US1365894A - Process of purifying oils - Google Patents

Description

' T all whom it may concern UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID T. DAY, OF v'i'KTAS HIIKI'G J.ON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

PROCESS OF PUBIFYING- OILS.

No Drawing.

Be it known that I, DAVID T. DAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, District of Columbia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Processes of Purifying Oils, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the refining of oils and has to do particularl with the purification and deodorizing 0 oils especially hydrocarbon oils.

Petroleum oils and especially oils obtained therefrom by distillation and still cent.

more especially obtained by cracking processes, are always more or less characterized by unpleasant odors, and these are also indicative of'impurities in these oils which render them likely to polymerize or resinify, formingI gums which are highly undesirable.' otor spirits containing these gums quicklyfoul and clog up engines in which they are used. It has been found that in the case of hydrocarbon oil, these bad odors are chiefly due to the presence of a small proportion of the acetylene series, and the di-ethylene series of hydrocarbons, and even when the odors are Very pronounced they may be caused by less than half of one per of the objectionable hydrocarbon. These hydrocarbons form one series among many which are unsaturated hydrocarbons. It has been found that besides the unsaturated hydrocarbons known as the acetylene series, other unsaturated hydrocarbons occur generally in much larger proportion. For

' example, a crude petroleum of Pennsyl- Vania may contain five to ten per cent. of unsaturated hydrocarbon of which less than a tenth of one per cent. will consist of the acetylene series, or of the di-ethylene series. Again, a gasolene may contain more than ten per cent. of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which less than one-half of one per cent. may be of the bad smelling acetylene or diethylene, the remainder consisting chiefly of the ethylene series with no objectionable odor.

In refining hydrocarbon oils it is the well known practice to remove the odors b agitating the oil with strong sulfuricaci and in some cases even with. fuming sulfuric acid. It is well known that if such treatment is sufiiciently continued the sulfuric acid will attack all of the unsaturated hydrocarbons. It follows that during the agitation of oil with sulfuric acid the acid at- Specificatlon of Letters Patent. Patented J 18, 1921 Application filed February 18, 1918. Serial No. 217,920.

tacks not only the acetylene hydrocarbons,

but also more or less of the ethylene hydrocarbons, with consequent waste of both oil and acid. In the case of cracked motor spirits this loss is frequently excessive and very expensive.

I have found reagents which may be used in the place of sulfuric acid which attack practically only the objectionable hydrocarbons and thus make it possible to deodorize an oil with the loss-of a fraction of one per cent. and with a minimum consumption of the reagent. The reagents may be used and mixed with the oil either by air agitation, mechanical agitation, or treated in one of the more modern continuous systems. The reagents used are salts of mercury, copper, iron, and of similar metals in the lowest state of oxidation, that is cuprous and mercurous salts, etc. The salts of any metal in the lower state of oxidation may be used provided that such metal has two stages of oxidation. Chlorids and similar salts are especially efficient. The addition of ammonia to an extent sufficient to effect the solution of the salts has proved of advantage. The reagents may be used in said solutions. Cuprous chlorid in ammoniacal solution or in aqueous solution may be added to the oil and intimately mixed therewith in any suitable way and allowed to settle, after which it will be found that the reagent has taken with it the objectionable substances.

In carrying out the process any desired type of apparatus for mixing and subse quently separating off the reagent may be used. Such apparatus should have means for adding the reagent as a spray to the oil and means for agitating the mixture. gitation by releasing air under pressure within the oil is advantageous. Also means should be provided for introducing necessary wash solution such as alkali water, when needed to finish the removal of the reagent. No claim is made to, any apparatus since the process may becarried out in any convenient construction.

It is obvious from the nature of the reagents that they are also effective in removing odors due to sulfur compounds.

contact With cuprous chlorid in an ammoniawhich consists of bringing the gasolenc t0 cal solution. be treated into contact with cuprous chlorid 3. The process of purlfylng 011s contaln- 1n anammonlacal solutlon. mg undeslrable acet'ylenes to remove the 6. The process of purifying gasolene 15 -5 acetylene which consists of mixing the oil which consists of bringing the gasolene to to be treated with cuprous chlorid to take be treated into Contact with cuprous chlorid up the acetylene. I under substantially atmospheric tempera- 4. The process of purifying gasolene ture conditions.

which consists of bringing the gasolene to In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 20 10 be treated into contact with cuprous chlorid. my hand.

5; The process of purifying gasolene DAVID T. DAY.