US1373704A - Method of producing gas - Google Patents

Description

L. W. BATES;

METHOD OF PRODUCING GAS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 19. 1920.

1 73,704, Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Invenfor:

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L. W. BATES.

METHOD OF PRODUCING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 19, 1920.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

SHEET 2.

2 SHEETS Toallwhomitmay concern:

. UNITED STA,

LIN DON WALLACE BATES, OF MOUNT LEBA NON, NEw YORK.

Be it known that I, LINDON W. BAT S. a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Mount Lebanon, in the county of Columbia and State of New York, have in' vented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Producing; Gas; of-

which tge following is a specification.

This invention relates to a process for making gas for heating, illuminating and other purposes. More specifically'it refers to 'the method of employing liquid hydrocarbon and solid carbonaceous substance in such a fashion as to produce simultaneously and initially a combinedcoal 'and oil or coal, oil-and water gas, called-Amalg'as.

'Heretofore coal and oil have been used j separately toform gas. I Oil gas has been used in a carbureter as a later'enrichment of the coal or'water gas. Theway has, however, recently been found whereby coal and oil, or like li ui d hydrocarbon and solid carbonace'oussu stances, may be combined into a stable liquid or mobile fuel and simulta neously: burned. The mannerof so doing is described-in ing a plicatio'n Serial toward. a Fuel and method of, producing same. use of'stabiliz ing agents in small amounts, such as lime-rosin grease or "equivalent substances, or'the use of somewhat larger amounts of peptoniz'ing agents having stabiliging qualities such'as coal distillat'es or like liquid derivatives'of carbo- "naceous. or equivalent substances, will produce adequate fuel stability and suspend'in Specification of Letters Patent.

TES- PATENT oFFmE.

' carbon and solid carbonaceous substance combined in advance to form simultaneously the gas product; 2nd, the omission of the separate step of oil gas enrichment of coal or water gas; 3rd, the disposition of the ash released by the combustion of the particles of solid. in the composite fuel; 4th, the use of liquid hydrocarbon'instead of water in the washbox to collect tar and lampblack and make further fuel. 'The advantages of employing such composite fuel in gas-making are manifest. The

duration of thevprocess may be reduced as p the enrichment step'may be eliminated. The

combustion of the coal is more complete as the particles are smallin the fuel. Lampblack and other carbonaceous solids, including those too fine in mesh to be used as gfuel ;on grates or in a generator, may nowlibe usefully employed to make gas. The type and grade of gas may be regulated .in ad- Vance by selecting a composite fuel which will produce the desired gas. At present, the quality of gas depends in part upon, reg; ulation of the flow of oilgas into the poorer 7 coal or water gas during the process, 1 ugust 5t ,1919, directed "than it might be. --The passage of the gas liquidfuel up to about 40% by weight of pulverized coal in oil alone or with some tar. All suitable combustible liquids and carbonaceous solids may be'used. The manner of'combining' the components is stated I fully in the' said a plication, and. consists in ;-a mechanical b ending or pulverizing treatmenuflor a heattreatment in a, combined treatment.

v The trcatmentIand stabilizing substances produce anequilibrium in the. mixture so that the'particlesof solid Y subs-3811109 o not precipitate out for a 'giyen desired length of time. The present probe-SS.

take'ssuch fuel and uses it to make a suprior or cheaper gas according to .a simplified gas maklng process, having an optional closed circuit fuel production feature as well.

a .The points of the new process are these: 1 st;the employmentof liquid hydro;

;through the wash box, tar extractor,. condenser and pipes cleans the gas itself rather thoroughly. Fortunately there are a num-. ber of'wa s of -meeting the'ash disposal problem. The simplest way is to use cokes or coals low in ash, -orto remove the ash before the 'coal 'is colloidalize'd with the liquid to form the stable mobile .fuel. The flotation or other water washing method of the heati-"Electrical precipitators may also be employed. A water bath is a further alternative- There are man ways of re-. moving ash, andthe "baflie selected herein simply as typical to represent the ash removal step of the process.

. n e ch m wl c e ce now knows the Patented Apr. 5,1921. Application filed February 19, 1920. Serial 1Tb. 859,810. I

ash removal maybe used for. this purpose.

ate .method is .i' way of stabilizing solid particles and tar droplets in oil," the wash box need no longerthese {particles contain water ,to collect these gas. impurl ties, but may contain oil-or other such liquid treated or adapted to form therein and with i and droplet, a fuel or to form-aximixture which maybe later colloi- -.dalized by subject ng it to the requisite treatment with or wlthout the addition of .further components.

The, wash box may be .filled' with ordinary oil or with fixated oil. In the first case it will be usually necessary to. add the stabilizingsubstances or fixateurs before employing the fuel. If the oil is or fcontains, coal distillate, having peptonizing qualities, it is already adapted to stabilize I a the gas and adequate homogeneityorasecondary water-containing wash box 5 trap may be interposed before the Wash box.

.bestatio'nary or for it to be gradually flowing in and out.

droplets, and in some cases its .heat alone may give the l to produce a stable fuel. It maybe necessary to water jacket the wash box containingliquid hydrocarbonor to otherwise cool it, since the temperature of the gas when it enters is very high,

particles and may be used for cooling purposes. A steam The oil or other liquid in the wash box may in circulation. It isv better The fuel produced in the wash box'or the subsequently treated wash box mixture may be usedagain for gas making or may .be

' dedicated to other fuel purposes. On passfeature of the process or mixture, since wash boxes have not heretofore been placed i to such use.

The process herein described may be illustrated diagrammatically. The accompanying Figure 1 shows a vertical cross-section of a gas. producing plant, using'the method herein proposed. Fig. 2 shows how the plant maybe combined with a colloidalizing plant j similar to that described in my copen-ding application, Serial No.- 344,753 filed December 10th, 1919 directed toward Apparatus for the production of mobile fuels.

The generator and superheater, filled with checker-board brickwork, are heatedprevious to the beginning-of the gas-making operation in the usual "fashion of. the up run of the oil gas process or otherwise. In usual practicethe temperature-will not materially differ from that used'in oil gas making, namely a maximum of about l4 Q- F. ."lBllt if high percentages of solids are used in the fuel the temperature may have to be adjusted thereto and the duration of have to be modified. No

the steps mayv be given as this will vary fixed rule can according to the. fuel, as it does indeed. in

the ordinary oil, coal and water gas processes. The duration of the steps and their sequence are hereafter given for use with a typical composite fuel carrying up to about 30% by. weight ofcoal, particles pulverized sothat about 85% will pass a 200 mesh screen and stabilized in oil with-about 1% of lime-rosin grease or with about 10% coal distillate such as water gas tar or with lesser percentages of both.

, Colloidal fuel is suitably admitted to the generatorl through a valve 4'and is atomized and ignited so as to heat and gas in the generator and superheater. The fuel should bepreheated to 130 F. to 180 For over to flow and atomize readily and facilitate the gas-making operation. It is atomized through a 'fice under pressure, as ls'usual 1n o1l gas through valves 5 and 10 andsteam through 4. At the close of this initial step, colloidal fuel is introduced through valve 4. The gas and vapors passto the superheater 9 through pipe 8 and pass thence into the air through pipe 11, cover 12 and funnel 13.

The fuel is heated in the generator and superheater for some nine minutes. Then the air is turned off at valves 5 and 10, and valve 14 is opened, and valve 12 is closed. Thereupon colloidal fuel and steam alone pass into the generator and superheater for about nine minutes. At' step the fuel. is out off and steam alone is introduced through to drive the gases through the generator and sup'erheater into the wash box 15. This may be surrounded by a water iacket 17, into The gas, while passingthrough the wash make the close of this valve 4 for two, minutes r15 brickwork is suitablyhot, valve box, filled with liquid hydrocarbon which enters through pipe 1 8 and leaves through 19, is cleansed of somev or all of the lamp- 1 black, tar, t oluol,'ammonia liquor and other impurities. It is also cooled down to about to a tar separator of any known type. I In Fig. 1 a Smith tar extractor 22 is shown.

The separator still further removes the tar,

Through pipe 16 the gas passesmaining by-products. From the condenser to remove the" sulfur compounds. The gas.

the gas passes through pipe 27 into a purifier, such as a purifier filled with ferric oxid so produced may be stored or directly used. The collection box '26 of the condenser connects also with pipe 19 through pipe 30. Under favorable circumstances the tar ex tractor and condenser may be omitted,-;de-

pending upon the completeness of theitar and article extraction in the wash box.

It as been remarked that the colloidalizing process may be combined with the gas making and particles from the wash box,-if suitably homogenized; may be directly used as fuel. lf however, the commingling is not sufiicient or if the oil will carry further particles or tar and it is desired to soload it'then the 3 liquidmay be colloidalized with'more'carbonac'eous; particles, tar 'or oil as described.

in my said cope'nding applications. To d so the oil in tank 48 enters the-wash box through pipe 18.

tial load then passes throughtthe washbox and through pipe 19 and the four-way valve The liquid with its parinto pipe 32. From premixer 36. I

The oil tank 48,-.may be fixated by'stabilizing substance from tank 56, which flows or is pumped therein by pump '57 through there ,it goes 'into the pipe 55. Crushed carbonaceous substance enters thefpremixerf36. from hopper 33 through a conveyer 34.- Stabilizingv substanceimay conveyed directly to the premixer through 'pipe35; The components,

with-further oil added from 48 if desi1fed,'

are premixed by agitator 37 driven from 38 and then" pass through a control, valve 39 and'pipe 40 to a pulverizing mill 41. In

\Fig. 2 this isofthe Hal-dings type, but any suitable coal pulverizing mill may be used. If already. pulverized coal is used andplaced in hopper33 then the mill maybe simply a blending or paint mill.

' baflle plates 43 in a tank 42 to deposit the larger particles. Instead ofsuch plates a sliiner or small tube-like ball mill to further reduce the particles may be employed."

The stable fuel is then pumped through pipe 44 by pump 45 actuated by motor 47 or. caused to flow from the mill or small tank 42 through the pipe 46 into the tank 52 where it is stored for use. Heat may be applied t the fuel in the mill or in tank 52. The tanks 48 and 52 may contain agitators orcoilsto process. Thus the mixed oil, tar

' ca'sion.

From the mill the fuel may pass under and over a'series'of m I ,Verition what I claim I j method of making gas which i advance pept onization, blending of liquids or to congeal the fuel in storage. Coils are diagrammatically indicated by 51 and 53.

' The agitator '49 in tank 48 is driven from 50.

The, outlet 54 of tank '52 is shown also. The combinationin some such fashion in a closed circuit of gas and 'fuel maln'ng is most im-' portant. Y

It is obvious that the details of the present. process of gas making and the pos'sible accompanying fuel manufacture m'aybe varied within broad limits without departing from the scope of this invention. Thusthe duration of the steps, degree of heat, lseair used, dimensions of apparatus and character of the 'fuelmay be changed to quence of operations, pipe connections, use of special parts, amounts of fuel, steam and suit particular needs. For example, thefs u perheater may be omitted in certain exceptional cases or may be divided into two heating sections as in the oil gas procem. The-term generator taken broadly, -in-' cludes the gas making chambers. So also there is the recognized possibility of adding other steps to the gas making process. For instance, the present process may be combined with the coal, oilor'water gas proc '7 -ess.. Carbureting or enrichin Amalgas with oil gas is. not excluded may be added to the Amalg'as. in the gener ator or superheater or may bemixed with her gases the air and steam .in the generator before" 'the liquid fuel. is introduced, or may be united with Amalga s afterward.

further gas ina-y be introduced into the generator throughvalve 3. The details of ap- Such paratus parts and of certain special steps are reserved for presentation'on another 0c;-

Each. of the innovations herein described represents a material advance in the maldng art The utilizationffor fuel of the lainpblack and tarwhile making is of especial consequence. So also the ability to predetermine in advance the gas character,

by using fuel of given composition instead of waiting untilthe operationz-has begun to regulate the -flow of oil to tli i's' end, enables wide variationsto be-ma de; the of; I gas produced to. meet special requirements of illuminating or heating Having thus stated power.

isz. I h consists in the atomization into anddgmtion of'stable mobile fuel comprising liquid hydrocarbon and pulverized solid carbons} ceous substance in a mixture of air and steam-in afigianerator heated to a tempera-- ture" sufieient to transformthe particles of hydrocarbon into s, the removal of ash the nature of my insolid carbonaceous substance and the liquid so doing the gas through a wash box containing liquid hydrocarbon to remove tar and lampblack therefrom.

2; That method ofmaking gas and while atom zation 1I1t0 and'ignition of stable mobile fuel and pulverized solid carbonaceous substance in a mixture of air and steam in a generator heated to a temperature suflicient to transform the particles of solid carbonaceous substance and the liquid hydrocarbon into gas, the removal of ash'from the gas, and the subsequent passage of the gas through a therefrom. i

3. That method of making gas which consists in heating a generator to a temper- 'ature suflicient to transform oil and particles of solid carbonaceous substances into gas, then introducingair and steam into the then introducing and igniting generator, therein stable mobile fuel comprising liquid hydrocarbon and pulverized-solid carbonaceous of fuel, then introduclng steam 'into the substances, then terminating the' flow generator whichdrives the gas through a Wash box containing liquid hydrocarbon.

4. That method of making gas which consists in heating. a generator to a temper: ature suflicient to transformpil and particles of-solid carbonaceous substance into gas atomizing therein and ign ting stable y mobile fuel comprising such ingredients,

then introducing air and steam into the generator, then atomizing and lgniting furgas through awash making a combination including 1 oil; tar and lampblack, which consists in the' comprising liquid hydrocarbon wash box containing liquid hydrocarbon to remove tar and lampblack ther stable mobile fuel therein, rthen' terminating the flow of fuel, then introducing hydrocarbon.

5.Those steps in the method of making:

gas which consist in the atomization into and igniting of stable mobile fuel comprising liquid hydrocarbon and pulverized solid carbonaceous substance in a mixture of air and steam in a generator heated to aftem pe'rature sufiicient to transform the particles ofsolid carbonaceous substance andwthe liquid hydrocarbon, into gas, and the removal of ash from the gas.

6., That step-in the meth of predetermined character which consists in the atomization into and ignition of stadof making gas 7 ble mobile fuel comprising-liquid hydro-' carbon and pulverized solid carbonaceous substance in a mixture of air and steam in a generator heated to av temperature sufficient'to'transfor'm the particles of solid carbonaceous substance and the liquid hydrocarbon into gas.

7 That step 1n the method of producing gas which consists in combining air, steam, gas an atomized and ignited stable mobile fuel comprising pulverized carbonaceous substance and liquid hydrocarbon in a generator heated" to a temperature suflicient to transform the particles. of carbonaceous substance and-the liquids into gas. I

Signed at New York city in the county of New 17th day of February, A. D. 1920.

' LrNnoN WALLACE BATES.-

York and State of New York this

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