US1371616A - Process for the production of cyanamids - Google Patents
Process for the production of cyanamids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1371616A US1371616A US258658A US25865818A US1371616A US 1371616 A US1371616 A US 1371616A US 258658 A US258658 A US 258658A US 25865818 A US25865818 A US 25865818A US 1371616 A US1371616 A US 1371616A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- carbid
- boxes
- eccentrics
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000017930 EDNRB Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150001833 EDNRB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- STRTXDFFNXSZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;cyanamide Chemical compound [Ca+2].NC#N STRTXDFFNXSZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/002—Synthesis of metal cyanides or metal cyanamides from elementary nitrogen and carbides
Definitions
- SHEETS-SHEE1 2 UNITED STATES LOUIS EUGENE FRIDERIGH, on Mars, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR T PATENT OFFICE.
- This invention relates to the formation of cyanamid from calcium carbid and nitrogen; and its object, briefly stated, is the provision of an improved process which may be carried out more rapidly and with' larger resultant yields than is possible with the processes heretofore in use.
- powdered carbid is deposited in boxes which are introduced successively into, and are, advanced automatically throu h, a suitable tunnel furnace, during whic time they are heated and subjected to the action of the nitrogen, the arran ement beingsuch that the reaction, whic is exothermic, is completed by the time the boxes reach the discharge end of the furnace.
- the boxes utilized are comparatively large and shallow, and the carbid is loosely deposited therein in thin layers, in order to expose to the heat as largeas possible a surface in proportion to the volume treated.
- the carbid is quickly'raised to the reaction temperature; but before such temperature is reached, the nitrogen, which is caused to flow through the furnace in a direction opposite to that traveled by the carbid boxes, has obtained free access to the carbid, the originally pulverulent mass sintering into a compact mass or body durin the reaction.
- the cyanamid is cooled as qulckly as possible after its formation; but this rapid cooling, however, is of less importance than the rapid heating, for the reason that,
- igures 1, 1 and 1 constitute a longitudi nal vertical section of the furnace
- Figs. 2 and 3 are'transverse vertical sections on lines22 and 3-3, of Figs. 1 and 1*, respectively.
- the tunnel furnace thereinrepresented ing and movin carbid, and the removal 0 is constructed with a floor which comprises two fixed sections or parts 1, 1, spaced apart from each other to receive between them a central, longitudinal beam .2 covered with refractory material.
- This beam 2 is adapted to beraised and lowered by means of pairs of eccentrics 4 through the intermediary of transverse-beams 3, the eccentrics being operated by suitable shafting 17.
- the eccentries are provided with annular straps or collars 4 wherein they rotate, the straps of one pair of eccentrics being rigidly connected at their tops with the adjacent transverse beam 3, as indicated at 4 while the tops of the remaining pairs of straps are hinged as at 4 to the corresponding transverse beams.
- the eccentrics are represented in the drawings as at the top of their stroke, so that the cross-beams 3 and, hence, the central beam 2, occupy a. raised position, with the latter beam projecting above the surface of the floor; but in the normal position of parts, the eccentrics are lowered, and with them the beams 3 and 2, the upper surface of the beam 2 lyin below that of the floor, so that the carbi 'boxes 100 rest upon andare supported by the floor.
- Tig t joints between the furnace and the pit wherein the operating mechanism is arranged are effected by means of fixed iron sheeting 5 located beneath the cross-beams, and of leather bellows-like sheets 6 fixed t0 the upper surfaces of said beams and to the side walls of the furnace.
- two gas locks 7 and 8 are provided at the delivery and discharge continuing he boxes con-' lock chamber to expel the air.
- the furnace is first heated to a high temperature by means ofsuitably-arranged carbon electrodesll, one of which is indicated, the
- Safety valves 16 are preferably utilized to permit the escape of any explosive gases which may be formed as a result of faulty working, these valves being arranged in the roof of the furnace.
- the electrodes 11 are located only, in the inlet portion or zone of the furnace, and are grouped comparatively close together adjacent the charging lock chamber, but are spaced farther and farther apart as they approach the central portion of the oven where the second zone commences.
- the action of the electrodes is, of course, to highly heat the walls of the furnace, )articularly the roof, the heating of the carbid being effected by radiation from said walls.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Description
L. E. FRIDERICH.
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYANAMIDS.
I 1 2 9 l 5 1 n a M d m n w a P a 0 wllw o D H N O .H A m H P A 2 SHEETS-SHEEN I.
L. E. FRIDERICH. PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYANAMIDS.
APPLICATION FILED OCT-1L I918.
Patented Mar. 15, 1921.
2 SHEETS-SHEE1 2 UNITED STATES LOUIS EUGENE FRIDERIGH, on Mars, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR T PATENT OFFICE.
LA socIE'rE FERDINAND GROS ET B OUGHARDY, OF PARIS, FRANCE.
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CY ANAMIDS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Mar. 15, 1921.
Application filed October 17, 1518. Serial No. 258,858.
(post-office address, 4 Rue Girardon,) have invented a new and useful Process for the Production of Cyanamids, which is fully set forth in the following specification.
This invention relates to the formation of cyanamid from calcium carbid and nitrogen; and its object, briefly stated, is the provision of an improved process which may be carried out more rapidly and with' larger resultant yields than is possible with the processes heretofore in use.
According to the invention, powdered carbid is deposited in boxes which are introduced successively into, and are, advanced automatically throu h, a suitable tunnel furnace, during whic time they are heated and subjected to the action of the nitrogen, the arran ement beingsuch that the reaction, whic is exothermic, is completed by the time the boxes reach the discharge end of the furnace. The boxes utilized are comparatively large and shallow, and the carbid is loosely deposited therein in thin layers, in order to expose to the heat as largeas possible a surface in proportion to the volume treated. The carbid is quickly'raised to the reaction temperature; but before such temperature is reached, the nitrogen, which is caused to flow through the furnace in a direction opposite to that traveled by the carbid boxes, has obtained free access to the carbid, the originally pulverulent mass sintering into a compact mass or body durin the reaction. The cyanamid is cooled as qulckly as possible after its formation; but this rapid cooling, however, is of less importance than the rapid heating, for the reason that,
decomposition takes place most rapidl when the material is in powdered form, w ich is the case during heating.
The accompanying drawings show one form of furnace in which the present process may be carried out, and in said drawm s:
igures 1, 1 and 1 constitute a longitudi nal vertical section of the furnace,
Figs. 2 and 3 are'transverse vertical sections on lines22 and 3-3, of Figs. 1 and 1*, respectively.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, the tunnel furnace thereinrepresented ing and movin carbid, and the removal 0 is constructed with a floor which comprises two fixed sections or parts 1, 1, spaced apart from each other to receive between them a central, longitudinal beam .2 covered with refractory material. This beam 2 is adapted to beraised and lowered by means of pairs of eccentrics 4 through the intermediary of transverse-beams 3, the eccentrics being operated by suitable shafting 17. The eccentries are provided with annular straps or collars 4 wherein they rotate, the straps of one pair of eccentrics being rigidly connected at their tops with the adjacent transverse beam 3, as indicated at 4 while the tops of the remaining pairs of straps are hinged as at 4 to the corresponding transverse beams. The eccentrics are represented in the drawings as at the top of their stroke, so that the cross-beams 3 and, hence, the central beam 2, occupy a. raised position, with the latter beam projecting above the surface of the floor; but in the normal position of parts, the eccentrics are lowered, and with them the beams 3 and 2, the upper surface of the beam 2 lyin below that of the floor, so that the carbi 'boxes 100 rest upon andare supported by the floor. At each revolution of the eccentrics, the aforementioned beams are lifted as above explained, with the result that the boxes are picked up by the central beam and raised above the floor; then, as the rotation of the eccentrics continues, the central beam, together with the boxes, will be moved in a forward direction through the furnace, it being understood that the boxes are loaded one after another upon the beam in some suitable manner; finally, the eccentrics start their downward movement, thereby lower- I back the central beam which, in turn, eposits the boxes upon the floor, the cycle of movements durin the working of the furnace.
Tig t joints between the furnace and the pit wherein the operating mechanism is arranged are effected by means of fixed iron sheeting 5 located beneath the cross-beams, and of leather bellows-like sheets 6 fixed t0 the upper surfaces of said beams and to the side walls of the furnace. To avoid the entry of air into the furnace during the charging of the boxes containinfg the powdered taming the 'cyanamid, two gas locks 7 and 8 are provided at the delivery and discharge continuing he boxes con-' lock chamber to expel the air.
'is then raised by means of a system of counter Weights 18, (which is also utilized to ends respectively of the furnace and constitute extensions of the furnace, these locks being isolated from the furnace by air-tight gates 10 and 9.
Considering now the actual process itself, the furnace is first heated to a high temperature by means ofsuitably-arranged carbon electrodesll, one of which is indicated, the
raise and lower the lock chamber cover, as will be understood from the dotted-line showing in Figs. 1 and 1 and, the box is finally forced into the furnace proper by the plunger mechanism 14. Thereupon the furnace gate 10 is closed again and a fresh box of carbid deposited in the lock chamber. The feeding mechanism comprising the eccentrics 4 and their operating shaftis then set in motion, and its speed regulated in any desired manner. Removal of the boxes c'ontaining the cyanamid takes place at the opposite end of the furnace, as will be understood,
the withdrawal of the boxes from the lock chamber 8 being effected by a second plunger mechanism 14' which is similar to the chargin mechanism 14, and the manipulation of t e cover 12' and gate 9' by a counterweight mechanism 13' similar to the mecha-'" nism 13 previously mentioned.
During the course of the operation, the nitrogen travels through the furnace in the opposite direction from the carbid boxes,
Once the reand a suitable exit is provided for the escape of any nitrogen which may be left after it has completed its traverse of the boxes; but in general the amount of nitrogen used is such as will be completely absorbed by the carbid; It will be seen that the electrodes 11 are located only, in the inlet portion or zone of the furnace, and are grouped comparatively close together adjacent the charging lock chamber, but are spaced farther and farther apart as they approach the central portion of the oven where the second zone commences. The action of the electrodes is, of course, to highly heat the walls of the furnace, )articularly the roof, the heating of the carbid being effected by radiation from said walls. In this way, the transformation of the carbid into cyanamid takes place rapidly, the crust of cyanamidinitially formed cracking and allowing access to the underlying carbid. Cooling takes place in the second half or zone of the furnace, and is rapidly effected, because of the fact that the progressive heating of the carbid is effected only at the rate at which it enters into reaction ;-that is to say, the reaction heat is transmitted layer by layer through the carbid, each successive layer cooling while the layers beneath it are reacting.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is A process for the production of calcium cyanamid, consisting in inserting a charge of powdered calcium carbid into a furnace; heating solely the upper layer of the charge to reaction temperature and permitting such temperature to be transmitted exothermically from layer to layer down to the bottom layer and moving the charge progressively through the furnace against a current of nitrogen in such a manner that immediately the said upper layer has become converted into cyanamid the charge will have reached a cool zone of the furnace, so that such layer will be cooled while the successive layers below it are reacting layer by layer.
In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.
LOUIS EUGENE FRIDERICH..
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US258658A US1371616A (en) | 1918-10-17 | 1918-10-17 | Process for the production of cyanamids |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US258658A US1371616A (en) | 1918-10-17 | 1918-10-17 | Process for the production of cyanamids |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1371616A true US1371616A (en) | 1921-03-15 |
Family
ID=22981558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US258658A Expired - Lifetime US1371616A (en) | 1918-10-17 | 1918-10-17 | Process for the production of cyanamids |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US1371616A (en) |
-
1918
- 1918-10-17 US US258658A patent/US1371616A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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