US1380821A

US1380821A - Wall construction and brick therefor

Info

Publication number: US1380821A
Application number: US240673A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert F Martin
Original assignee: ROBERT F MARTIN CORP
Current assignee: ROBERT F MARTIN Corp
Priority date: 1918-06-18
Filing date: 1918-06-18
Publication date: 1921-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 1938-06-07

Description

R. F. IVIATITIN.

WALL CONSTRUCTION AND BRICK THEREFOIR.

APPLICATION HLED JUNE 18| 1918.

ATTORNEY it would form a carrier for moisture to the outer part of the wall, or a more serious objection would result from evaporation and condensation of moisture, and the communication of the condensed moisture to the mortar joints of the inner part of the wall.

The bricks are laid up with about one quarter to three quarters inch mortar joints, so that the longitudinal and transverse edges of the webs and ribs are separated an equal distance as at A. and l, thus allowing for free circulation of air throughout the wall. rl.`he transverse spaces B are staggered in relation to each other, while the longitudinal channels C and D, extend above and below the mortar joints, and are separated by the

opposed ribs

13 and 14. j

Any moisture accumulating in the channel C, and condensing upon the upper surfaces will be returned to the same channel, even though the wall be considerably inclined, as shown in Fig. 5, the drops falling from the outer surface of the flange 13, while the free circulation of air in the channelsv will cause the moisture to be quickly evaporated. Should the wall be longitudinally inclined (Fig. 1) the moisture will travel in a. stepped course along several bricks, gradually evaporating.-

The ribs or

flanges

13 and 14 form an effective barrier to thepenetration of moisture to the inner wall section, and provide a large surface for condensation of moisture in the channel C, so that even though the moisture be in a vaporousstate it will be prevented to a large extent from entering the channels D, and finally penetrating the inner wall setcion.

The corners betweenr the brick sections and the web 12, and between the web 12 and the

ribs

13 and 14, are preferably rounded as shown, although it will be understood that these corners may, if desired, be angular. This materially strengthens the connection between the web and the brick sections. and prevents warping of the brick during treatment of the same in the brick kilns. Also, a better' surface for the flow of moisture through the channels is provided.

lt will be noted that my invention comprises an improved non-porous brick for hollow wall construction, comprising a web, a hollow brick wall supporting section at each end of the web and arranged perpendicularly to the web, and having mortar receiving surfaces the full width of the sections. non-porous water repellent and water barring ribs extending from the web in opposite directions, and terminating within the confines of the space between the cornmon plane of the upper mortar receiving surfaces of the brick wall supporting sections and the common plane of the lower mortar receiving surfaces thereof, and terminating in non-mortar receiving surfaces,

the ends of said ribs being flush with the ends of the sections, and the thickness of the walls of the hollow sections, and web and ribs being substantially equal and within kiln treatment limits, and also the combination of a plurality of bricks to form an improved wall construction consisting of a double wall structure, comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of matched bricks, each brick comprising spaced hollow brick wall supporting sections forming the double wall, the upper and lower surfaces of the sections being relatively wide and constituting bearing surfaces adapted to re- Ceive mortar therebetween to the full width of the bearing surfaces to space and join the superimposed bricks, a longitudinal web eX- tending laterally between and connecting said hollow brick sections, longitudinal ribs extending from each side of said web intermediate the longitudinal edges thereof, at the top and at the bottom of the brick and terminating in the common planes of the mortar receiving surfaces, the facing edgesl of said ribs being non-mortar receiving and spaced from the ribs of adjacent bricks by a distance corresponding to the mortar on the bearing surfaces between said adjacent brick sections, the ends of the ribs being flush with the ends of the sections butbeing non-mortar receiving, to provide 4.intercommunication and circulation of air: throughout the space between abutting bricks and between the facing edges of said ribs, and obstructing the transverse conduction of moisture from one brick section to another, and the thickness of the walls of the hollow sections, web and ribs being substantially equal and within kiln treatment limits, and an additional improvement thereover in the cooperation of the hollow section circulation with the circulations above mentioned.

In firing brick in a kiln, the hollow bricks are stood on end so as to allow the heat to circulate, and keep the brick from crushing under its own weightvwvhile burning, and also, asit is impossible to provide circulation of heat from side to side, all brick kilns have an up and down draft circulation. The brick of the present invention is especially suited to this treatment, the ends of the hollowbrick wall supporting sections and the webs and ribs being flush so that as the webs and ribs are supported during firing, and as they are within kiln treatment limits, the same will not become warped or displaced.

As no twisting or warping results from the processes of manufacturing, the brick will be such that it will lay plumb and level in the wall. The mortar receiving surfaces are flat and are bedded in a flat mortar surface so that any pebbles therein will show and can be thrown out with the point of the trowelv nasoai l have illustrated and described a pre.

ferred and satisfactory embodiment of my invention, but it is obvious that changes may be made therein within the spirit and scope thereof, as defined in the appended claims.

l claim 1. A. double wall structure, comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of matched bricks, each brick comprising spaced hollow brick wall supporting sections forming the double wall, the upper and lower surfaces of the sections being relatively wide and constituting bearing surfaces adapted to receive mortar therebetween to the full width of the bearing surfaces to space andvjoin the superimposed bricks, a longitudinal web eX- tending laterallyT between and connecting said hollow brick sections, longitudinal ribs extending from each side of said web intermediate the longitudinal edges thereof, and terminating in the common planes of the mortar receiving surfaces at the top and at the bottom of the brick, the facing edges of saidA ribs being `non-mortar receiving and spaced from the ribs of adjacent bricks by a distance corresponding to the mortar on the bearing surfaces between said adjacent brick sections, the ends of the ribs being flush with the ends of the sections but being non-mortar receiving to provide intercommunication and circulation of air throughout the space between abutting bricks and between the facing edges of said ribs, and obstructing the transverse conduction of moisture from one brick section to another, and the thickness of the walls of the hollow sections, web and ribs being substantially equal and within kiln treatment limits.

2. A wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of matched bricks, each brick comprising spaced hollow brick wall supporting sections formingthe double wall, the upper and lower surfaces of said sections being relatively wide and constituting bearing surfaces adapted to receive nfortar thereon to the full width and length thereof, to space and join the superimposed bricks, the ends of said sections of longitudinally adjacent bricks adapted to be spaced, a longitudinal web extending laterally between and connecting said hollow brick sections, longitudinal ribs extending from each side of said web intermediate the longitudinal edges thereof, and terminating in the common planes of the mortar receiving surfaces of the top and bottom of the brick, the facing edges of said ribs being non-mortar receiving and spaced from the ribs of adjacent bricks by a distance corresponding to the mortar on the bearing surfaces between said adjacent brick sections, the ends of said ribs being flush with the ends of the sections but being non-mortar receiving to provide intercommunication and circulation of air throughout the space between abutting bricks and between the facing edges of said ribs and obstructing the transverse conduction of moisture from one brick section to another, the ends of said web and ribs of longitudinally adjacent bricks being non-mortar receiving and spaced from like members of abutting bricks to provide intercommunication and circulation of air throughout the space between the brick sections from end to end thereof and from side to side thereof, the hollow brick wall supporting sections cooperating to produce a circulation in coperation with the circulations aforesaid, and the thickness of the walls of the hollow sections, web and ribs being substantially equal and within kiln treatment limits.

3. A building block comprising two longitudinally extending hollow load bearing sections transversely spaced from each other for a distance not greater than the width of the individual sections, and non-load bearing means integrally connecting said hollow sections to each other and forming a plurality of longitudinally extending air passages in each side of the block, each passage being of a width appreciably less than the width of said hollow load-bearing sections.

il. A non-porous brick for hollow wall construction, comprising a web, a hollow brick wall supporting section at each end of the web and arranged perpendicularly to the web, and having mortar receiving surfaces the full width of the sections, nonporous water repellent and water barring ribs extending from the web in opposite directions, and terminating within the confines of the space between the common plane of the upper mortar receiving surfaces of the brick wall supporting sections and the common plane of the lower mortar receiving surfaces of the brick wall supporting sections, and terminating in non-mortar receiving surfaces, the ends of said ribs being flush with the ends of the sections but being 'non-mortar receiving, and the thickness of the walls of the hollow sections, web and ribs being substantially equal and within kiln treatment limits.

5. A wall structurev composed of blocks, each having two longitudinally extending hollow load-bearing sections transversely spaced from each other, and non-load bearing means integrally connecting said hollow sections to each other and forming a plurality vof longitudinally extending air passages in each side of the block in transverse communication with each other throughout the length of the block, and also in transverse communication with the opposed passages in the blocks of adjoiningcourses in the wall structure.

6. ln building construction, a wall structure composed of alternating courses of brick and binding material, each brick comprising transversely spaced load-bearing sections connected by a horizontal Web, the binding material being disposed between the opposed side and end surfaces of the load-bearing sections of the adjoining brick in the wall structure, and means on each side of said Web forming a plurality of parallel open channels between said'loadbearing sections, said web and channel forming means of adjacent brick in the same course being separated at their ends by an unobstructed space, and the channel forming means of vertically adjacent brick being in spaced alinement With each other, whereby said channels are in transverse communication with each other throughout the length of the individual brick and also With the channels of the horizontally and vertically adjoining bricks in the Wall structure.

ln testimony that l'clailn the foregoing 20 as my invention, l have signed my name.

ROBERT F. MARTIN.