US1363021A - Atmospheric or power hammer - Google Patents

Description

J. SLEE.

ATMOSPHERIC 0R POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, I915.

Patented Dec. 21, 1920..

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ATMOSPHERIC 0R POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, i915. 1,363,0%1 Patented Dec. 21, 1920.

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JOHN SLEE, 0F NEWTON-LE-WT-LLOWS, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOE OF THIRTY ONE- HUNDREDTHE TO ROBERT EDW'ARD BTIBBY TREVOR, O1? LIVERPOOL, ENG- LAND, AND THIRTY ONE-I-UJ'NDREDTHS T0 HERBERT WILLIAM JOHNSON,

OF ST. HELENS, ENGLAND.

ATMOSPHERIC OR POWER HAMMER.

Application filed May 6,

T 0 (all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN SLIDE, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Newton-le-lVillo'ws, in the county of Lancaster, in the Kingdom of England, have invented certain new and useful Tmprovements in or Relating to Atmospheric or Power Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in atmospheric or power hammers in which an air cushion is interposed between the driving member and the hammer member. This air cushion is formed of a piston and cylinder, one member of which is connected to the driving mechanism while the other is connected to the hammer or head member. Energy will be stored at certain portions of the cycle in the cushion of air between the piston and the cylinder and this energy will later in the cycle be imparted to the hammer.

According to the arrangement, the cylinder is arranged to reciprocate toward and away from the anvil block, and the hammer head (or a piston or plunger attached to the hammer head) is arranged to work in the cylinder. As the cylinder descends, the air above the piston is compressed, and is stored up to deliver the downward blow, the strength of which is dependent upon the force of the compressed air. As the cylin d r ascends, air enters through holes in the cylinder and air below the piston is compressed and the hammer head is lifted. We are by this means able to provide a pneumatic hammer in which the use of a storage reservoir charged with compressed air by means of an air compressing pump, is dispensed with.

The invention is more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of an improved power hammer.

Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan View.

Fig. 3 is a view of a detail.

Fig. 4 is a corresponding plan view to Fig. 3.

The power hammer l in a preferred form of construction (Fig. l) is mounted direct on to the piston rod 2 of piston working in cylinder 3. This cylinder 3 carries Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 21, 192@.

1915. Serial No. 26,264.

trunnions a by which it is connected bv means of links 5 to a cross beam 6 pivoted at or near its middle on the spindle 7. The beam 6 at its opposite end is connected by links (not shown) to a crank on the operatng shaft of the machine. The cylinder 3 is mounted to be slidable in guides 8 on the frame 9. The hammer l cooperates with a fixed block-10 in the usual manner. In the cylinder 3 a piston 11 is arranged to recip rocate. It will be seen therefore, that the motion of the cylinder 3 on the guides 8 and of the hammer head 1 is controlled from the beam 6, but an elastic cushion is arranged between the cylinder 3 and the hammer 1.

The stuiiing box for the piston rod preferably acts as means for preventing the piston rotating relatively to the cylinder. As shown the piston rod let is flattened on two sides and cheeks 18 bear against these fiattened sides to act as guide members and as a packing means for the rod 14. These cheeks 18 are adjustable by means of set screws or the like 19*". The members 18 may carry as shown, the valves 15 leading to the atmosphere.

The cylinder 3 is double-acting and the piston rod carries a piston 11. An automatic air valve such as 20 is provided to control air inlet to one end of the cylinder which can be further provided with perforations 17 for determining the point at which compression commences.

A crank member 48 carries a connecting rod 59 on which are threaded pistons 60 working in cylinders 61 connected to the end 62 of the beam 6. air inlet means controlled either by the passage of the pistons in the cylinder members or by automatic valves may be provided in the cylinders 61 and air inlet valves are provided in the pistons 60 themselves. To regulate the degree of compression in the cylinders 61 the pistons 60 may be displaced along the piston rods 59 by turning them relatively thereto and they can be locked in any desired adjusted positions by means of the lock nuts 63.

It is obvious that a considerable control over the acceleration of the hammer 1 during the cycle of rotation of the crank 48 can be exercised by differential adjustment of the pistons60 relatively to one another and the piston rod 59. Such differential adjustment can be further exercised as previously piston carrying the hammer head behind the definitely controlled member, for instance, the positively operated cylinder, may be adjusted to be difierent on the upstroke than 011 the downstroke.

When the apparatus is at rest, the cylinder contains air at atmospheric pressure, which air has free access thereinto by the holes or ports at midlength. If now the shaft be set into motion, the cylinder will be reciprocated up and down toward and away from the anvil block. As the cylinder descends the air above the piston is compressed and is stored up to give the hammer head its downward blow, the strength of the blow being dependent upon the force of the compressed air. Instant expansion of the air above the piston takes place when the crank and connecting rod turn the bottom center, and the cylinder begins to ascend. As the cylinder ascends, the air below the piston is compressed, and a hammer head is lifted. On the cylinder commencing its next descent, the piston will pass above the ports or holes, thus imprisoning air at the top of the cylinder to give the hammer head its downward blow, while on its ascent the piston will pass below the ports or holes, thus allowing a fresh supply of air to rush in into the upper part of the cylinder for the next compression. By this means the necessary body of air above the piston is replenished at each stroke. This alternate action of compressing the air above and below the piston will continue until the rotation of the shaft is stopped. In order to produce a succession of blows, the power shaft is set in continuous motion, or when the shaft is stopped the blows will cease, the hammer head remaining in the raised or lowered position according to the position of the rocking beam.

The hammer thus makes a number of blows equal to the revolutions of the rotary shaft, and the force of the blows is regulated by regulating the speed of the shaft, and also by regulating by means of the disks,

the position to which the hammer head is allowed to descend, that is to say the farther the hammer head descends the stronger will be the blow delivered. The cylinder alone has operating connections while the piston therein is wholly an atmospheric actuated piston, governed in all its movements by the atmosphere within the cylinder, and by the reciprocation of the cylinder.

The term cylinder as used herein, is used to define the chamber wherein the piston works, and must be understood to be comprehensive enough to cover any chamber in which a piston will reciprocate. Furthermore, the terms downward and upward are used herein to define the forward stroke of the piston and cylinder, and their return stroke, which need not of course be necessarily up and down in a vertical direction.

I declare that what I claim is 1. A power hammer comprising a frame, a crank shaft journaled therein, a beam pivoted on said frame, a valved air cylinder connected to one end of said beam, a piston operable in said cylinder, a rod connecting said piston and said crank, the connection between said rod and piston being adjustable for varying the compression in said air cylinder, acylinder connected to the other end of said beam and reciprocable on said frame, a free piston operable in said cylinder, a hammer connected to said piston, and means for causing the reciprocation of said cylinder to operate said piston to ac tuate the hammer.

2. An atmospheric or power hammer, comprising a frame, a main shaft journaled in said frame, a crank on said main shaft, a beam pivoted on said frame, a connecting rod connected to said crank, a pneumatic cylinder connected to the beam, a piston moving in said cylinder and connected to one part of the connecting rod, means whereby said piston may be adjusted relatively to said rod, a hammer, and a free piston and cylinder connection between said hammer and the opposite end of said beam.

In witness whereof,I have hereunto signed my name this 23 day of April, 1915, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN SLEE.

Witnesses:

HAROLD E. Por'rs, ROBERT E. B. Tnoon.

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