US1374484A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

J. P. BADENHAUSEN.

BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. Is, 1916.

1,874,484. Patented Apr. 12,1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. P. BADENHAUSEN.

BOILER.

APPLICATION man MAR. 18, 191s.

Patented Apr. 12, 1921,.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INI/emr Jzn P13062@ nzausen 2y f v JOHN I. BADENHAUSEN, OF'PHILADELPHIAL, PENNSYLVANIA.A

` BILER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented ADL 12, 192i.

Application filed March 18, 1916. 'Serial No. 85,124.

To all whom t may concer/n.:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. BADEN- HAUSEN, a citizen of the United States, re-

siding at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and usefullmpro-vements in Boilers, of which the following is a speciiication.

This invention relates to boilers and has for an object to provide a boiler with means for directing and regulating the flow action of the gases of combustion upon the water heating surfaces of said boiler.

Another object of the invention is to provide a boiler with baffle plates Lwhich are designed to direct the passage-of the gases of combustion in a manner to obtain the maximum heat values thereof upon the. water Aheating surfaces of the boiler. l

To this end, the invention comprises a .boiler having one or more transverse mud drums, water drums and steam-and-water drums which are connected bybanks of tubes, and a further object is'to provide a boiler of this class with' baffle plates so arranged and disposed as to break up the currents-'of the gases of combustion and bring the particles of this gas into more intimate contact with the boiler heating surfaces than has hitherto been obtainable, thereby increasing the `eiiiciency and capacity of the l boiler.

Other -objects of the invention will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereafter. t

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter more fully described, illustrated inthe accompanying drawings and ointed out in the claims hereunto appended In-the drawings,

vertical" longitudinal, sectional view through a boiler, showing the application of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a similar view. disclosing a slightly modified form of boiler,

Fig. 3 is a detail transverse sectional view,

on the linev 3-3 of Fig. 2, illustrafg-ingthev means for inserting or plates. l

Like characters of reference denote similar parts throughout all of the views Vof the drawings.

removing the baffle Referring more particularlyfto the draw; ings, the type ``of boilers shown consists, 1n

bothinstances of a plurality of transversely the manner indicated.

disposed drums connected by angularly eX- tending banks of tubes, the drums and tubes comprising the water circulating system of -the boiler. :The loweror muddrum 1, is

connected with a. superimposed water drum f 2 by means of an inclined bank of tubes 3,

the tubes having been designated per se by the letter a, and said bank of tubes 3 being hereinafter referred to as the irstibank of after as the third-bank of tubes. The lire 'box 9 contains the usual grates 10, the ire arch 11., (if one be necessary) andy a bridge Wall 12, but it is to 'be understood, however, that these parts may all be modified to suit the fuel to be burned, and that. any other form of grate or Stoker, oil or gasburne'r, sawdust or shaving feeder may also be used without, in any manner, affecting theoperation ofthe invention. v

The' other usual attachmentsto a boiler are provided, and consist of a housing or setting 13, having-a front wall 14, a rear wall 15 and a damper box 16 through which, the gases of combustion leavethe boilero'n Y the way to the, usual stack, -not shown.l

Suitable Openings. 17, 18, 19, 2 0, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, are formed in the housing onsetting 13, and are .so placedas to enable a person to enter the several spaces between the boiler tubebanks and the setting walls, andalsoto permit the insertion of a steam lance inv order to blow soot from the surfaces of the tubes. A blow off-7 pipe 26' terminates lin a blow off `valve 27, the latter being illustrated diagrammatically. The

usual water column and gage glass 27 is connected with the drum, as shown. 'In Fig." 1 the housing or setting is provided.

with a` top -28 of any suitable formation. The drum 4' is provided-with a standard'de sign of steam nozzle v29; a boiler feed pi e 30 alsoenters'the drum 4f in substantial y Itis to be observed that, as illustratedin Figs 1 and 2, the tube banks `3 and 5 are l.

oppositely inclined to the horizontal and form an acute angle which is superimposed' over a horizontal line through the vertex of said angle, but the invention applies with equal force to an arrangement in which there might be other than an acute angle and in which the tube bank 5 might be horizontally disposed.

w In accordance with modern scientific in- 10 vestigation, the efliciency and capacity of a boiler depend principally upon the speed of travel of the hot gases over the outside of the heating surface, and the speed with which the boiler water travels along the inside of the heating surface. (See Bulletin No. 18, Bureau of Mines, The Transmission of Heat into Steam Boilers, pages 24, 79, 118 to 122, and 155 to 161. Also see Bulletin No. 325, U. S. Geological Survey, A Study of 400 Steaming Tests pages 109,

110, 113 to 118, 129 to By my invention I obtain the desired speed of gas travel aswell as the length of the gas courses, by use of the baille arrangement herein disclosed.

'It is also well known to those skilled in the art that when a boiler is fired with'coal or other fuel containing a high content of volatile matter and a low content of fixed carbon, the most eficient results are obtained by so arranging the passage of the gases of combustion that they will flow along practi- Gally parallel to the boiler. tube surface, particularly over the fire, whereas, when the coal' or fuel contains a high content of fixed carbon and a low content of volatile matter the best results are obtainable when the gases circulate across the heating surfaces of the boiler. at approximately right angles to the 40 axis of a tube, hence toproduce a boiler of the highest general efciency, means must be provided to compel the gases, during ltheir course from the furnace to the breech- 'ing, to travel lirst in one of these ways, then 46 the other, and these methods will be herein.

after referred to as parallel L llow and cross flow of the gases.

In` my invention I obtain these desired' results, that is, a combined parallel ilow and 50 cross flow of the gases along the heating surfaces of the boiler, as will be 'presently shown. 0n top of the lower part of the first tube bank 3, there is provided a baffle A, the length of which depends upon the fuel and draft conditions; above the baille A therel'is provided an approximately vertical baille which may or' may not, as conditions require, have an offset C, and thlsballle at its lower part is supported byone `dii-fino're channel 30' irons or. the equivalent, as has lbeen indicated by the numerals 31 and 32, and the upper portion B of the baille B, is supported )n part lofthe tubes5 of the .second bank.-

At the top ef the baille B there is provided? l lnother baille D, which isyhorizontallyrdis- 'a cross-flow,

.shown by the arrows l.

posed upon the bank of tubes 5 and extends forwardly from the baille B to the forward wall of the housing. Located rearwardly of the baille B, there is provided another baille E, supported by angle irons or the like 33. In the third bank of tubes G there is formed a batlle F, which extends parallel4 to the tubes 6 and is centrally located in the latter. Angle irons 34 secured to the housing of the boiler retain the baille F in its fixed position. Due tothe ballles thus arranged, the gases of combustion arising from the fire box 9 are caused to. travel as :shown by theflrrows e fa gv ha a .77 ha Z7 ma n 20a Q1 and 7", 1n wh1ch the parallel and cross flows, 8o and the frequent change from one to the other, are made evident. .A baille G may be inserted in the forward end of the second bank 5, whenever an occasion demands such construction, or if the size of the boiler warrants such an addition, the operation and` action of the baille G will .be .obvious It will be observed that the gas passages or ports between the baille G and the baffles A, C and D are smaller in area than the gas 9o passages or ports provided between the arch 11 and the drum and ballles 1 and A, -and also that the gas passages or ports prov1ded between the baille F and the baffle, drum and wall E, 1 and 15 respectively are smaller in 95 area than the gas passages or ports provided between the drum 4 and the ballles B and B. In Fig. 2, w`hich`representsr one ofthe preferred forms of my boiler, the construct1on shown is identical to that illustrated in Fig. 1, with the exception of adding a receiving drum or receptacle 35, connected by tubes `36 tothe drum 4. The top or covering 37 extendsparallel to the tubes 36 and access doors 38 and 39 are formed adjacent said 105 tubes 36 for the same purpose previously mentioned in connection with the door 17 to 25 inclusive. A steam outlet 40 is connected with the drum 35, as is a water column and gage glass 41, the latter also having connection with the water drum 2. The operation and construction of the steam receivmg drum 35 and its coperating .tubes 86 has been fully set forth in my co. ending patent a plication bearing -Serial o. 81977, filed arch 3rd, '1916.

The only way in which the gases of combustion travel in Fig. 2 differently from that mentioned in Fig. l, is that when the gases emerge from the top of the bank 5, as .shown by the arrow y', part of said gases tra-vel as y A.shown .by the arrow lo while another part continues up to the vtubes 36, first cross flowing in among these tubes, then parallel j 4flowing along them, as shown by theI ar ,125

rows s. The gases leave the pipes 36 with as indicated by the' arrows t, and the two streams off-gas unite yand flow as.;

Y Since, in theI design of most water tube 4boilers it is neces'- reached throu h the doors 17 and 18; baffle E can be reac ed through the doors 17 and 19 and the part of the baffle B between the banks 3 and 5 can be reached through vthe doors 1,8, 17 and 19. The upper part of the baille B or the bae B is built after the tubesr are in place, and consists of lire brick and high temperature cement, so that by passing through the door 38 or 39 a workman can remove or repair this part of the baiiie. To enable the baffles C to be removed or repaired, there isprovided in the side wall of the housing, openings N and M, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and' detailed in Fig. 3, said openings'being closed by the removable caps 37. Similar o enings are provided at 38 and 39 in the ousing for handling the bafie F. Also,baffle offset in the baiie B (if used) can be handled through the opening As the bales A,D, F, and G aremade or formed of tile blocks, all that is necessary for removing these blocks is to slideA them one by one lalong the tubes to their respective openings, and then withdrawA them from the housing, which may be easily accomplished-by an operator working from the spaces within the setting between the tube banks, reached by the doors 17, 18 and 19.

It is now known that to obtain the best operating results it is necessary to adjust the baille opening 'in water tube boilers tomeet .the requirementsof the particular kind of fuel being used, the boiler rating desired and the draft conditions existing.z Previous designs of baffles have not permitted of such an adjustment except at great expense and delay, but in this invention I contemplate making such necessary adjustments easily and quickly and'at practically no expense.

tev

Accordingly the lengthening or shortening of the baffles A, F, D, and G; by removing or adding oneor more rows of tiles in the manner above described, will result inthe gas openings, being widened or narrowed to suit any of the conditions confronted'. j

From the foregoing description, it will be evident that the following functions are accomplished. Firstly, so lengthening the' path of gas travel as to produce the highest eiiiciency in the boiler construction. Secondly, by repeatedly alternating the gas Vtravel from parallel-flow to .cross iow and vice-versa, thus lconstantly breaking'up the single angularly disposed section.

gas currents so as to bring each particle lof, gas into intimate contact with the boiler tube surface as is necessary in order toy extract the maximum quantity of heat from the gas. Thirdly, by contracting the area of the gas passages to the degree necessary togive the greatest practicable operating.

efficiency and fourthly, by providing simple and eflicient means of adjusting the area of the gas passages to give the best results for any given set of conditions.

In vthe foregoing description trated and explained the baille location as cases, however. it should be understood that -I do not limitl myself to the exact position.

Thus bale F is shown in the center of the tube bank 6, but the latter may be moved baille C resting on the ottom tube of the bank 5, and the baiiie D resting on the third tube from the top of the bank 5, may be changed in position according to the size o f the boiler and number of tubes in a bank,`

by placing the bafles C and D'on any other desired row of tubes from that shown. The baille E has been shownand vdescribed as consisting of one horizontal section and an inclined section, but this balile may be formed of a single horizontal section or a disclosure are shown drums connected by curved tubes, but the particular form of construction is not vessential and the invention is intendedto apply to any equivalent structure, such as for example wherein a header or water-leg may be used in lieu of drums and Straight. tubes utilizedin lieu of curved tubes, aswell as comprehending all such possible changes of baffle location or material, or shape of drums or water and steam receptacles or tubes,'as Il may elect within the scope of the claims hereunto appended.

Having described the present' invention, what is claimed as new and patentable is 1. A water tube boiler having a transverse mud drum, a transversev water drum, a

transverse steam-and-water drum, a steam receiving drum, tubes connecting said mud drum with the water drum, tubes connecting said water drum with the steam-and-water drum, tubes connecting the steam-and-water drum with said mud drum', a plurality of steam conveying and superheating tubes I have illus! -found by practice to suit the majority of inthe 'Y' connecting said steam-and-water drum with l v the receiving drum, and baffle means including a baffle extending forwardly over the top tubes of' said first/inentioned tubes, a baffle extending upwardly `and forwardly therefrom into said second mentioned tubes,

said last mentioned baiiie provided with a rearwardly extending baflie, and a baille in said third mentioned tubes extending from said. steam-'and-water drum downwardly toward said mud drum, whereby the'gases of combustion pass downwardly along the forward part of said third mentioned tubes,

4transversely of the latter at the lower end thereof, upwardly along the rear part of said tubes and with a cross flow transversely of the upper part of the rear tubes thereof, said bailles arranged to provide therebetween baille extending from adpoint adjacent to the Y water drum rearwar contracted gas passages for effecting yincreased efficiency of operation and to change the course of the flowl of the hot gasesfor the intimate contact of said hot gases with the tubes of said boiler.

2. A. boiler comprising a mud drum, a water drum and a steam-and-water drum,

tubes connecting said mud drum with the water drum, tubes connecting said water drum with the steam-and-water drum, tubes connecting the latter drum with said mud drum, and baille means including'a baille extending forwardly over the top tubes of said first mentioned tubes, a baille Lextending upwardly and forwardly therefrom into said 'second' mentidned tubes substantially at therebetween contracted gas passages for eil'ecting y increased efliciency of Voperation and to change the course of the flow of the hot gases for the intimate contact of said hot gases with the tubes of said boiler.

3 A boiler comprising, in combination,

4transverse mud, water, and steam-and-water drums, a transverse steam recelvmg dru1n,

a bank off tubes connectmg the mud drum with the water drum, a second bank of tubes connecting the water drum with the steamand-water drum, a third bank of tubes connecting the latter drum with said mudV drum, ,a plurality of steam conveying and superheating tubes .connected with said steamand-water drum and with the receiving drum and baille means including a baille extending forwardly over the top tubes of said first mentioned tubes, a baille extending upwardly and forwardly therefrom into said. second mentioned tubes substantially at right angles tothe axis o f said tubes, a

branch baille extending.A forwardly from the top of the upwardly extending baille and a y along` the .lower` tubes of the second bank substantially parallel to and at a-"lower level .than said branch baille, a baille in said third mentioned tubes extending. froml said steam-and-water drum downwardly toward said mud drum, said baffles arranged to provide therebetween contracted gas passages for effecting in- 'ing from said steam-and-water drum downwardly toward said mud drum, a forwardly extending gas directing `baille disposed over the top tubes of the first mentioned bank of tubes, a substantially vertical baille extending upwardly from the said second mentioned baille into the secondbank of tubes, a branch baffle extending forwardly from the upper part of the third mentioned baille and extending over the lower tubes of the second mentioned bank of tubes, an upwardly and forwardly extending baille leading 'from said fourth ment1oned\ baille through said second mentioned bank of tubes and a baille extending rearwardly from said water drufn over the lower tubes of said second mentioned bankof tubes ,providing ports of different sizes between said lastmentioned baille and said second, fourth and fifth mentioned baffles to effect increased efficiency of operation and -to change .the course; of the flow of the hot gases for the intimate contact of said hot gases with the tubes of said boiler.

5. A water tube boiler, comprising in combination, a mud drum, a water drum, a steam-and-water drum, a bank of tubes connecting the mud drum with the water drum, a second bank of tubes connecting saidl water drum with said steam-and-water drum, a third bank of tubes connectingthe latter with said mud-drum, a baille in said third mentioned tubes extending from said steam-and-water drum downwardly toward said mud drum, a baille extending from said mud drum overl the top tubes'of thefirst mentioned bank of tubes, a substantially vertical baille extending upwardly from said second mentioned ba e'i'ntogsaid secondV mentioned bank of tubes, a'- branch extendingl` rearwardly from said third mentioned baille between the first andsecond mentioned, tube .banks and .with the -end thereof adjacent thethird mentioned bank mentioned 'bank of tubes, a baille extending 'of tubes,l another' branch baille extending i rearwardly from the water drum along the change the course of the How of the hot gases lower tubes of the second mentioned bank of for the intimate Contact of said hot gases tubes and providing ports of dierent sizes with the tubes of said boiler.

between said last mentioned bafiie and said In testimony whereof I aiX my signature. 10 5 second, third and fifth mentioned baffles to j v effect increased efficiency of operation and to J OHN P. BADENHAUSEN.

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