US1378093A - Valve mechanism for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

H. J. CARMODY. VALVE MECHANISNI FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 29, |918.

Patented May 17, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET V H. J. CARVIODY1v VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION rxLEn1uNE29.191e.

25,373,093@ Patented May 17,1921- 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2\ /m/No/e. Hargyld f'armgdy Wm M,

Ano/mfr' l H. J.' CARMODY. VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED IuIIE 29. I9I8.

1,378,093. Y Patented May II@ Im..

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- M F l A t, /Qm

HRLD GARMODY, OF BRGOKLYN MANOR, NEW YORK, ASfSlffllUR` OF ONE-Hei? JOSEPH A. FAUROT, @F NEW YORK, N." Y.

VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSII ENGINES.

refranes.

Application filed June 29, .1.913. Serial No. 242,517.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HAROLD J'. CARMODY, a citizen of the United States, residing in Brooklyn Manor, in the county of Queens and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Valve Mechanisms for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full, clear,

and exact description.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to the Valvemechanism therefor' and the means for actuating the valve mechanism.

More particularly stated, I seek to increase the general efficiency of the engine by improving the lubrication and rendering certain parts more readily accessible, as well as Fig. 3 is a detail View, partly in section,

of a roller wheel which may, if desired, be substituted for the spur wheel shown in Fig. 2 as a part of the valve actuating mechanism. Fig. et is a side elevation of one of the two revoluble valve sleeves, and parts immediately associated therewith. 4

Fig. is a side elevation of the other of the two revol'uble valve sleeves, and parts accompanying the same'.

Fig. 6 is a detail of construction of the valve head.

yFig. 7 is a view of thespiral cam forniing a part of the valve actuating mechanism. Fig. 8 is a view, partly in perspective and partly in section, of the cylinder head and the valve mechanism associated therewith.

Fig. 9 is a perspective of the cylinders, which in this instante are cast en bloc,

Speccationef Letters latent.

Patented May im'. 192i.

F ig. 10 is a diagrammatic perspective of another form of construction, in which the rotary valve sleeves are located at the sides vof the cylinders.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary side elevation of the lubricating system of the engine.

Fig. 12 is a perspective detail of a valve carrier whichmayform a part 0f the casing. Fig. 13 is a. substantially cent-ral section through the revoluble valve sleeve shown in Figa 5.

f he particular mechanism here illustrated is a four cycle, four cylinder internal combustion engine, the cylinders being shown at 14:, 15,16, 17, and cast en bloc.

Working in these cylinders are pistons.

18, 1.9, 20, 21, which by means of connecting rods 22, 23, 24, 25, communicate rotary'motion 'to the crank shaft 26. The cylinders and the crank shaft are inclosed by a casing 27 in the usual or; any desired manner, .the casing being provided with passages 28a, and thus having water jackets about the cylinders for Cooling purposes. f p

An intake port 28 and an exhaust'nort 29 are provided for each cylinder. Thesefports communicate through-the valve mechanism with the intake manifold 30 and with the' exhaust manifold 31, respectively.

ln Fig. 1 of the drawings is shown a Valve casingmember 32, having generally a cylindrical i form, and extending longitudinally across the tops of the cylinders. This casing member is provided withv ports 33 and 34;, arranged in pairs asl shown, one pair for each cylinder, so that each port 33 is always in registry with a port 28, and each port 34 is always in registry with a port 29.

The valve casing 2'? is secured to the cylinder .head in any Jsuitable manner, as shown for instance in Fig. G, by bolts 35 extending through iianges 36 and 37, the Bange 36 being integral with the casing 27, and the flange 37 being integral with the casing member 32.

Mounted within the valve casing member 32 are two revoluble valve sleeves 33, 39, each having substantially the form of a cone `frustum with slight taper; The mean' diameterofthe sleeve 39 is alittle less than that' of the .sleeve 38, so that the si' eve '39 rea 'munication With each cylinder, and as be-' ts into' the sleeve 38. Thus the sleeves 38,

' 39 fit each other concentrically.

` cylinders.

I The'sleeve 38 is hollow, and is'provided with a number of ports 40, each being' essentially a slot.. The ports 30/are arranged in pairs, one pairfor each of the engine Each of these pairs is staggered 'y relatively to the other pairs, as maybe understood from Fig.- 4.

e The valve sleeve 38 fits so neatly into the valve casing member i2-as to make almost an oil-tightt even when 'the sleeve is turning. The vvalve sleeve 38 vcarries a number Otpacking rings 38a, each encircling it and being sunken slightly into its outer surface.

These packing rings 'areof spring steel, and

A are each provided With a pairfof holes 38".

These holes are always in registry with ports 38, with Which the valve sleeve 38 is provided. Each packing ring is anchored to v prevent it from being displaced relatively gul fthe to the valve sleeve 38, as kthe latter turns.

The valve sleeve 39 is somewhat longer than the valve sleeve 38, and the two sleeves are so proportioned that when iitted together and mounted in position as above described vthey may be rotated-in opposite The valve sleeve39 is provided with a number of ports 40, each extending diL ametrically through it and having a rectancross section. Each port 40a is staggere relatively to the others, as may be understood from Fig. 13.

The parts in each of the revoluble valve sleeve'38 and 39 are so positioned that at predeterminedlmoments of time a port of one valve sleeve Will register with a portin other, thus forming. Apassageways through the valve members for the passage of gases therethrough, and thus for the mof ment permit lthe ,gases lto flow into or out.

j of the cylinders, While at' othertimes these passages areclosed. Thus the intake manifold 30 and the exhaust'manifold 31 are each tween the severalcylinders this action takes yplace in a definite `order of succession.

.synchronized with' thel revolution. of the crank `lshaft and yvvith the positions of lthe pistons'in the cylinders of the engine... by

` means of a spiral wheel comprising a thread arried on a disk 43. This disk is mountje rigidlyupon the crank shaft 26, and is lrevoluble therewith. `The thread 42 en meshes'a spur gear 44,'Which `is rotated by the threadas the `,d crank shaft; If desired, a gear 44?, provided With rollen-teeth 44h, as shownin Fig. 3'n1ay be r substituted -or the spur ber32, above described, -is

iodically brought into momentary comisk 43 turns with the `so as te compensate for Eelow' the vertaal. .shaft 45 aanotheraerr .130

The rotation of the spur gear is compara-- tively4 Aslow as compared With that of the crank shaft, the spur gear making one complete revolution to four revolutions of the crank shaft, and is a so-called step-by-step movement.` This movement is rendered variable `by the form of the thread 43. That is, the thread is distorted from a normal spiral.

The spur gear 44 is mounted rigidlyl upon ashaft, which extends vertically as shown in Fig. Land carries upon its upper end a bevel gear 46. 'A

The valve sleeve 38 is provided with' a bevelgear 47, and the valve sleeve 39 is pr0- vided with a bevel gear 48. The bevel gears 47 and 48 engage opposite sides of the bevel gear 46, so that rotation of the gear 46' causes the gears 47 and 48 to rotate in op posite directions. e' 4 l The valve gearing is mounted in a casing- 49, with which the cylindrical casing memintegral. The valve casing 49 is secured to the cylinderl casing 27 by bolts 50, as indicated in Fig. l, and is so formed as to provide a .bearing for the shaft 45. The casing 49 is further provided with a removable casing head 51, normally held in position by bolts 52. By removing the casing head 51 the valve mechanism is rendered accessible for pur' poses of inspection, removal and replacement.

The casing head 51 carries a threadedl center bolt 53,- and mounted upon this bolt is a lock'nut 54 for locking it in position upon the casing head. The center bolt is pointed, and lits into a head 55 with which the sleeve 39 is provided, at the end thereof adjacentth-e` bevel gear.

The valve sleeve 39 is provided with a threaded portion 56, and adjustably fittedl upon thisthreaded portion is a collar 57.

y turning this collar relatively V*to the sleeve 39, it is adjusted. The collar 57 abuts against the adjacent face of the'bevel gear, so that cach of the abutting surfaces is a bearing surface for the other, and is also a limiting stop-therefor. Thus the bevel gears 47 and l48\can not approach eachl other beyond a limitvv determined by the po'- sition of the collar 57 upon thesleeve 39.`

Another center bolt vis shown atf58, and carries a lock nut 59, This bolt 58 is threaded, and extends through "a threaded passage in the adjacent end of the cylindrical fvalve casing member 32. This center bolt engages the end center of the sleeve 38, and serves bothl as a bearing and as an kadjustment for the valve sleeve. Y

By turning the. center bolts 53 and 58the v alve sleeves 38 and 39 are adjusted rela@y tively to 'each other and tothe' valve casingif Wear;4 f

ter bolt 60, which carries-a lock nut 6l and extends through a threaded hole in the casing 27. This center. bolt engages the lower end of the shaft 45 and serves as a bearing for this shaft. By turning the center bolt 60, the'shaft'45 and parts carried by it .are

' raised or lowered to a slight extent.

l/Vhile each center bolt 53, 58 and 60 1s adjustable independently of the others, any two of .these bolts, or all three of them, may

be adjusted interdependently. If in adjusting one of them theadjustment of another is disturbed,v it can be corrected by moving the other. j For instance, if the bolt 53 lbe 'turned so'as to move the gear 48 vto the right and the bolt 58 be so turned as to more the gear 47 to the left, according to F ig. l, this may cause the gears 48 and 47 to crowd the gear 46. This could be corrected by turning the bolt so as to lower the shaft 45,'and with it the gear 46. Again,

it might happen that, owing to excessive wear upon the teeth of the various .bevel gears, each bevel gear might be loose relatively to the others, yet the valve sleeves might need no adjustment. In such event the screw 60 should be turned `so as to lift the shaft 45 a slight distance. This would obliterate the looseness just mentioned, and would not disturb the valve sleeves.

The. ports -in the valve sleeves 38"and 39 v are aso distributed, and the valve'- members are together rotated at such variable speeds,

that "at predetermined moments each cylinder in succession will berst in communication with. the intake manifold and thenv with the exhaust manifold, and that at detii nite intervalseach cylinder will be cut off from all communication with either manifold, and .will so remain for a momentary but predetermined interval of time.

In the present embodiment Vthe rotation of the valve sleeves. for the purposes just stated is eifected,an d the rotation of thev 'shaping the spiral cam 42 accordingly, the

vparts may be so arranged that with the device in action the inlet ports are brought into and out of registry, and the exhaust ports brought into and out of registry, at sui-table time intervals for a four .cycle action. A

this arrangement of the valve sleeves a quick opening and closing of the ports'is obtained, and upon this account it is permissible Ito make all of the ports rather .large as compared with the' size ofthe cylinders. This insures the easy iiow of thegases into and out of the cylinders, and has lother advantages well-recognized in this art.

Fig, 8shows a form of my rotary valve mechanism built into and forming apart of a removable cylinder head,A the cylinder. block Vassociated with this cylinder head being shown in Fig. 8. This arrangement of the parts offers apractical and efficient means for modifying many multiple cylinf" der engines of standard construction so as to incorporate rotary valve mechanism therewith instead of valve mechanism using the ordinary poppet valves, the engines lthusmodiied acquiring all the advantages of an. engine fitted'with the rotary valve mechanism above described. j

In the form shown in "Figs.'k 8 and 9 the cylinder block appears at 63, and in this instance is waterfjacketed.. The inlet pipe for the water is shown at 64, and is used for connecting the water passages with the 'radiator in the usual or any desired manner.v Holes 66 in the cylinder block are provided for receiving bolts 67, .the latter being used to hold the .cylinder head in position upon the cylinderjblock.

The cylinder head, which is. of the multipletype, is shown at 68 and comprises the water jacket construction, having waterpassages 69 adapted to register with the water` passages 65 in the cylinder block.l .The multiple head is provided with bolt holes 70 for" receiving the bolts 67, .in order to enable the cylinder head to be secu-red in position.

The cylinder head is provided with a sub- I stantially cylindrical portion 71, whichfis formed into a watery jacket .and s( 'ves `as fa" casing .member for the revoluble valveV sleeves above described. A passage 72, hay?" ing la general cylindrical shape, communicates freely wltlr theiwater jacket infithe y cylinder head.y ithin the cylindrical "caspipe connection 7 6 is for'use in circulating 125 waterfthrough the water jacket oi? the cylinder head. 'j y The cylinder head and valve casing shown in Fig. 81nay, if desired, be cast in a single,` integral block, asi-shown.. These parts mayy be nCOfPOf-ted' iinth'fengine construction as originally built, or they may in many instances be substituted for removable heads ot other types.

Instead of` arranging the revoluble valvesleeves as above described, they may be supported in a tubular valve carrier 77 having' the form shown in Fig. 12. The valve carrier 77 is an elongated casingvmember, the inner surface of Which 'serves as a bearing surface for a revoluble valve sleeve 38d, of the proximate form ofthe revoluble valve sleeve 38, above described. Revolubly fitting into the valve sleeve 38a is another valve sleeve 78, having the onm shown more particularly inF ig. 13. This valve sleeve is holl low, and is provided with a closed end 79. Its opposite end-8() is provided with a port 8]., substantially coaxial with the sleeve, and

, holes 87, serving as oil vbetween the yshaft 91, as shown in ing portion 92 ofthe casing 49 used for introducing lubricating oilthereluto. T his port also serves to' accommodate the centering pin and thus acts as a bearlng.

The valve carrier 77 is provided with anumb'er ol inlet ports 82 and With a number of outletports 83, andthe valve sleeve 78 is also provided with portsSa and 85. These ports consist of diametrically disposed pipes 86, which seal the ports84. and 85 from communication with the interior of the tubular sleeve, as indicated in Fig. 13.

The valve sleeve 38d is 'provided With pinducts by aid whereof lubricating oil is distributed. The valve sleeve 78 is similarly provided With pinholes 88, which communicate with the interior of the sleeves, and are adapted to convey oil in valve sleeves, whence it finds vits Way through the oil ducts 87 and in between 4the revoluble sleeve 38n and the inner-surface of the valvev carrier 77.

As may be seenffrom Fig. 1 the revoluble valve sleeves are completely inclosed Within the casing, 'so that the gearing used to operate the valve members may be completely .In all forms of device the oil, after lubricating the revoluble valve sleeves, is collected and returned ,through a passage 27a, shown at the riglnt ci Fig. 1and preferably cast in the casing as a void..

The centrifugal pump 99forces the lubridating oil up through the passage 94 so as to ll the upper pdrtioxi of the casing 49 and thus Wholly or partially submerge the bevel gears. The oil ids its Way into the valve employ a centrifugal passage a pipe 9.5 leads to the ,fastenthe valve barrier 77 in sleeve 78, through the hole 8,1, thence passes radially outward through the pinholes, and Works in between the inner and outer valve sleeves, thence passes outwardly through the pinhole ducts of the outer valve sleeve, and at last works out into the passage 27a (see Fig. 1) and into the crank casing. Here it is againtaken up by the centrifugal pump.

Referring more particularly to F ig. 13 it will be noted that the`v port 81 is .so located that when the device isin action as shown in Fig. 11, 'a considerable volume of oil infree form is contained at all times Withiny .the valve sleeve 78. Such being the case, if tor any cause the supply of lubricating oil into the inner valve sleeve happens to be cut ott", the sleeve must still retain a considerable volume of free oil. rthis volume-of free oil is thus virtually'an auxiliary oill supply, in;

suring adequate lubrication even inthe event of accident to'the pump or parts immediately associated therewith. Y

Referring again to F ig. 18, it Will be noted that the valve sleeve 78 is provided with a number of Webs 95, preferably integral With it as shown. These Webs are each of sub-v stantially annular form, and they are spaced apart at intervals along the sleeve. .Each Web is adapted to serve as a dam or embankment forholding a body of lubricating oil in the event that the flow of oil into the sleeve is out off, as above described. More,

over each Web is so arranged as to retain a considerable portion of such bodygol oil even when the sleeve is inclined slightly in the direction of its length. By this arrange-l ment, evenif. the engine be tilted WithinV considerable llimits a number of separate volumes of oil `Will remain Within the sleeve and available as a reserve supply, .so that 4the/ 105 tilting of the engine'even for 'considerable periods of time cannot interfere with proper lubrication.

The Avalve carrier 77 -is provided with Y flanges 96, havingI bolt holesr 97 for convenience in fasteningthe carrier alongside theseveral engine cylinders in proper posi-r tion so that the inlet and exhaust ports shall I:

register with 'the similar ports in the several cylinders.. By this arrangement many forms of engine,.fhaving valveA operatingrnecha-j; nlsms of a Widely derentcharacter from'.v

that herein disclosed may be -supplied with..

therevoluble valve sleeves and valve operating mechanism. "In such instances all that 'is required is to. removethe usual valves and position alongf sidel'the cylinders, as above inlet manifold may bemounted yasshown at 98, andthe lexhaust manifold as at 99, in l described. The

.Although many advantages result. fromV the association of the revoluble valve ysleeves as above described with the :particular form of gearing herein. .disclosed for transmit` ting motion thereto from the crank shaft,

it will be understood that the invention is v not limited to the special type of `transmisvsion mechanism disclosed, but that other forms may be employed instead.

As many changes `could be madein the construction above described, and many dit ferent embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it should be understood that the 4foregoing description and the accompany-- ing drawings are merely illustrative and not as limiting the scope of the invention.

I claim 1. In an internalI combustion engine the combination of arevoluble valve sleeve, a

gear wheel mounted upon said valve sleeve for turning the same, a second valve sleeve tted into said first mentioned valve sleeve, a collar mounted .upon 'said 'second mentioned valve sleeve and adjustable relatively thereto, zsaid collar .being abutted by the Aend of said first mentioned valve sleeve, a4

gear wheel carried by said second mentioned val-ye sleeve, and means common to the gear wheels for turning'the samein opposite dii retions.

2.?In an internal combustion'engine thei ",einbination of a revoluble valve sleeve pro-- vided `vvith ports, a. second revoluble valve sleeve provided with ports adapted to be -brought intoand out of registrywith said normally abutted by first mentioned ports, a collar` carried -by saidA second mentioned valve sleeve and adjustable relatively thereto,.said collar bein the adjacent end o s'aicl first mentioned sleeve.`

3. In a yvalve mechanism for internal 'combustion engines the combination of a.

valve casing member having generally the .form of an elongated sleeve and provided .gated valvecasing member providedl with ports, apairvof valve sleeves located withsaid easing memberandv disposed concentrically` lne1within the other, each of saidvalve sleeves having ports for coacting with saidv first-mentioned ports,- the vinnermost of said. sleeves being provided with pin holes for'. distributing oil tothe outermostof said sleeves, and means for admitting oil into the innermost of said sleeves.

HAROLD CARMODY.

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