11-19 | Bs&B Safety Systems, Inc. | Rupturable pressure relief assembly |
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