US1360910A - Compressor for refrigerating-machines - Google Patents

Description

P. FISCHBACHER.

COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30, I919.

1 3 0,9 1 0, V Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

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COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30.1919.

- 1,3609 l O. Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

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anemia/13 P. HSCHBACHER.

COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING MACHINES,

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30, I919. Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

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COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING MACHINES.

- APPLICATION FILED JULY 30. I919.

1,360,910, Patented Nbv. 30, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- v32 O O OCDO 2 2 J glwvawtoz v P sc 4: 1967 I attoznu PATENT: OFFICE-4 rrnmr FISCHBAGI-IER, or comer, ILLINOIS. assmnon 'ro AMERICAN sAmAnY REFRIGERATION 00., OF OWENSBORO, KENTUCKY, A

warm t To all wliom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Prirnrhhsoiamonnn,1

a citizen of the United States, residin at Quincy, in the county of Adams and tate of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compressors for Refrigerating-Machines, of whichthe following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings. 7

This invention relatesto refrigerating machinery, andparticularly to that form of refrigerating machinery wherein an element under pressure is allowed to expand within the refrigerating coils, and isjthen withdrawn therefrom to a compressor and is compressed therein, and then condensed, and then passes back through the expansion or refrigerating coils. 1

One of the objects of this invention is to improve the construction of the condenser whereby thegas is condensed after leaving the compressor, and particularly to provide meanswhereby the cooling water within the condenser may be kept cool by the passage of airthrough cooling tubes passing through the water'and by the aid of fins forming part ofthewater containing tank. 7

Another objectis to' provide means for forcing air through these tubes and against the condenser'jacket. i I

A further object is to improve and simplify the compressor, partic'ularly'as regards the mechanism for reciprocating the piston and the inlet andoutlet; valve mechanism, v 1

A further object is to provide in connection with the compressor, an accumulator or accumulat ng chamber havlng a cubical content many times larger than the displacement of-the piston or pistons of the compressor, whereby any liquid passing over to 1119 compressor from the evaporation or ex panslon coils may be evaporated, thus preventing the knocking out of the cylinder head and other injuries to the compressor.

And a further object is to. provide in connection with the accumulator, means whereby the refrigerating agent maybe purified before passing to the compressor.

CORPORATION OF DELL oomr mssoa on REFRIGERATING-MACHINES.

Specification otLetters Patent. Patented Nov, 30, 1920, Application fll ed J'uly" 80, 1919. "Serial No. 314,222. 1

Another object in this connection is to prov de means whereby the accumulator may be blown out, and to provide means whereby the screen used for separating the scale and other solid matters from the refrigerating agent and preventing these foreign mat- 'ters from passing into the valve chamber of I Still another object is to provide an auto-" 'matic expansion regulator controlling the passage of the refrigerating agent to the expansion or refrigerating coils, and. so constructedthat as soon as the back pressure orevaporating pressure in said coils reaches the desired point, the needle valve controlling the passage of the refrigerating agent to the expansion coils will be closed and that when this evaporating pressure within the expansion coils is reduced beyond a certain amount, the valve of the expansion regulator will again open.- I v 7 Still another object is to provide an ex an sion regulator which is provided with a. an-

mg a valve controlling the passage of water from a source of supply to the jacket of the condenser, and this handle-further operating a switch whereby the passage of current to the electric motor running the compressor is controlled:

Other objects have to do with the details of construction and arrangement of parts,

, dle operating thevalve controlling the passage of the refrigerating agent into the ex-- pansion regulator. this handle also operatas-will be hereinafter more fully explained. I

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying'drawings, wherein Figure l is an elevation of a refrigerating system constructed in accordance with my invention, the compressor and the condenser being shownin section;

' V sepprator Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse sectional :view ofthe condenser and the compressor "ta'ken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the expansion regulator,

ig. 4.is a vertical sectional view of the ig .'5 is a sectional view of the outer valve cage of-the compressor;

j -Fig.-6 is a vertical sectional view of the nterior valve cage;

'Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the induction valve;

'erally 'the; compressor,

Fig S isa vertical sectional view of the;

outlet valve; and 7 Fig. 9 is asection on the line.99 of Fi 8. i

Tteferring to these drawings, particularly a i to Figz'f 1, itwill be seen that I have illus- 'that'is a compressor having two parallel cylinders 10. Operatingwithin each cylincrank shaft 12,

der is 'the'piston ll'operated by a double having oppositely extending cranks'13 engaging the piston rods. The 'crank shaft 12 operates within the crank case 14., The cylinder casting rests upon this crank case or isconnected thereto in any suitablemanner and is provided with the outwardly projectingfiange 15. Each cylinder is] enlarged at its upper end, as at 16. These upperends of the cylinders are closed by heads 17 which are cast in one piece, this castingv 18 between the heads being, formed 'to provide an accumulator chamber '19. Each head 17 is formed to provide a chamber v 20 coincident with the longitudinal axis of the corresponding cylinder.

I Disposed withineach enlarged portion 16 and resting upon' a shoulder formed at the base of'this-enlarged portion is a cage 21hav- .ing' an'inwardly extending flange 22 at its lower end, and formed upon this lower face with a valve seat 23. The wall of this cage i s p rovided with a pluralit of perforations.

he'enlarged head 16 orms an annular chamber 24 surrounding the cage 21, and these chambers 24 are connected by a duct or passage 25 extending through the web connecting the enlarged. portions of the cylinders. This-passage 25, it maybe said in passing, is connected to the accumulator chamber 19. Disposed inward of and con centric to :the cage 21 .is a cylindrical, im-

perforate cage 26, the upper end of which is j enlarged or flanged and, exteriorly screwpassage 'cumulator chamber 19, and from this duct threaded for engagement with the interior screw-threads on the upper end of the cage 21. The lower end of this cage 26 is downwardly and centrall beveled on both faces to form an inner va ve seat 27 and an outer valveseat 28. Disposed exterior to the cage 26 and having a sliding fit therewith'is a cylindrical valve 29, whose lower end 15 flanged or headed, as at 30, to provide a valve proper having oppositel beveled faces coacting with the sea-ts 23 an '28. The upper end of the tubular shank of this valve 29 is flanged, and a spring 31 bears against this flanged end and urges the tubular shank of the valve upward and the valve to its seats. This valve 29 constitutes the inlet valve of the compressor and the cylindrical body or shank of the valve is perforated, as at 32, to permit free passage of gas into the upper end of the cylinder upon the suction stroke of the compressor. Disposed within the annular or cylindrical member 26 is an outlet valve 33 whose lower end is beveled to fit the, seat 27, this valve being connected to a hollow, cylindrical body 34', open at its bottom and top and having a sliding fitwithin the member 26, the valve being .held to its seat by a spring 35 in the chamber 20. It will be obvious that upon the downward movement of" a" piston, the inlet valve 30 will open, permitting the passage of the refrig- 95 and that upon the upward crating agent from the accumulator 19 into the compressor, movement of the compressor, this inlet valve will close, and that after the refrigerating agent hasbeen compressed to a certain'degree, the outlet valve 33 will open, permitting the passage of the compressed refrigerating agent into the chamber 20. Both of these chambers 20 are connected by a duct or 36, which extends through the acor passage 36-leads a pipe 37.

Preferably, a screen or filter is disposed'be tween the duct 25 and the accumulator chamber 19 in order to separate the foreign particles from the refrigeratingagent, and to this end I have shown a pipe 38 as extending from the duct 25 into the accumulator chamber, this pipe bein rforated at its upper end and surrounde by a screen 39. This pipe and screen are removable for cleaning, and leakage is prevented by'the stuffing boxes 40. Extending from the accumulator chamber 19 at one side of this pipe 38 is a blow-ofi valve or cook 41, whereby impurities may be blown out of the accumulator chamber from time to time. that the accumulator chamber shall be provided at one side in its wall with a sight glass whereby the interior of the accumulator chamber may be inspected from time to time.

Disposed around one or both of the cylin- 120 It is preferable I ders is a cooler jacket 42. This jacket is,

formed of thin, corrugated metal and is riveted or otherwise attached at its bottom upon the flange 15. The side wall of the jacket is very deeply corrugated so as to give a relatively large cooling area, and extending through the interior of the cooling jacket and opening upon the outer face of the cooling jacket are a plurality of thin metal pipes 43, these pipes being open at their opposite ends. Extending spirally around the cylinders of the compressor and submerged within the cooling jacket is a condensing coil 44,

and it will be noted from Fig. 1 that the tubes 43 are disposed between these coils to space the coils apart. Mounted in suitable bearings on one side of the compressor is a blower or air propeller 45 which forces cool air positively against the cooling jacket and through the pipes 43 so that constant currents of cold air are being made to continually traverse these pipes 43.

The crank shaft 12 carries thereon a Worm wheel 46 which is driven by a worm 47 on a worm shaft 48. This shaft passes through a suitable stufling box 49 in the crank case. 14 and at its outer end is driven by the motor H. This shaft also carries upon it a combined band and fly wheel 50. The air propeller 45 is mounted upon a shaft 51 which, at its'inner end, is supported in bearings 52 formed between the cylinders. and this shaft carries upon it a band wheel 53 to which power is transmitted from the band wheel and fly wheel 50 by means of a belt or in any other suitable manner. I

The pipe 37 leads into the separator C. which comprises a vertically extending, tubular member closed at its upper end and having at its lower end a discharge tube 54 provided with a purge valve. The interior of this separator C is divided for a portion of its length into two parts by means of a zigzag plate 55 constituting a'-bafile-wall.

This plate extends from the top of the separator nearly to the bottom thereof, and the upper end of the separator isconnected to the upper end of the coil 44 by means of a pipe connection 56. The separator C, of course, is designed for the purpose of separating oil from the refrigerating agent and operates in the usual manner. Thus oil and these coils extends a pipe 60 which discharges into the accumulator 19.

The expansion regulator is designed to automatically control the passage of the condensed refrigerating agent from the pipe 58 into the expansion coil and to be controlled by the evaporation pressure or back pressure within the expansion coils. The expansion regulator comprises a tubular body 61 whose inlet end is connected to the pipe 58 and hence to the receiver E, and whose outlet end connects by pipe 59 to the expansion coils. Disposed within this tubular body and adjacent its inlet end is a rotatable cut-ofi' valve 62 having a stem extending downward through a stuffing box 63 formed on the body 61, and this stem at its lower end carries a rotatable valve or cook 64 carried within a valve casing 65 forming part of the pipe connection 66 by j which water is conducted from a source of the valve spindle 62 are the rotatable switch elements 72, which coact with the terminals '70 and 71. and which, when they are turned in one position, connect said terminals, and in the other position disconnect them. Suitable conductors lead from the switch terminals 70 and 71 to the electric motor H. and are connected thereto in an obvious manner, and feed conductors lead from a source of energy to these terminals 70 and 71. Thus, it will be seen that when the valve spindle 62 is rotated a quarter turn. the valve 62 will beopened to permit the flow of refrigerating agent from the receiver E to the expansion coils, the valve 64 will be opened to permit the flow of water from the water supply to the jacket 42, and the motor H will be connected to a source of current.

Mounted upon and forming part of the body 61 is a cylinder 73 formed to provide a lower chamber 74 and an uiper chamber- 75 separated from each other y an annular web. Disposed in this annular web is a stufling box 76. The lower end of the chamber 74 is open and the body 61 is provided With a central, upwardly extending hub valve 82, which diaphragmhas been found 80 constitute astufling box through which passes the rod 81 whose lower end istapered to form a valve 82 extending through the hub 77, and which may extend across the contracted portion 83 of the central bore of body 61.

For the purpose of shifting the valve 82,

.1 provide within the chamber 75 a piston S l whichis urged upwardbymeans of a. compression spring. 85 and which is attached to the upper end of the rod 81. The head 86of chamber 75 is provided withv a central screw 87 which may be turned down to limit the upward movement of the piston and is held in its adjusted position by a lock nut 88, this screw providing means for adjusting the expansion valve. Leading into the upper endof the chamber 7 5 above the piston is a duct 89 connected by a pipe 90 to the pipe 59 and, therefore, connected. to

- the'sucti0n line, andthe opposite wall of "the chamber 75 is provided with a duct 91 leading from the upper portion of the chamber 75 above the piston and leading to a pressuregage 92 of any ordinary and usual construction.

. In practical use, assuming'that the valve 62 is' open, then as soon as the back pressure or evaporating pressure in the evaporating coils G attains a predetermined degree, this pressure will be transmitted to the oil in the upper portion of the chamber 75and'this oil will force thepiston 84 down.- ward against the force of the spring 85, thus causing the valve 82 to close the passage through the body 61, in other words prevent the passage of refrigerant from the receiver E to the expansion coils. When this back pressure is relieved, however, then the spring 85 moves the piston 84 upward a degree depending upon the adjustment of the screw 87 and then the valve 82 permits the passage of refrigerant to the expansion coils. Thevalve stems and valves of the automatic expansion regulator are made of non-corrosive metal, and self-lubricating metal packing is used for the stufiing-boxes- 63, 76 and 77 to prevent any sticking or wearing. This construction does away with the use of a diaphragm for-controlling the to be unreliable. This expansion regulator eliminates danger of explosions and also damage due to overflowing the refrigerating system with liquid and in turning the water on for the condenser, as the refrigerant can not be allowed to flow to the expansion and refrigerating coils without the water cock (S L-having also been turned on. It is 60 in small amounts to the jacket 42 in order to take care of evaporation, and that there to be understood that water is only supplied is no necessity of causing cold water to fiow through the jacket 42, as the cooling jacket with its tubes or pipes 43 and the fan or propeller 45 takes'entire care of condensation of the incoming gases and keeps the it passes into the cooling coil 44 of the condenser, from which condensed gases flow as a liquid into the receiver, thus completin the cycle of operation. It is to be particularly noted that the accumulator chamber 19is many times larger than the displacement of the pistons. The discharge from pipe runs through this accumulator chamber and in its passage through the accumulator chamber all liquid refrigerant which may be carried over from the low pressure or expansion side is evaporated. This prevents the knocking out of the cylinder heads and other injuries to the compresser. Furthermore, this evaporation acts to purify the refrigerating agent and thus a continuous purifying action takes place when the system is in operation.

It is also to be pointed out that the outside valve cage 21 has a relatively large area and that there is a large inlet surface formed by the doubleseated inlet valve 30, and that the large area in the accumulator and the large area outside the valve cage 21 and the large inlet surface of the double seated valve, permits the compressor to have an extremely high speed with the cylinders always filled with pure gas for discharge.

Therefore, I secure a relatively. great efficiency from a relatively small and cheap machine, using considerably less power and less water.

It will be understood that in the accumulating chamber 19, the cold incoming gases accumulate and the discharge gases flow through this accumulating chamberby the pipe 36. The discharge gases raise the temperature of the accumulating gases in chamber 19 and thus separate the liquid and other foreign matters which would be otherwise drawn over onto the low pressure side of the system. The pure ammonia vapor passes through the inlet port in the cylinder upon the down stroke of the piston and the unevaporated liquid whichcan not pass through the filler 39, collects in the bottom of the accumulator until blown out through valve 41, and this accumulator or accumulating chamber is made large so that the liquid which collects in the bottom of the chamber can have the ammonia therein evaporated therefrom without the liquid passing over into the inlet pipe.

The concentric valve mechanism which I have illustrated is particularly valuable as the suction valve, that is the valve 30, is the most important valve on a refrigerating machine. This suction valve must have a very large area on a high speed machine in order to fill the cylinder full of gas. The suction valve seat is relatively wide and has a. diameter nearly that of the bore of the cylinder, and the suction valve has a larger bearing or guide portion 29 than is possible with an ordinary puppet valve. Therefore, not only this, but a larger, more flexible spring can be used and a quicker opening and closing can be secured, therefore an extremely high speed can be developed with less cost than is possible in the old type of puppet valve.

The water supply valve 64 is to compensate for loss of water from the 'acket by evaporation or from other causes. he water level in this jacket is kept above the accumulator chamber 19. Of course, the object of the zigzag separator plates 55 is to secure the greatest possible area for separating impurities of the discharge gases. These inclined plates tend to impede the movement of the foreign particles without impeding the movement of the fluid passing through the separator.

I claim 1. In refrigerating machinery, the combination with a compressor having a compressor cylinder, a piston operating therein, and inlet and outlet valves therefor, of an accumulating chamber, an outlet pipe leading from the accumulator chamber and perforated therein, a screen disposed around the perforated end of the outlet pipe, and a blow-off valve opening from the accumulator chamber.

2. A refrigerating machine including in combination a pair of compressor cylinders, each cylinder having inlet and outlet valves formed to provide an inlet duct communicating with both cylinders and an outlet duct leading from both cylinders, a crank case upon which the cylinders are mounted, a crank shaft therein having oppositely disposed cranks engaged with pistons in the compressor cylinders, a worm gear carried upon the crank shaft, and a driving shaft having a worm extending into the crank case and engaging said worm gear.

3. A refrigerating compressor including in combination a compressor cylinder en larged at one end, a piston operating within the cylinder, an annular inlet valve having oppositely beveled faces operating within the enlarged portion of the cylinder, the enlarged portion of the cylinder being formed with double annular seats for said valve, a spring holding said valve closed but permitting the opening of the valve upon the intake stroke of the piston, and a centrally disposed discharge valve yieldingly urged to its seat.

4. A compressor for refrigerating machinery including in combination a coinpressor cylinder enlarged at one end and having an inlet duct opening into this enlarged end, a piston operating within the cylinder, an annular cage disposed within the enlarged end of the cylinder and having perforated side walls and a beveled under face, an inner, cylindrical imperforate cage concentricto the first named cage but spaced therefrom and defining an outlet passage and formed at one end of said passage with an inwardly inclined, annular valve seat, and exterior of this valve seat with a second downwardly and centrally extending annular valve seat, the first named cage being formed at its lower end with a beveled valve seat, an annular valve having double faces coacting with the two last named valve seats and having a tubular body sliding upon the second named cage, said body being formed with transverse perforations above the valve, a spring urging the last named valve to its seats, a centrally disposed discharge valve slidingly mounted within the second named cage, and a spring urging the discharge valve to its sea 5. A refrigerator compressor including in combination a plurality of cylinders each enlarged at one end, pistons operating within said cylinders, a common crank shaft for all of said cylinders, a member formed to provide heads for the several cylinders, each head having an outlet chamber, a duct formed in said member and into which all of said outlet chambers discharge, and inlet and outlet valves disposed in the enlarged portion of each cylinder and removable through the ends of said enlarged portions of the cylinders when the member forming the heads of the several cylinders is removed.

6. A compressor for refrigerating machinery including in combination a plurality of cylinders enlarged at one end, pistons operating the cylinders, the enlarged ends of the cylinders being connected by an inlet duct common to all of the cylinders, a member formed to provide heads for each cylinder, each of said heads being formed with an outlet chamber, said member being formed to provide an accumulator chamber connected to the first named duct and adapted to receive refrigerant, and the outlet cha1n bers of the several heads being connected by a duct passing through said accumulator chamber and extending out therefrom.

7. A compressor for refrigerating machinery including in combination a head for the compressor having a centrally disposed outlet duct, an annular inlet duct separated from the outlet duct by an annular wall, an annular wall surrounding the first named Wall, said Walls at the lower end formed to provide annular, downwardly flaring valve seats, an outlet valve disposed within the 10 first named duct, and an inlet valve having a shank surrounding the first named wall and having at its lower end'a double head coacting with the two valve seats, and a spring urging said suction valve to its seats. In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

PHILIP FISCHBACHER.

WVitnesses: v

S. S. DEATHERAGE, SILAS RosENFELD.

Images