US1355445A - Book binding or covering machine - Google Patents

Description

A.. BREDENBERG.

BOOKBINDING 0R COVERING MACHINE. I

APPLICATION FILED AUG.28. 1919.

.0 m o QT m R 1U y 00 m m m 4 1 .wm I 0 M I- v, m u M D m W m. e P R A. BREDENBERG.

BOOKBINDING 0R COVERING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-28, I919.

Patnted Oct. 12,1920.

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IENVEN TOR).

A. BREDENBERG. sooxammus 0R COVERING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-28' I919.

Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

4- SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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BOOKBINDING 0R COVERING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED Aue.2a. 1919.

1 355,445. Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

4 SHEETS-:SHEET 4.

A TTORNEYS V breaking action, and

UNITED STATES PATENT; OFFICE.

ALFRED BREDENBERG, 0F CHAMPLAIN, NEW YORK, SHERIDANIRON WORKS, A CORPORATION OF ASSIGNOR or olvn irnnr 'ro THE NEW roan, AND ONE-HALF TO T.'W.

& C. B. SHERIDAN COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

BOOK BINDING OR COVERING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct, 12, 1920,

Application filed August 28, 1919. Serial No. 320,396.

1 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED BREDENBERG, a citizen of the United States, residing at Champlain, in the county of Clinton and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Book Binding or Covering Machines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing. 7

This invention is novel bookbinding or covering machine, and relates to that class of machine in which the paper or-other cover is glued to the pamphlet or other book, and then shaped around the same, illustrated for example, by ents No. 428,7d1, patented May 27, 1890, No. 476,208, patented May 31, 1892, No. 1,073,32d, patented September 16, 1918, and l lo. 1,248,252, patented November 27, 1917. The invention also includes a novel method of covering books. 7

The present invention hasrto do more particularly with conducting and applying the cover to the book, and shaping the cover about the back edges of the book, and the main object hereof is to afford improved operations and mechanisms for these functions, involving simplicity. and efficiency in structure and action, and convenience and accuracy in practical use and results.

With respect to the cover shaping operation and mechanism, a particularobject is to avoid certain inherent disadvantages in the employment therefor of the usual socalled cover-breaker, consisting of a pair of elongated or plate-like jaws, such as my said four prior patents show. In the use of such breaker reliance is necessarily had upon the use of greatforce, by thrust and pressure, against and along the length of the rear margins of the pamphlet sides. With a 10-inch'book the force that applied has to be distributed along the entire ten inches and each one-tenthinch receives only 1% of the total pressure. This objection is herein overcome by discarding such the shaping pressure at one or more points, for example, at one or two points as herein shown, and causing this concentrated pressure, to travel relatively along the length of the book, that is, progressively, as the cover is squared, or shaped to the book at my prior Pat Y point .of instead of distributing the back and sides.

Specifically this progressive shaping is accomplished by means of one or more pairs of opposed rolling shapers, or shaping rollers, thus also afford mg the smooth progressive action of a roller along the len action, and when include equ valent tions, posses that the shaping gth of the book. Such rolling Isay rolling I intend to progressive shaping ac ses the additional advantage mechanism is capable of adapting itself to uneven thicknesses or other varlatlons occurring along the length of the back of the book. All portions of the length of the book are effectively shaped.

For example,

vious'ly wirepamphlets are frequently prestapled at two or more points,

thus-rendering different parts of the book back of differ ent character. The usual platejaw breaker is unable to accommodate itself to such Variations, andthe'result' is that excessive force or thrust may occur some.

points and inadequate force at other points.

With the pr and a lesser esent invention it is uniform, total force or pressure can be employed, not only because the same is concentrated at one or twoor a few points,

but because, as will be observed, the present cover shaper a oonsiderabl breaker; the contact with the full length thereof, that is for of time corresponding to ten inches conveyer. rolling or equivalent of the book shaping mechanism enables the shaping action to be carried on tually traveling,

while the book is acfor it is the relative motion or progressthat carries the action along the length of the book; and by merely maintaming the shaping mechanismin its place without longitudinal motion, reciprocating or otherwise, the book as in Patent 1,248,252, progressively passes through the effectively sh Patent 47 6,208, Figures 35-37, cover shaping action and the cover is In said brealo aped from end to end.

m mechanism was em' lo ed which overated during,

and irrespective of the travel,

of the book, but this retained the plate jaws and employed the bodily advance of a train of such jaws.

The suggestion of employing may be held in in its advance} whether step by step as in Patent 476,208

or 1,073,324, or continuous,

progressively acting 86 new herein, having been shown in the V Pachter Patent No. 1,033,265, patented July I and all reciprocation avoided. I,

. of Figs.

table or presser plurality or 23, 1912, and still earlier in the rotary disks 7 7 and 8 of the Hull Patent 534,219, patented February 12, 1895; but these structures are not suited to the best modern prac tical work. Further advantages of the novel cover shaping mechanism hereof will appear in the hereinafter following description, or will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

VVith respect to the cover applying 'oper- 21.13101! and mechanism a particular object is to effectively cooperatewith the particular 'cover shaping operation and mechanism herein described. To this end the same members or pressers which ,press'upwardly to apply the cover to the book are maintained in pressing position during the further advance of the book, and serve to firmly press and hold the cover to the back of the book during the operation of ,the cover shaping mechanism; These pressers, therefore, are caused to advance in coordination' with the advance of thebook, for example, by .using an advancing endless train of them as with the back pressing means in Figs. 35 tof37 of'said Patent no. 476,208.

Thep11or patent of Lewis No. 551,776,

patented December 24, 1895, showed a cover adapted to apply and press each cover to the book the book, but, having but a single applier or table, Lewis had to reciprocate'this along the line of book travel to give coordination in itsaction upon the successive books. In the cover, applying mechanism hereof a V series ofpressin'g members are employed, forming an endless train, wherefore a' constant advancing motion in coordination with the book travel is permitted, therefore, retain the advantages of a platen or for lifting the cover flatwise to thebook, including accnracy of registration, while dispensing withthe disadvantages of reciprocation of the same. Glue being applied progressively by a rotating roller as. in said patents, the present invention permits an entire covering machine to, be rendered smooth, progressive and quiet in action,'and free from reciprocatlon, nolse' and wear.

Other and further advanta es ofthe" resent 7 cover applying mechanism, per sgand comthe art.

bined with the shaping mechanism,"will appear in the hereinafter followlng description or will be apparent to those 'To the vantages mentioned the present invent1on consists in the novel book-b1nd1ng or covering method and machine and the novel 43,3-

tures of operation, combination, arrangestructure and ClQtilll hereinafter illustrated, described or claimed.

during the travel of table skilled in attainment of the objects and ad- In the,accompanyingdrawings forming a part hereof, Fig. 1. is a" front side elevation of a bookbinding or covering machine constituting an illustrative embodiment of the principles of the present invention.

'guideways 10 for an appropriate book condirection. "to have advancing. travelas shaft.

13-on the drlve shaft, meshing with veyer, consisting, for train of interconnected book clamps 11, each preferably constructed and arranged, asin my sai'd'prior patent, to hold its book 13 upright with back edge protrudingdownwardly, and to advance around the endless path or orbit which in the present instance is shown horizontal, each book passing from left to right along the' front side of'the machine, around the right end,'leftward at the rear side of the machine, and around'the in Fig. 1 or to the left in Fig. 2, and rear the opposite The clamp train and books are described, from left to right, at the front side of themachine, and for convenience the most advanced end of each book will be termed the forward end and the opposite the stern end of the book. V

The progressively operating mechanisms hereof act during the travel of the books, and'therefore independently of the mode of travel,whet'her continuous, steady, varying or intermittent. I show the following simple gear connections to give a steady advancing travel to the clamp train and books, as in said Patent 1,248,252. What may be termed the main or drive shaft 12 is a powerdriven horizontallongitudinal In Fig. 2 is indicated alarge horizontal bevel gear 14, mounted on an upwardly 'extendingshaft' 1'5, at thetop of which is a large horizontal spider or sprocket 16, which engages, carries drives the clamps and "the'book conveyer where the same passes around'the left end of the machine. r r

lt will be understood that the cover apwell as the book conveyor,

Wlll be accurately applied against the glued back edge of each book as it advances, and thereafter each book will be acted upon by.

the shaping mechanism'to' have the cover properly shaped, as desired. In fact, all of a bevel gear 7 and v example, of an endless I left end. In this specification front will indicate toward the observer are driven from the various mechanisms of the machine will be driven or timed cooperatively from the main shaft, and the conveyer being continuously advanced, each mechanism will be coordinated with the travel of the book. The glue mechanism may be, as in said Patent No. 1,248,252, a progressively acting one consisting of a rotated glue roller, and when the books are bound in the machine by the trim and glue method, the trimming mechanism also may be free from any reciprocating movements, as in said patent. With the present invention the usual reciprocation of the cover applying and shaping mechanisms is also obviated; so that as a whole an extremely quiet and smooth acting machine is afforded, attaining the desiderata hereinbefore mentioned, even at a high rate of outut. p An important portion of the present embodiment of this invention is a system or. train of members which I term pressers 20. Each of these is shown in the form of a platen or bar, and in relation to each other they are the links of an endless chain of pressers, platens or bars, located and mounted properly to cooperate with books advancing in the book conveyer. The

presser train and clamptrain are geared to? travel identically. I

In function the pressers 20 serve, first, as} cover applying platens. Each one receivesf a cover and lifts and presses it against the? glued back of the book. The pressers also cooperate in the cover shaping operation, each one acting as a back presser, pressing, firmly upward against the cover and book during the shaping operation, and cooperating with the shapers to be described in giving a square form to the covered book. It is an important feature, and I believe it to be new, to employ a presser or a series of pressers, which thus serve, first, in applying the cover to the book, and thereafter remain in contact, holding and pressing the cover firmly against the book from the moment of its application to and through the cover shaping mechanism and operation, leaving no opportunity for displacement or detachment of the cover between the time of applying and time of shaping. This double or successive use of the presser, moreover, enables greater compactness in the machine, as the shaping and applying means are brought into close proximity, being practically consolidated into a single mechanism.

Independently of these advantages I believe it new herein to employ non-reciproeating pressers or platens, or an endless train thereof, traveling always forwardly, for applying a succession of covers to a succession or books. Each presser or platen in turn receives the properly centered cover, and rises or swings up, applying and press ing it flatwise to the corresponding book,

giving exact registry both laterally and longitudinally. a

I believe it also new herein to employ a backpresser or bar, or a series of them, adapted to bear upwardly against the cover and book, and to remain in such posit-ion, advancing with the book, through the cover shaping operations of a rolling or other progressively acting cover shaping mechanism.

Referring to the drawings, an endless train of eleven of the described pressers 2c is shown. They are articulated together by pivots or studs 21, so as to travel smoothly around an endless orbit, in this case a vertical orbit, substantially in a plane directly beneath and in alinement with the path or plane of travel of the books.

In order to guide the presser train in cooperation with the advance of thebook con veyer, it is shown as having its pivot studs 21 engaged upon fixed guiding means, comprising straight horizontal opposite guide portions 22 at the top, and curved or semicircular portions 23 at the left, and straight horizontal portions 24 along the bottom. At the right is shown a large vertical sprocket wheel or spider 25, having peripheral re- -cesses to engage the pivot studs121. The sprocket 25 1S shown mounted on a horizontal shaft 26, which extends rearwardly, and is provided with a large gear 27, engaging a gear 28 on a cross shaft 30, which carries a bevel gear 31, engaging a bevel gear 32 on the drive shaft 12.

The drive shaft may make one turn for each cycle, that is, for each book and covered. The cross shaft 30 will make the same. The shaft 26 and sprocket 25 make one turn for six of the drive shaft, advancing six pressers in that time.

The successive covers may be conducted to the applying mechanism from a sheet feeder of any type, such as the well known Cross paper. feeder, which may be placed laterally of the book conveyer, in front of the machine, as generally indicated in my prior Patent No. 1,179,892, patented April 18, 1916. Each cover when separated and conveyed rearwardly to a point beneath the book path may first rest upon a horizontal platform 35, partly shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 6. The cover might here be registered laterally and longitudinally, but is preferably first vcarried to the cover applying mechanism and there registered. The cover lying on the platform 35 has its forward or right edge lying between upper and lower feed rolls 36, 37, one or both of which may be driven. so that when they are brought together upon the cover it will be thrust to the right. For this purpose the lower roll 36 is shown movable upwardly and down- Wardly, being carried on a bell crank lever 38, connected by a long rod 39 With theiree conveyed upper end-of a lever 40, swinging about its lower end andhaving a cam roller .41 hearing against a cam 42 one. cross shaft 45. This being driven to make one rotation per book, and having its periphery properly shaped, causes thelever and rod to swing the bell crank and thereby bring the-feed rollers together at the proper time to feed oil the cover from the platform.

'The cam shaft 45 may be driven in time with the drive shaft 12 through a sprocket upper tapes oOand lower wheel 46' on the cam shaft, connectedby a sprocket chain 47 with a sprocket wheel 48 out-he cross shaft 30 before mentioned.

Each cover fed from the platform 35 is to. be conveyed to the cover applying presser, that is, one of the platens or bars 20, and there properly positioned before being swung upwardly and pressed fiatwise against'the advancing book.

For transferring the successive covers from the platform to'the presser are shown to take each cover coming through the feed rolls and carry itat a predetermined speed and t me advancingly to the right, to where it is deposited on the platen or presser, and

auxiliary cover supporting means.

The feed rolls 86, 37, and the transfer tapes 50, 51, all of which are duplicated at symmetrically opposite points, may be driven in various ways, for example, by a chain or tape actuated from the cross shaft 30. v

-When each cover is thus thrown upon its platenor presser bar, it is centrally or axially supported by the bar, and at the same timeits flaps or wings may be supported by various adjuncts at the sides. For example,

the longitudinal members "58. help support each cover s1de at an intermediate point, and the extreme edges of the cover are shown supported upon the centering devices to be.

' cover toward the book, the centering devices come into play. Each of these devices assists to some extent in" giving support to the lateral sides'or wings of each cover.

The cover registering means comprises devices at both sides of the presser, The same are adapted to advance with the presserso as to determine the cover position and maintain its proper position during the applying -movement.

In fact, preferably;

tapes 51, arranged 7 the advancing movement of the registering means is etlected from or by the pressers themselves. The registering devices move forward with each cover until applied to the book, and then return for action upon the succeeding cover. The" entire mechanism may be supported on opposite upstanding 'swingingarms 60, pivoted at 61 at the lower end. At the top isa head 62. This is provided with adjustingscrews 63 for giving exact right and left adjustment at the top of the carrying arms 60. This entire mechanism is to swing to theright, that is, with each cover to be applied to a book, and then drops back to the normal position shown, a spring 64 pulling the arms backto normal position, and a dashpot 65 servingto break the shock of the return movements to give ease and I quietness. The dashpot is sw'veled, as shown, to permit certain lifting and dropping movements of the registering mechanism. i i

Upstanding from the top side of the heads '62 are a pair of opposite registering hooks or fingers 70, adapted to come up behind and exactly-positron each cover longitudinallyonthe presser. It will be noted that the pressers themselves are free from any projections'or fingers at the top side.

They are flatwithout obstruction; This is of some importance in relation to the subsequent cover shaping operation.

To give the registering head and arms the advancing or rightward movement referred to, engagement may be had with certain portions of the presser bars themselves. Thus, each presserlbar at its rear end has an outstanding projection or stud. This maybe the same stud9l which forms/the pivot or articulation between successive pressers. 'l tl t dl ll .aci OJ ieses uos O an es ias a re er at its ends engaging the gu1des22, 23, 24, and at a point ad acent to each registering head lam-72, the purpose ofwhich is to engage a portion of the registering devices to carry them forward in unison with the advance of the pressers, so that in turn the covers will be properly positioned on the pressers. T his engagement is provided by'reason of an upstanding stud 73 on the registering head, at each side.

The action is substantially that, when each 7 cover isthrown upon the presser, when the parts are in the illustrated position, it is brought in front of the registering fingerson the heads 62, while the stud 73 on each head is engaged by-the pivot stud between the pressers, or rather the squared collar 72 thereof, and caused to advance. Thus the registering devices and the presser all move forwardly together and their actions are coordinated with the travel of the book, so'

"that, as the presser swings up against the book, the cover is brought into exactly reg- -62, each stud has a squared portion or col istered engagement with the glued back.

Each presser, therefore, in a sense, carries its own registerin means, namely, the, rear pivot stud, but the actual registering is done through the head 62 at the top of the carrying arms 60. It will be observed that when the rear pivot stud of each presser arrives at the top of the curved guiding portion, and the presser is thus brought into horizontal position, this completes the application of the cover to the book. It is at this moment pressed completely and firmly against the back of the book. It will be understood that the presser continues this pressing contact and travels along with the book to subsequent operations.

The registering devices, however, including the arms 60, the heads 62, the fingers 70, and the studs 73, are required to move back to cooperate with the next presser and cover. For this purpose an up and down movement is given to the described parts. Thus, a four-motion movement is given to the registering devices.

This preferably effected by providing that the pivot 61 at the lower ends of the arms 60 be movable down and up. In the drawings the carryingarms are shown fulcrumed at 61 to rock levers 7 5, mounted on a rock shaft 76, journaled in depending brackets 77. The rock shaft may thus swing the rock lever down to drop the registering devices bodily after each appllcation of cover. This disengages the stud 73 from the squared collar 72 of the presser pivots. Gravity and the springs 64: restore the parts to the normal position shown. The dashpot prevents impact and shock. The rock shaft and lever will then restore the parts to their normal or raised position in readiness to receive and act upon the next cover.

In order to rock the shaft 7 6 and cause these operations, there is shown keyed to the shaft a cam lever 78, the roller 7 9 of which bears against a cam 80, mounted on the cross shaft or cam shaft 45, previously mentioned. The timing of the cam 80 is such as to give the described operation.

The centering devices come into play while the cover is moving forward with the presser and registering devices. A pair of symmetrically opposite centering members or plates 85 are shown, each having a flat portion that receives the cover, and an upright portion which bears laterally against the edge of the cover. These plates are shown somewhat inclined from the horizontal, because the pressers and cover will be on a slight incline at the time of the centering operation. Otherwise the structure, principles and operation of the centering devices will be practically the same as described in said Patent 1,248.252. Each plate is carried at the top of a laterally swinging -a different form of shaper at the upright arm 86, pivoted within the lower 7 end of a rigid upright frame 87 A spring 88 pulls the arms toward each other, and opposing the spring are a pair of symmetrically arranged wedges or cams 89, adapted to be oscillated in unison to act upon the arms 86 and thrust them symmetrically apart. Both cams 89 are carried by a rock shaft 90, which is automatically rocked at the proper point of time through a cam arm 91 on the shaft 90, and having its stud 92 in engagement with a cam 93 on the cam shaft 45. The contour of the cam 93 is such as to permit the swinging plates to approach into contact with the covers, and thus center them, and retract, while the covers are advancing with the pressers toward engagement with the book.

The book with its applied cover continues the advance,'and with it advances the corresponding presser, holding the cover firmly in contact as the cover becomes fixed to the book by the setting of the adhesive, which may be expedited by heat or otherwise. There has been no time from the moment of application at which the pressure has relaxed. As the advance continues the flaps of the cover will be guided upwardly so as to clear the shaping mechanism when that is reached. Plates or strips are shown for this purpose in my prior Patent No. 1,248,252 and mav be employed herein in the same form.

The pressers, it will have been observed, are all smooth and flat at their top sides without extending part or obstruction, and they are somewhat wider than the book; therefore they form efficient seats for the cover shaping mechanism, which herein 0perates on the covers during the continued joint advance of books and pressers. The pressers thus cooperate with the two opposite shaping devices or members to square the book, and as they all act during the advancing travel of the book, it is unnecessary to bring the book to rest. Thebook conveyer may advance continuously.

The opposite devices or members of the shaping mechanism are preferably alike, both progressively acting, as already stated, although the advantages of the present invention might be partially attained by employing the shaper hereof at one side and other side. The shapers hereof, being progressive in action, do not advance with the book. They travel relatively along, the length of the book, preferably being fixed in position, the shaping occurring by reason of the ad vanoe of the book. I prefer rollers or rotatable disks which roll along the length of the book while the latter is firmly back pressed by its presser, and, while the roller may be driven or rotated in time with the book, it may contrarily be idle, rotated by the book itself, as herein shown. 2

Thus,'I show a 'froiit roller or disk 101,

' and opposite that a rear roller or disk 102.

. ward end of the book, while the second pair commences at an intermediate point, the two pairs working simultaneously. This tends to give smoother shaping action and a better final result. I further prefer that each roller or disk shall be of fairly large diameter, as shown, and I preferably move apart or openeach pair to admit the book, and thenmove them together to engage the book. Preferably all the front rollers or disks move together, and the same with the rear ones. The two front rollers 101, 103, therefore, constitute a cover shaping member, and these two rollers are both mounted'on a single carriage or block 105. So also the rear shaping member consists of the two rollers 102, 104C, mountedon a carriage 105. In .order to permit the inward movements of the shaping members to bring them into engagement with the book, and subsequently when the progressive shaping is completed to withdraw them, they are'shown mounted on fixed guides 107. ltach carriage con sists of its body portion or block which clirectly engages the guide, and an upstanding bearing sleeve 108, within which is journaled by anti-friction bearings the axle 109, which carries at its top end the cover shaping roller or disk 101, 102, 103 or 104:.

V A particular feature hereof of value is the arrangement of slight incline to the axles 109 and the disks This enables the operating peripheries of the disks, which are slightlybeveled or rounded, as shown, to be forced snugly into position contacting on top of the presser and [held firmly in against the sides of the book, so that a nicely squared and shaped product is insured. V

In their progressive roller action along the length of the book, the rolling disks are precluded from any deforming action upon the covers by reason of the fact that the latter are bent, that is, curved, approximately into positionbefore the actual shaping commences. This will be-caused to some extent by the fact of having aplurality of disks at each side. These coming toward each other, bend the cover inwardly substantially along its whole length preliminarily to the actual shaping action. There will be no buckling or wrinkling of the cover. I supplement this inbending action by the use of inbending plates, which for convenience may be attached to the carriages 105, 106,

carriage by a bracket 113. The. inbenders give a practically continuous bending edge, insuring that the cover at both sides is bent approximately to place before the actual shaping or squaring operation commences.

The preferred plan is to withdraw or separate the opposite shaping members, each comprising carriage or support with its two disks, and maintaining them so until the book has been admitted and advanced until the forward end of the book comes even with the first 'or righthand pair of rolls whereupon the shaping members are brought to the book. The first pair of rollers closes upon the book at its extreme forward end, while the second pair engages the book about midway. The advance of the book turns the rolls, which quite easily rotate, due to their ball bearings, and the pro gressive shaping action takes place simultaneously at the two points as soon as the first pair of rolls is opposite the middle of the book, and the second pair-has reached the end of the book, the shaping action is completed and the members may be withdrawn, the book then continuing its forward travel and the succeeding book with unshaped cover coming into active position.

To give the shaping members the in and out movements referred to, the following mechanism may be employed: Onthemain or drive shaft 12 is shown a cam 120.engaged by the roll 121 on the extremity of a cam lever 122, which in turn is mounted on a rock shaft 123, having two upwardly extending rock arms 124 and two downwardly extending rock arms 125. Each of the arms 124: is connected by an adjustable rod 126 to the rear shaping carriage 106, while each of the two lower arms 125 is connected by a similar rod 127 to the front carriage 105. The cam is so timed in relation tothe travel of the book conveyer-thatthe shaping rollers close in against the sides of the book just as the forward end of the book comes between'the first pair of rolls and maintains the rolls in such' position, as the shaping progresses, until their separation in the manner and at the time before specified. By having separate front carriages for the front rollers and separate rear carriages, and separate cam levers 122 operated by two successively acting cams 120, asecond such cam is shown in Fig. 2, the rollers 103, 104. may be made to first close upon the book, giving shaping action for its full length, the rollers 101, 102 coming into play later. It will thus beseen that I have described a bookbinding or covering machine and method of covering books, embodying the principles and attaining the advantages of the present invention. Since many matters of combination, arrangement, sequence of steps, design and detail may be modified without departing from the underlying principles, it is not intended to limit the invention to such matters except as specified in the appended claims.

That is claimed is:

1. The method of covering books, co nprising applying the cover fiat-wise into pressing contact with the book back inthe presence of adhesive, maintaining the cover applying presser in pressing contact against the cover and book, and while the cover remains so pressed progressively shaping it by lateral pressure along the opposite sides.

2. The method of covering books, comprising applying the cover flatwise into pressing contact with the book back in the presence of adhesive, maintaining the cover applying presser in pressing contact against the cover and book, and while the cover remains so pressed progressively shaping it by opposed lateral rolling pressure carried longitudinally relatively along the sides of r the book.

3. The method of covering a traveling book, comprising applying the cover flatwise into pressing contact with the book back in the presence of adhesive, maintaining the cover applying presser in pressing contact against the cover and book by advancing it with the travel of the book, and at a point beyond the applying point shaping the cover by a lateral shaping pressure carried progressively along the length of the book by reason of the travel of the book, and while still pressed by the applying presser.

4. The method of covering a traveling book, comprising applying the cover flatwise into pressing contact with the book back in the presence of adhesive, maintaining the cover applying presser in pressing contact against the cover and book by ad vancing it with the travel of the book, and at a point beyond the applying point bending the cover approximately to place, and thereafter shaping-the cover by a lateral shaping pressure carried progressively along the length of the book by reason of the travel of the book, and while still pressed by the applying presser.

5. The method of shaping a cover to the book to which it has been applied, comprising maintaining a presser in flatwise contact against the cover and book back, and shaping the cover sides by rolling pressure carried progressively along the bool.

6. The method of shaping a cover to the book to which it has been applied, comprising maintaining a presser in flatwise contact against the cover and book back, and

and means for shaping the cover while still pressed by the presser.

8. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, a presser adapted to press the cover and book flatwise at the back, means for feeding a cover to the presserto be there- .by applied to the book, means for advanc mg the presser with the book and cover until the cover is shaped, and means for progressively shaping the cover still pressed by the presser.

9. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, a presser adapted to receive an unattached cover and press it flatwise against the book back, means for feeding a cover to the presser to' be thereby applied to the book, means for advancing the presser with the book and cover until the cover is shaped, and means for shaping the cover at a place farther along in the travel of the book but while still pressed by the presser.

10. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, an endless series of traveling pressers mounted opposite the book path in position for each presser to'receive an unattached cover as it comes to the book and to carry the cover fiatwise to the book, means for feedingcovers successively to the pressers to be thereby applied to the books, and means for shaping each "cover to its book while still pressed byits presser.

11. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, a platform beneath the conveyer to which covers may be singly fed from the side, a presser located farther along in ad Vance of the books and adapted to press a cover against the book, and means for feeding a cover from the platform to the presser.

12. In a bookbinding or covering machine I a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, an endless series of traveling pressers arranged to receive successive unattached covers and to carry them flatwise to the books, and means to feed successive covers to the pressers.

13. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, an endless series of traveling pressers arranged to receive successive unattached covers and to carry them flatwise to a conveyer for advancing covered, an advancing presser moving the book during shaping and bearing the books, means to feed successive covers to the pressers, and means to positlon each cover on its presser before application to V the book.

1%. In a bookbinding or covering machine aconveyer for advancing the books to be covered, an endless series oftraveling pressers arranged to carry covers flatwise to the books, means to feed successive covers to the pressers, and means to position each cover on its presser before application to the book, comprising a device advancing with each presser and cover andreturning to act with the next presser and cover.

- In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer. for advancing the books to be with wise against the cover, and a progressive shaper relative to Which the presser and book advance during shaping.

16. In a bookbinding or covering machine the books to be covered, a series of advancing presser bars arranged to press the backs of the advancing books, and a rollingshaping means acting on the covers 'While advancing with the books and'pressers.

17. In a b'ookbindingor'covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, means laterally movable at the opposite sides for bending the covers approxilnately to shape, and opposite rollers to shape the covers tothe books.

18. ln a bookbinding or covering machine, a conveyer for advancing the books to 20. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be covered, opposite cover shaping members, each comprising a support and a plurallty of shaping rollers, and means for moving said shaping members apart and together.

21. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the books to be cov ered, opposite cover shaping members, each comprising a support and a plurality of shaping rollers, and means "for moving said shaping members apart and together, timed to separate the members to admit each book, and to move them toward each other When the book is between all the rollers.

22. In a bookbinding or covering machine a conveyer for advancing the booksto be covered, opposite cover shaping members, each comprising a support and a plurality of shaping rollers, a back pressing means hearing against and traveling With the books during shaping, and means for moving said shaping members apart and together.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature hereto ALF ED BREDENBERG.

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