US1360241A

US1360241A - Method for producing metallic bushings and similar cylindrical bodies, & c.

Info

Publication number: US1360241A
Application number: US879912A
Authority: US
Inventors: Muller Friederich
Original assignee: Whitney Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Whitney Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 1914-12-31
Filing date: 1914-12-31
Publication date: 1920-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 1937-11-23

Description

5 SHEETS-SHEET h F. MLLER. mamon ron Paonucm METALLIC BusHmGs `Mm smuLAR cYuNDmcAL Booms, am.

- APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31, |914. RENEWED AUG- 3. 1920. 1,360,241, Patented Nov. 23, 1920'.

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F. MLLER. METHOD Foa PIIoDucIMG METALLIC BusHIMGs AND SIMILAR cYLIIInnIcAL onILs, ac, APPLICATION FILED DEC. 3l, I9I4- E NEWED AUG. 3, 1920. 1 ,360, 1 Patlltd NOV. 23, 1920.

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METHOD FOR PRODUCING METALLIC BUSHINGS AND SIMILAR CYLINDRICAL BODIES,

APPLICATION FILED PEC- 31. I9I4. RENEWED AUG. 3| 1920.

Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

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F. MLLER.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METALLIC BUSHINGS AND SIMILAR CYLINDIIICAL BODIES, c.

APPLICATION FILED 050.31. 1914. nENEwEn AuG. a. 1920.

1,360,241 Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

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nesses: [fzVefzZor GJM@ -JLDM'JU MW@ F. MLLER.- METHGD FDR PRODUCING METALLIC BUSHINGS AND SIMILAR CYLINDRICAL BODIES, c.

v APPLICATION FILED DEC. 3|. I9I4.` IIENEWED AUG. 3| 1920. 1,360,241, Patented Nov. 23,1920.

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ERIEDEEICH MLLER, or nimTronncoNNncTrcu'r, AssIGNon To THE WHITNEY iure. co., or HARTFORD, ooNNEcTrcufr, n. conPonnTIoN or CONNECTICUT.

innrnon ron rnonucnve n ETALLre nusnINGs .fiNn SIMILAR CYLINDNICAL BODIES, ae.

Specification of Letters Patent.

.Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

Application filed December 31, '.l911t,`$e1ia.1` No. 879.912. Renewed` August 3J 1920. Serial No. l01,081.

To a-ZZ whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, liIiInDnRIoI-I `lVlLLnRa a citizen of the United States, residing` at lrlartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain :new and useful Improvements in Methods for Froducing Metallic Bushings and Similar Cylindrical Bodies-Snc., of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention relates broadly and generally to new and useful improvements in methods for producing metallic bushings and similar cylindrical bodies.`

An important object of the invention, among others, is to produce a bushing which will he adapted for general use in the 1nechanical arts, but which will be particularly iilesirable for use in connection with power transmission chains, for` instance,` the well.- lrnown form of sprocket chains, and also of the linlnhelt type, which bushing `may be made economically and rapidly from ahlank of suitable metal, and which will haveI the advantages of being truly cylindrical hoth cxteriorly and interiorly, which will have the grain of the metal extended circumferentially thereof, strengthening the same against fracture under strain.. and `which will be of such form as to facilitate the assembling of the same in the completed chain structure, iiiarticularly in connection with machine for automatically applying said bushings to said chains, or the elements of chains. y

A. further object is to provide a method which will permit of the rapid, economical and e'iicient productionof `bushings having 'le advantages. above setforth. A

`The invention consists in the improvements to be more fully `described hereinalter. and the novelty of which will be partrulerly pointed out and distinctly claimed. l have fully and clearly illustrated in the :icronipanying drawings to be taken as a part of this specilication7 the improved bushing and preferred embodiment of a machine for carrying out the method for poduciirg said bushing.

in said drawings, Figure `l is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of the mal chine, certain parts being broken away to better disclose the operation and arrange ment of certain parts thereof.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2`of Fig. l looking in the direction of the Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 `of Fig. l.

Fig. t is a view in end elevation of a portion of the machine shown in Fig. 1, and illustrating mechanism for operating a transfer slide.

Figfl is a view` in rear elevation and partly in section, of a portion of the machine showing the arrangement of the transfer slide operated by the mechanism shown in Fig. 4,; and also a slide for operating a mandrel.

Fig. 6 is a horiaontal sectional View of a portion of the machine showing the `location of a slide member for subjecting a blank to a curling or forming die, certain parts being removed and the transfer slide shown in position to receive the stock when it is fed through the guide block and cut-off.

'i' is an enlarged sectional detail view of a stripping device.

Fi S is a front viewof the transfer slide showing the same in the position it assumes after removing the blank from the cutting knife and presenting the same to the curling or forming die. k

Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail view of the transfer slide. y

i lo is an enlarged sectional view through the transfer slide and showing the curling' or forming die, anda sectional view of the mandrel located in said curling or forming die.`

Fig. 1l is an enlarged vertical section 'through the transfer slide block showing the cutting knife and `its carrier, and the spring means for raising the same after the cutting operation.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged vertical sectional view throughroller means for forming and sizing the bushings-` i Fig. 13 is an enlarged view `in side elevation of the sizing block and showing a stock plate to guide flat stock as it is being pushed into the curling or forming die.

Fig. lel is a vertical sectional View of a modilied forni of the invention for feeding the stoclr in the form of previously cut blanks .from the hopper to the curling or forming die.

lill) Fig. 15 is a. sectional view on the line 15-15 0f rig. 14. Y

Fig. 1G is a sectional View showing another lmeans for cutting off the stock from a continuous strip and presenting it to the slide for moving it into the curling or forming die.

Fig. 17 is a section taken on the line 17-17 of Fig. 16 and showing the cuttingoff plunger in lowermost position to serve as the guide for the stock asit is pushed intofthe curling or forming die.

'F ig. 18 shows a plan and side elevation of the blank of metal from which the bushing is made, andprevious to being curled.

Fig. 19 is a view in end elevation of the blank previous to being curled and showing the rounded edges thereof.

Fig. 2O shows the position assumed by the blank after Vbeing subjected to the action of the curling or forming die.

Fig. 21 shows the position assumed by the blank after being subjected to the forming rollers.A

Fign22 is an end view of the completed bushing after it has been passed through the curling or forming die, the forming rollers and the sizing bushing or die.

Fig. 23 is a longitudinal section through the inished'bushing. Y

I will first proceed to describe my invention iny so far as it relates to the method and the article produced thereby, and will then describe one machine for carrying the method into effect.

According to one way of carrying out my improvedmethod I take a strip of metal stock of the desired nature and in which the "fibers or grain extend lengthwise of the CII strip, and provioe one or both, preferably both, edges thereof with rounded surfaces as indicated at a. in Fig.'18 in thedrawings, and from this strip cnt a blank on a line exf tending transversely of the strip entirely across the same so as to produce a rectangular blank hai/'ing two of its opposite pai'- allel sides rounded, and the two other` par 'allel sides cut at an incline to the plane of 'the blank'as indicated at 'This blank is of such'dimensions that its width from one rounded edge to the other will produce a bushing of Acoriespending length, and of such width from one inclined edge to the other that a bushing of the desired diameter and bore will be produced. I then take this blank and by a curling operation curliit on an axis extending pa allel to the inclined `o tu. f' es'. w ci c cesa uuiar y riansierse ides, hi Iipiolu t l l body substantially similar to the body shown in end elevation in Fig. 2O of the drawings. In thiscondition theinclined edges do not meet and a true cylinder is not produced. n performing this curling operation l ,pre-

fer to wrap the metal blank about a mandrel orcorev located within a cylindrical die member by forcing the blank with one ol its inclined edges foieinost into said die` and about the core by a movement ai. right angles to the longitudinal axis ol.l thi` die and core, whereby the blank is by this cn- F vthe bore and the circumference of said body.

I accomplish this preferably by yforcing said body, such as shown in Fig. 2o, and while still on the mandrel, through a pair of conipiession die rollers which press and shape said body to substantially the forni lshown in Fig. 21, in which the bushing is substauA tially cylindrical, but the cut edges of the blank are slightly spaced apart and parallel to each other. The body iu the forni lshown in Fig. 21, and while still on the core or mandrel, is then forced i'hrough a suitable compression die, which contracts the cylinder until it reaches the true cylindrical l'orni shown in Fig. 22, in which the meeting Vedges abut. In this condition the bushing is completed and is in condition for use in any situation desired. lt will be noted that in producing this bushing the inciincd cui edges in the completed article abut so as to lie in a plane substantially radial to the longitudinal axis of the bushing. lt will also be seen that in the completed article the fiber or grain of the metal extends abouiv the bushing circumferentially which is of great advantage in that this arrangement of the fibers provides a tough and more rigid bushing, which is not liable lo bc splintered under blows or strain. this being due to the fact that the bushing is not brittle as the case would be where the ,cgi-aiu runs longitudinally of the bushing '.l'b'.l rounded ends of the bushing are olf advantage because it is not necessary to niill or reduce the same iii order to insert the budiing through openings in chain links. as the case would be where the bushings have squared ends, which are liable to have ius or spurs of metal interfering with the insertion of the bushing. and which -iuust be removed before assembling the bushingv iu a chain structure. The rounded ends will he found especially advantageous when used in a chain assembling machine. as the bush` ings can be readily fed to the chain and assembled therein without regard to the form of the ends of the bushing. The. action of the dies in compressing and forining the blank. results in the metal of' the starting blank being drawn, stretched or lill lllll llo liu

flowed so that the finished product is of greater length than the width of the starting blank and its circumference is greater than the lengthof the blank.

I will now proceed to describe my invention in so far as it relates to a machine for carrying out the method and producing the improved bushing above described.` Referring to the drawings and particularly Flgs. 1, 2 and 5 thereof:

1 designates a machine frame, the `construction of which may be varied widely without affecting the scope of my invention, but preferably consisting of two wings or sections 2, 3 arranged at right angles to each other, and a short wing or section 4 at right angles to the` part 1 and extending in opposite directions from and in longggitudi-` nai alinementV with the part 3. Mounted on the upper portion of the frame between the parts 3 and f1 is a fixed block 5, bolted to the bed plate of the frame as at 6, and provided with a vertical opening 7 in which is arranged for vertical reciprocation, a knife block or carrier 8, having a central vertical opening 9 in which is secured a chisel knife Y l0, the lower chisel end of which depends from said block 8 and coperates with an anvil plate 12 secured in a recess 13 in the bottom wall of the opening 7 in said block 5. The knife may be secured in the block 8 in any suitable manner as by a set screw 1d threaded through said block and engaging said knife with its inner end. This knife has a double inclined chisel end, as indicated in F ig. 2 for a purpose to be presently set forth. The knife block or `carrier 8 is normally urged upward by a pairof expansion springs 15, the ends of Which respectively abut the bottom of the opening 7, on opposite sides of the plate 12, and the lower portion of said block or carrier S. By this means `the carrier is automatically raised to locate the cutting edge ofthe knife at a point above the plate 12. The knife `carrier or block is held in place in the opening 7 by keeper plates f7, andis nor# mally thrust laterally against said plates by meansof a spring 8' exerting its force expansively against the back `wall of said opening?, and the vertical face of the knife carrier 8, the sidewise movement being at right angles to the line of cut, as will be clear from Fig. 2. The particular function of this arrangement will be presently described` The plate or block 12 heretofore described is provided with a longitudinal passageway 16 leading to a point beneath the cutting edge of the knife, and opening through the opposite side of the block from that on which the knife Areciprocates, and adapted to guide `a strip of stock to the knife so that the latter may sever the necessaryportion to form a blank for a bushing. The strip of stock may be fed to the knife mounted on the extension 4t of themachine frame. The upper of these rollers carries a gear 20 in mesh with a gear 21, mounted on a stubshaft 22 secured to one of the pedestals 19, said gear 21 having connected therewith a pawl and ratchet clutch mechanism 23, the operating lever 2d of which 1s reciprocated by a connecting rod 25minnecting said arm to a rock lever 26 ful crunledon the frame as at 2i', and having a `cam follower pin E28 Aengaging an `eccentric cam groovel) en a rotatable camdisk 3() mounted on a horizontally disposed power shaft The power shaft is mounted in suitable bearings cn the frame and may be driven continuously in one direction by any suitable means. lt will be apparent that the construction of the feeding means is such as to intermittently feed the strip of stock forward step by step to the knife.`

`liflounted on the frame, and in line with the part Q, and spaced from the block 5 and the knife l() is a transversely arranged block` hereinafter referred to as a die block 32 hav ing a vertical stop face 33 against which the inner end of the strip of stock abuts previous to being cut off by the knife,sothat the strips cut will always be of a determined length, the length of blank cut corresponding to the distance from the knife edge to said face This length may be regu lated by'providingsaid stop face with reinevable plates olf-different thicknesses, adapted to be secured to the die blockby bolts whereby the said stop face can be located at different distances from the line of cut. I It will` also be understood that the feeding connections may be adjusted to regulate the amount ef strip` fed to the knife to correspond to `the distance from the line of cut tosaid cut-off. Arranged to" reciprrmatc across the cuter face of the knife 10, and between the block 5, and the block is a reciprocable transfer slide 3i' 'ha/ving adovetail sliding connection 3G with a doretail groove in the vertical face'of the block T his transfer slide in retracted position extends by the knife andthe opening 16, and isprevided with a slot 3S to receive tl severed, and transiti' the same to a forming-,fj die to be presently described. This transtr y slide in its retracted position, is arranged with said slot in line with the line cf `feed of the strip of stock, so as to receive that end portion ofthe strip which is to be serered and which abuts the faceplate 234-. The transfer slide is timed to transfer the severed portion of the strip., which is to be formed into the bushing, to a point to one ie end of the strip being ic c l.so

side of the knife and so as to bring its slot 38 in line with a formingor curling' slide 39 which reciprocates at right angles to the path of movement of the transfer slide 37 and moves the metal blank to the curling or forming die.l vThe transfer slide is also formed with a vertical slot 40 opening vthrough the bottom edge of the slide into y,said slot 38, for a purpose to be presently set of the drawings.

I will now describe the curling or forming` die into which the metal blank is forced by the curling' or forming slide 39. to be curled to theform shov-.fn in Fig'. 2O of the draw ings. For this purpose the die ,block 32 is .formed with a horizontal cylindrical bore 44 extending at right angles. to the line reciprocatlon of the curling or forming` slide,` and at an intermediate point of this bore is located a cylindrical die bushing 45 held by guide bushings 4G, 47, arranged in said c lindrical bore on opposite sides of the cylin riealV die7 the bushings 46 being held in position by setscrews 48 threaded through the upper portion of said block This cylindrical die bushing,r 45 is open at one edge through a slot .49 substantially tangential to the circumference of the internal c vlindrical wall of the die, as clearly shown in Figi. l0 of the drawings. The arrangement of the die and curling slide is such that when the metal blank is dislodged Vfrom the transfer slide and pushed forward by the curling slide, said blank will be pushed through the slot or opening- 49 by the curline;A slide and Vcurled up against the inner cylindrical surface of the curling die.y the blade 43of the curlingslide entering the said slot 49. so that the entire metal blank is passed intoV the cylindrical bore of the curling die 45. The die block 32 may be recessed adjacent the entranceto the die, as

32a, to receive a guide member 32b bolted to the die block and having horizontal parallel spaced arms 32c upon which the blank slides from the transfer slide to the die when moved bythe lcurling slide blade 43, saidY reciprocating bed 5l, .sliding in guideways 52, on the frame part 3, said mandrel or core being adapted to reciprocate through the sleeve 47 heretofore described. closely fitting' the bore of the same, and havingv at its end a reduced cylindrical core part 53 which. when the mandrel is in one position is located centrally of the cylindrical curling die l5, so that said core part 53 forms a` mandrel or core about which the metal blank is curled in the space between the j .rt 53 and the inner wall of the curlingrdie Il5 when said blank is forced into the curlingdier l5 by the curling` slide 39. At the base of the core part 53 is a shoulder 53 which .serves` a purpose to be presently described.

It will be understood that thc` feeding mechanism. the knife, the transfer slide. curling` slide, and thc mandrel are so timed in their movements that the strip will he presented to the knife: then severed b v the knife, whereupon it will be moved b v the transfer slide into the path of movement ol' the curling' slide and the eurlinpr slide will then force it into the curling die 45 around the core portion 53 of they mandrel. the mandrei-moving` mains havinga dwell for a period sufficientto hold the core-piece 5I. in the die 45 during` the curling of the blanl'. and thel transfer slide havinjr a` dwell loner enough for the curling slide to pass through the same in forcing-j the blank to the die and then return to initial position. .\n v suitable means may be provided for producing the sequence of movements just set forth which means may be varied without departingl from the spirit and scope of m v invention.

l will now proceed to describe one way of operating` the knife to eut the strip. Mounted on the part 3 of the fame is a standard comprising vertical spaced armsl 54 upon which is fulcrumed a rock lever 55 adapted to engage the upper portion of the chisel knife to move the same*downward to engage the strip to cut olf a bushing blank. l preferably provide an adjustable engagement between one end of said lever and the knife, the same comprising;` a thrust bolt 3G threaded through the lever and adapted to engage with its lower endupon the upper end of the knife. so that when the said lever is rocked in one direction. the knife will be, moved down to sever the strip, and when the lever is moved in the opposite direction. the springs l5 will act on the carrier bleek to raisetheknife. Theforward end of the lever is also provided with a stop screw 5T threaded therethrough and adapted to engage the uppersurface of the block 5 to limit downward movement of the lever so that the knife in its downward movement will just meet the block l2, and not cut into the same or be dulled thereby. The lever may be timed by any suitable means so as to descend sul)` sequent to the feeding` of the stri p. and for this purpose a reciprocating plunger 5S slidlll() ing in a vertical guide 59 on the main frame and operated by an eccentric cam 60 on the shaft 31 may be employed.

"llie transfer slide 37', may be reciprocated by a lever lil carried by a horizontal rock shaft G2, and having its free end in engagement with a pin 63, connected to the said slide and projecting laterally therefrom through a slot 641 in the block 5. The shaft ($2 is rocked by an arm G5 connected thereto and engaging a cani groove 66 in the cam disk heretofore described.Y

The curling slide may be operated by a grooved cam 67 mounted `on the shaft 31, and engaging a pin 68 carried by the base piece of `said curling slide, and the mandrel may be operated by a bell-crank lever 69,

fulcrumed on the frame as at 70, and having one of its arms 71 pivotally `engaging the mandrel carrier or bed 51 as at 72, and its other arm 73 provided with a pin 74 en- ;gaging a grooved cam 75 also mounted upon `the shaft 31 to rotate therewith. So far 'the time relation of the partsdescribed, is

as follows: The feedingr mechanism feeds the strip forward a distance sufficient` to supply one bushing blank, whereupon the knife l0 descends, severing the blank from the strip, then the transfer slide 37 moves the severed blank away from the knifeinto the path of movement of the curling slide d3, and the latter then moves forward to` engage the blank and force` the same `into the curling die 115, and around the `corefpiec 53 ofthe mandrel 50. l

The lateral sliding movement of the knife carrier, in the form shown in Fig. 2, is provided so that when the knife descends it may have sullicient lateral play to produce the inclined edge on the rear of the blank cut-n off, and also on the forward edge of the strip of stock. The lateral movement also permits the carrier and knife to move back 1 from the cut blank so asnot to jam or bend the same against the stop face on the block' 32, due to the chisel knifeforcing the strip of stock and the 'cut blank away from each other.

These parts then return to their natural` positions for the cutting and transfer of the ing the blank in the form shown in Fig. 21

into a tapered die bushing 77 in longitudinal alinement with the die l15,' whereby the bushing blank is compressed and `shaped td the form shown in Fig. 22, which is the commovement of the mandrel, the shoulder 53 engages one end of the bushing curled on the fore-part 53, 4so that `the proper force is given the bushing to carry it through the rollers 7 6 and the die 77. After being subjected to the action of the tapered die bushing 77, the bushing is carried on `still farther by the mandrel until it reaches a strip ping chuck78 having spring hookarms 7 9 which catch over the rear end of the completed bushing and holds the latter so that when the mandrel is retracted to its initial position, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and (i, the completed bushing is stripped from the core portion 53 of the mandrel. As soon as the mandrel is returned to its initial position, the feeding mechanism, knife, a

transfer slide and curling slide, repeat the operation heretofore described to again curl the blank about the core portion of the `mandrel, and the latter then forces the curled blank successively through the compressing or forming rollers, and the tapered die to the stripping chuck. n

In the formal of the invention shown in Figs. 14: and 15, the cutting mechanism and the transfer slide, and its operating mechanism may be omitted, because the blanks from which the bushings are to be made,

#are previously cut by other means. In this form of the invention I provide a hopper arranged over the `pair of separated sup-` ports or arms 32C spaced from thebottom ot said hopper, substantially the thickness of the blank, and adapted to support a stack 7 9 of previously cut blanks arranged one above the other in the hopper; and adapted to gravitate one by one onto said support in the path of movement of the curling slide. In `this arrangement, the curling slide 39 reciprocates between the spaced supporting members or arms 329, and removes one blank at a time from the bottoni of the supply stack in the hopper and forces` the blank into` the curling `die for the purpose heretofore described. y

In Figs. 16 and 17, as shown, a further embodiment of the invention in which the transfer slide is dispensed with, and the cut.- ting` member transfers the cut blank from a strip into position to be engaged by the curling slide to be presented to the curling die. `111 this form, a cutting plunger 30 is arranged in the block 32 to reciprocate by, and shear against, the vertical squared end of that portion of the block 5 through which thestrip of stock is fed, said cutting block being urged to retracted position by a spring 81 and moved to shear the metal by the same `means shown in Figs, 1, 2, 3 and 5." In its downward movement, the "cutting blank' moves the cut metal blank down into the upper surface of spaced guide members 32, from which point it is moved by the curling et pleted commercial artieleg In. the forward slide into the curlingl die in, the same .mand

ner as heretofore described` rlhe machine above described is adapted'for manufacturing bushings of yarious sizes within limits, by merely interchanging the die bushings so as to provide one of the diameter to produce a-y bushing ot the desired size, and by the interchange of mandi-els with corepieces corresponding to the bore of the bashing.

It will be understood that, in small bushings whereinthe metal stock is necessarily thin, it willnot be obligatory to provide the inclined edges on the blank betore curling. Y In this'case the shearing means shown in Figs. 1G and 17 may be employed.

What I claim and desire to secure Letters Patent of the United States 1,- The method of forming metallic bushings, which consists in forming a rectangular'metal blank and with the liber or grain of the metal lextending parallel to opposite y sides,rand shaping said blank to cylindrical 1 bushing form with the fiber extending circumferentially of the bushing.v

2. The method of forming metallic bushings, which consists in taking a strip of metal and cutting` said strip entirely across the same to produce a blank having inclined edges and shaping said blank to cylindrical form with said inclined edges facing inwardly and meeting lengthwise of the bushlng.

3. rIhe method of forming metallic bushings, which consists in taking a strip oi metal and cutting entirely across the same toproduce a blank having inclined edges Y `at right angles to said rounded edge and sub# seqne-ntly shaping said blank to cylindrical .form Vwith said inclined edges facing inwardly and meeting lengthwise of the bush* 4. The method of forming metallic bushings, which consists in forming a dat right anglexblank having inclined parallel edges 45 on two of its sides, curling` said blank to form a substantially cylindrical body with said inclined edges adjacent eachother and facing inwardly, and subsequently compressing said body to cylindrical form with said adjacent edges in lengagement with each other along the line extending lengthwise of the bushing.

5. The method of forming metallic bushings which consists in forming a liat right- Aangle blank with the liber or grain of the metal extending parallel to two opposite edges,curling said blank on an axis at rightanglesto saidI two opposite edges to form a substantially cylindrical body with the ber or grain ofthe metal extending circumferentially of the cylinder, and subseruentlycompressing said body to cylindrical iorm with said adjacent edges in engagement with each-other alone the line extending. lengthwise' of the bushing.

G. The method of forming metallic bushings which consists in forming a llat right angle blank having opposite parallel edges on two ot its sides and parallel edges on its other two sides, and with the liber ot thc metal extending parallel to said lirstnamcd edges, curling said blank on an axis at right angles to said lirst-named parallel edges to form a substantially cylindrical body, and subsequently compressing said bodybya suitable operation and then elongating the saine parallel with its axis by drawing or tlowing the metal so that the finished product is ot greater length than the width ol: thc starting blank.

7. rllhe method ot forming metallic bushings which consists in taking a liat right angle blank haring the liber or grain ol the metal extending parallel to one side cdgc of the blank, curling said blank on an axis at right anc'les to said cdgc to ilorm a substantially cyiimlrical body wherein the libcrsl extend circumtcrentially ot said bony, co1npressing said'body by suitable rollers and thereby bringing the edges otl the blank into engagement, Yand then elongating the said body by forcing the same through a suitn able die.

8. The method ot formii'ig metalli(l bu.-llings which consists in taking a flat right angle blank having the liber or grain ot thc metal extending parallel to one sidc cdgc ol' the blank, curling` said blank on an :i 'i at right angles to said edge to loim a substan tially cylindrical body wherein the libcrs extend circnmterentially ol: said body. coniprcssing said body by suitable rollers and thereby bringing the edges oll tbc blank into engagement, and then clongating thc said body by forcing the same through a tapered die.

9. The method ol forming metallic bushings which consists in taking a blank haying opposite parallel edges wherein the liber or grain oi the metal extends parallel to oni` side ot said edges, curling said blank on a mandrel to form a body ot substantially cylindrical form, but in which the edges do not meet, passing said body whilev still on the mandrel through suitable die rollers to make the body more nearly cylindrical. and

FRIEDERICH )wlLlylC ll.

lllitnesses M. E. MCNINCH, C. G. HnYmiUN.

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