US1354640A - Coated nitrocellulose powder and process of making the same - Google Patents

Coated nitrocellulose powder and process of making the same Download PDF

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US1354640A
US1354640A US360194A US36019420A US1354640A US 1354640 A US1354640 A US 1354640A US 360194 A US360194 A US 360194A US 36019420 A US36019420 A US 36019420A US 1354640 A US1354640 A US 1354640A
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powder
nitrocellulose
grains
dinitrotoluene
black
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US360194A
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Jr Richard G Woodbridge
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
    • C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
    • C06B45/24—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound the compound being an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
    • C06B45/26—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound the compound being an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the compound being a nitrated toluene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0083—Treatment of solid structures, e.g. for coating or impregnating with a modifier

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a propellent powder suitable for small arms and ordnance, and it comprises firstly, as a new article of manufacture, nitrocellulose powder grains having a firmly adherent coating of a material comprising an inorganic nitrate, and particularly an easily ignitible propellant, and, secondly, a process of producing the new propellent powder.
  • the obj ct of my invention is to provide a nitrocell lose powder characterized by a marked improvement in ballistic qualities, and especially in the ease and uniformity of ignition.
  • a powder having the above-mentioned desirable qualities can be produced by applying to the nitrocellulose grains, by means of certain binding agents, an inorganic nitrate or an easily ignitible inorganic explosive containing, for example, barium, or potassium, nitrate, and particularly black powder, which contains charcoal and sulfur in addition to potassium nitrate.
  • the substances that I have found most valuable as binding agents are those which are non-volatile solvents for nitrocellulose, that is, substances which are capable, especially in their liquid state, of colloiding with the nitrocellulose of the powder grains to be treated.
  • a large number of substances are suitable for this purpose, but the class of substances which I prefer are the nitrobenzenoid hydrocarbons, and especially those which are themselves explosives, such as 'dinitrotoluene.
  • tion may be applied according to my inventron may be made according to any of the known processes of manufacture and may be of dlfierent sizes and shapes, such as are obtalned by pressing colloided nitrocellulose composition through dies, with or without pins to give perforations, into strings, and then granulating the strings; or as may be made by rolling the colloided nitrocellulose composition into sheets and granulating'.
  • the nitrocellulose powder grains used may be of the so-called bulk type, which are usually made by a process of manufacture.
  • nitrocellulose powder in which grains of nitrocellulose composithe nitrocellulose is formed into grains by being agitated in water with a suitable solvent.
  • the nitrocellulose powder may be any kind of a mixture of grains obtained by sub-dividing nitrocellulose powder grains by any of several processes of grinding or sub-dividing.
  • nitrocellulose vpowder grains to which my invention is applicable can be made for example from a mixture of nitrocellulose solublein ether-alcohol (2 parts ether by weight to 1 part alcohol) with nitrocellulose relatively insoluble in ether-alcohol, or may be made from soluble nitrocellulose alone, and may contain, uniformly distributed therethrough, a stabilizer such as diphenylamin, inorganic nitrates, graphite, powdered metals, nitro -compounds, deterrent materials, etc., in varying amounts.
  • a stabilizer such as diphenylamin, inorganic nitrates, graphite, powdered metals, nitro -compounds, deterrent materials, etc.
  • My invention is described more in detail as follows 100 parts by weight of nitrocellulose powder grams are mixed in a revolving drum tion are subjected to a partial hardening treatment by means of a solvent mixture, or
  • a nonvolatile solvent for nitrocellulose such as dinitrotoluene
  • the dinitrotoluene which functions as a deterrent as well as a binding agent, may be any one 'of several isomers, or a mixture of the same obtained by the direct nitration of toluene, but I prefer to use pure dinitrotoluene, i. 6., 1-2-4 dinitrotoluene.
  • the black powder is added.
  • Heat is applied in any suitable manner tothe outside of the drum or to the jacket of the' usually suflicient, depending on the purity of the dinitrotoluene.
  • the dinitrotoluene melts and, being a solvent for nitrocellulose, it colloids with the nitrocellulose on the surface of the powder grains and impregnates the same to a substantial distance, while the black powder composition is in part firmly cemented to the surface of the powder grains, forming an exterior coating, and is also in part at the same time, and to a considerable extent, carried into the pores of the nitrocellulose colloid.
  • the black powder composition is so firmly attached to the smokeless powder grains that it is essentially an integral part of the powder and cannot be completely removed without destroying the powder grains.
  • dinitrotoluene may use asnon-volatile solvents for nitrocellulose, other aromatic nitrohydrocarbons, and especially those which are deterrents, such as mononitronapthalene, or aromatic amids such as phenylacetanilid, dimethyldiphenylurea, etc., but in case of a non-volatile solvent such as dimethyldiphenylurea with a relatively high melting point of 120 to 121 0., when pure, I prefer to add to this 25% or more of dinitrotoluene in order to obtain a mixture with a melting point considerably below 100 C.
  • nonvolatile solvent for nitrocellulose as a binding agent for the black powder composition in the manner above described, I have found that other binding agents such as diphenylamin, rosin, etc., may be used, which, while not solvents for nitrocellulose can be melted at a temperature which has no injurious effect on the stability of the powder.
  • diphenylamin and rosin are not solvents for nitrocellulose and do not impregnate the surface of the powder grains in the same manner as dinitrotoluene and other solvents for nitrocellulose, they'are to a cer tain extent carried into the pores of the powder grains and thereby serve as a fairly satisfactory binding agent to bind the black powder composition to the surface of the nitrocellulose grains.
  • Both diphenylamin and rosin are stronger deterrents than dinitrotoluene so that a given quantity of either of the former will have more effect on the ballistics of the powder than a larger quantity of the latter.
  • the black powder which I prefer to use is the kind generally used for black sporting powder and has approximately the following composition: 7 4.0% saltpeter, 10.4% sulfur, 15.6% charcoal.
  • nitrocellulose powder grains with an easily ignitible inorganic explosive which comprises applying the latter to said grains in the presence of a non-volatile binding agent melt-able at a temperature which has no injurious effect on the stability of the powder, while heating the above mentioned materials to a temperature slightly above the melting point of the binding agent.
  • nitrocellulose powder grains with black powder which comprises applying the latter to said grains in the presence of a non-volatile binding agent meltable at a temperature which has no injurious eifect on the stability of the powder, while heating the above mentioned materials to a temperature slightly above the melting point of the binding agent.
  • nitrocellulose powder grains with a black powder composition which comprises heating a mixture of said powder grains, said black powder composition, and a non-volatile solvent for nitrocellulose at a temperature suflicient to melt said non-volatile solvent and to cause the same to colloid with the nitrocellulose of the powder grains.
  • nitrocellulose I powder grains with potassium nitrate which comprises he ating a mixture of said powder grains, said Inorganic nitrate, and a binding agent at a temperature sufiicient to melt or soften said binding agent.
  • a propellent powder having a firmly trocellulose powder grains adherent comprising ni- 11.
  • a propellent powder having a firmly trocellulose powder grains adherent comprising of an easily'ignitible in-' organic explosive.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a firmly adherent coating of an easily ignitible propellant comprisingfpotassium nitrate.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a firmly adherent coating of black powder.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an easily ignitible propellant held to said grains by a non-volatlle lnnding agent meltable at a temperature that has no injurious effect 'on the stability of the powder.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an easily ignitible propellant held to said grains by a non-volatile binding agent meltable at a temperature that has no injurious effect on the stability of the powder, and capable, when melted, of dissolving nitrocellulose.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an easily ignitible inorganic explosive held to said grains by a non-volatile nitrocellulose-sol- .Vent which is itself an explosive.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an inorganic nitrate held to said grains by dinitrotoluene.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a coating of black powderheld to the surface of the grains by an aromatic intro-hydrocarbon capable of colloiding with nitrocellulose.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a coating of black powder held to the surface of the grains by a nitrobenzenoid hydrocarbon;
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having black powder firmly attached to the surface of said grains by a dinitro-benzenoid hydrocarbon.
  • propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a substance comprising potassium nitrate firmly attached to the surface of said grains by a dinitro-benzenoid hydrocarbon.
  • a propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder gralns having a substance comprising potassium nitrate firmly attached to the surface of said grains by a dinitrotoluene.
  • a nonvolatile solvent for nitrocellulose held to the surface of said grains by a nonvolatile solvent for nitrocellulose.
  • a propellent powder comprising 100 parts of nitrocellulose powder grains and from about 1 to 10 parts of black powder surface of said grains by subdilheld to the surface of said grains by about 2 parts of a, non-volatile solvent for nitrocellulose.
  • a propellent powder comprising 100 parts of nitrocellulose powder grains and from aboutl to 10 parts of black powder held to the vsurface of said grains by about 2 parts of dinitrotoluene.
  • a prop'ellent powder comprising 100 parts of nitrocellulose from about 1 to 10 parts of black powder held to the surface of said grains by a deterrent material which is capable of co'l10iding with nitrocellulose.

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
RICHARD G. WOODBRIDGE, JR, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, ASSIGNOR TO E. I. nu
PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY, 0F OF DELAWARE.
WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A. CORPORATION COATED NITROCELLULOSE POWDER AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern: v
Be it known that I, RICHARD G. W001)- nnnion, J12, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Wilmington, in the county of New Castleand State of Delaware, have invented a certain new and useful Coated Nitrocellulose Powder and Process of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to a propellent powder suitable for small arms and ordnance, and it comprises firstly, as a new article of manufacture, nitrocellulose powder grains having a firmly adherent coating of a material comprising an inorganic nitrate, and particularly an easily ignitible propellant, and, secondly, a process of producing the new propellent powder.
Considerable variation not infrequently occurs in the ballistics of apparently similar charges of smokeless powder. The most important of the factors responsible for this defect appears to be a lack of uniformity in ignition.
The obj ct of my invention is to provide a nitrocell lose powder characterized by a marked improvement in ballistic qualities, and especially in the ease and uniformity of ignition. I have discovered that a powder having the above-mentioned desirable qualities can be produced by applying to the nitrocellulose grains, by means of certain binding agents, an inorganic nitrate or an easily ignitible inorganic explosive containing, for example, barium, or potassium, nitrate, and particularly black powder, which contains charcoal and sulfur in addition to potassium nitrate.
The substances that I have found most valuable as binding agents are those which are non-volatile solvents for nitrocellulose, that is, substances which are capable, especially in their liquid state, of colloiding with the nitrocellulose of the powder grains to be treated. A large number of substances are suitable for this purpose, but the class of substances which I prefer are the nitrobenzenoid hydrocarbons, and especially those which are themselves explosives, such as 'dinitrotoluene.
The nitrocellulose powder grains to which a coating of the above-described composi- Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 5, 1920.
Application filerl February 20, 1920. Serial No. 360,194.
tion may be applied according to my inventron may be made according to any of the known processes of manufacture and may be of dlfierent sizes and shapes, such as are obtalned by pressing colloided nitrocellulose composition through dies, with or without pins to give perforations, into strings, and then granulating the strings; or as may be made by rolling the colloided nitrocellulose composition into sheets and granulating'. Or the nitrocellulose powder grains used may be of the so-called bulk type, which are usually made by a process of manufacture.
in which grains of nitrocellulose composithe nitrocellulose is formed into grains by being agitated in water with a suitable solvent. Or the nitrocellulose powder may be any kind of a mixture of grains obtained by sub-dividing nitrocellulose powder grains by any of several processes of grinding or sub-dividing.
The nitrocellulose vpowder grains to which my invention is applicable can be made for example from a mixture of nitrocellulose solublein ether-alcohol (2 parts ether by weight to 1 part alcohol) with nitrocellulose relatively insoluble in ether-alcohol, or may be made from soluble nitrocellulose alone, and may contain, uniformly distributed therethrough, a stabilizer such as diphenylamin, inorganic nitrates, graphite, powdered metals, nitro -compounds, deterrent materials, etc., in varying amounts.
My invention is described more in detail as follows 100 parts by weight of nitrocellulose powder grams are mixed in a revolving drum tion are subjected to a partial hardening treatment by means of a solvent mixture, or
first with about 2 parts of a nonvolatile solvent for nitrocellulose, such as dinitrotoluene, and then with from about 1 to 10 parts of afinely pulverized black powder composition. The dinitrotoluene, which functions as a deterrent as well as a binding agent, may be any one 'of several isomers, or a mixture of the same obtained by the direct nitration of toluene, but I prefer to use pure dinitrotoluene, i. 6., 1-2-4 dinitrotoluene. After the dinitrotoluene and nitrocellulose powder grains have been thoroughly mixed, '5. e., in from 5 to 10 minutes, the black powder is added. Heat is applied in any suitable manner tothe outside of the drum or to the jacket of the' usually suflicient, depending on the purity of the dinitrotoluene. At a temperature of about C. the dinitrotoluene melts and, being a solvent for nitrocellulose, it colloids with the nitrocellulose on the surface of the powder grains and impregnates the same to a substantial distance, while the black powder composition is in part firmly cemented to the surface of the powder grains, forming an exterior coating, and is also in part at the same time, and to a considerable extent, carried into the pores of the nitrocellulose colloid. In this manner the black powder composition is so firmly attached to the smokeless powder grains that it is essentially an integral part of the powder and cannot be completely removed without destroying the powder grains.
Ido not limit myself to the use for every 100 parts of nitrocellulose powder grains of about two parts dinitrotoluene and from about 1 to 10 parts of black powder composition, as it is evident that the amount of black powder and dinitrotoluene would necessarily be varied according to the ballistics desired. In place of dinitrotoluene I may use asnon-volatile solvents for nitrocellulose, other aromatic nitrohydrocarbons, and especially those which are deterrents, such as mononitronapthalene, or aromatic amids such as phenylacetanilid, dimethyldiphenylurea, etc., but in case of a non-volatile solvent such as dimethyldiphenylurea with a relatively high melting point of 120 to 121 0., when pure, I prefer to add to this 25% or more of dinitrotoluene in order to obtain a mixture with a melting point considerably below 100 C.
Furthermore, while I prefer to use a nonvolatile solvent for nitrocellulose as a binding agent for the black powder composition in the manner above described, I have found that other binding agents such as diphenylamin, rosin, etc., may be used, which, while not solvents for nitrocellulose can be melted at a temperature which has no injurious effect on the stability of the powder. While diphenylamin and rosin are not solvents for nitrocellulose and do not impregnate the surface of the powder grains in the same manner as dinitrotoluene and other solvents for nitrocellulose, they'are to a cer tain extent carried into the pores of the powder grains and thereby serve as a fairly satisfactory binding agent to bind the black powder composition to the surface of the nitrocellulose grains. Both diphenylamin and rosin are stronger deterrents than dinitrotoluene so that a given quantity of either of the former will have more effect on the ballistics of the powder than a larger quantity of the latter.
' The black powder which I prefer to use is the kind generally used for black sporting powder and has approximately the following composition: 7 4.0% saltpeter, 10.4% sulfur, 15.6% charcoal.
However, I do not limit myself to any particular composition or degree of granulation of black powder as it is evident that I would use that composition which by test gives the best results, and likewise that granulation which by tests is found most suitable for the particular purposes desired. In general, I prefer to use black powder meal. Also, I do not limit myself to the use of black powder or to the use of black powder containing saltpeter since I have found that many nitrate mixtures, such as a mixture of barium and potassium nitrates, and many nitrates alone such as gotassium nitrate, can be applied to the powder grains by my process so as to give improved ballistic qualities'to the powder grains, as indicated by easier and more uniform ignition and by cleaner burning of the powder.
I claim:
1. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with an easily ignitible inorganic explosive which comprises applying the latter to said grains in the presence of a non-volatile binding agent melt-able at a temperature which has no injurious effect on the stability of the powder, while heating the above mentioned materials to a temperature slightly above the melting point of the binding agent.
2. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with an'easily ignitible inorganic explosive comprising a metal nitrate which comprises applying the latter to said grains in the presence of a non-volatile binding agent meltable at a temperature which has no injurious effect on the stability of the powder, while heating the above mentioned materials to a temperature slightly above the melting point of the binding agent.
3. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with black powder which comprises applying the latter to said grains in the presence of a non-volatile binding agent meltable at a temperature which has no injurious eifect on the stability of the powder, while heating the above mentioned materials to a temperature slightly above the melting point of the binding agent.
l. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with a black powder composition which comprises heating a mixture of said powder grains, said black powder composition, and a non-volatile solvent for nitrocellulose at a temperature suflicient to melt said non-volatile solvent and to cause the same to colloid with the nitrocellulose of the powder grains.
5. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with blackpowder composition by heating a mixture of said powder grains, black powder composition and dinitrotoluene-at a temperature sufficient to melt said dinitrotoluene and to cause the same to colloid with thenitocellulose of the powder grains.
6. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with black powder composition by heating a mixture of said powder grains, black powder composition and substantially pure 1-2-4 dinitrotoluene at a temperature sufficient to melt said 1-2-4 dinitrotoluene and to cause the same to colloid with the nitrocellulose of the powder grains.
7. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with black powder composition by heating a mixture of said powder grains, black powder composition and a deterrent material, which is a non-volatile solvent for nitrocellulose, at a temperature "sufiicientto melt said deterrent material and to cause the same to colloid with the nitrocellulose of the powder grains.
8. The process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with black powder composition by heating a mixture of said powder grains, black powder composition and a binding agent at a temperature suflicient to melt or soften said binding agent.
9. lhe process of coating nitrocellulose powder grains with an inorganic nitrate which comprises heating a mixture of said powder grains, said inorganic nitrate, and a binding agent at a to melt or soften said binding agent.
10. The process of coating nitrocellulose I powder grains with potassium nitrate which comprises he ating a mixture of said powder grains, said Inorganic nitrate, and a binding agent at a temperature sufiicient to melt or soften said binding agent.
comprising ni- 11. A propellent powder having a firmly trocellulose powder grains adherent poating of an easily'ignitible in-' organic explosive.
12. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a firmly adherent coating of an easily ignitible propellant comprisingfpotassium nitrate.
13. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a firmly adherent coating of black powder.
14. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an easily ignitible propellant held to said grains by a non-volatlle lnnding agent meltable at a temperature that has no injurious effect 'on the stability of the powder.
temperature sufiicient' 15. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an easily ignitible propellant held to said grains by a non-volatile binding agent meltable at a temperature that has no injurious effect on the stability of the powder, and capable, when melted, of dissolving nitrocellulose.
16. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an easily ignitible inorganic explosive held to said grains by a non-volatile nitrocellulose-sol- .Vent which is itself an explosive.
cellulose powder grains andan inorganic nitrate held to said grains by a deterrent material which is a solvent for nitrocellulose.
20. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains and an inorganic nitrate held to said grains by dinitrotoluene. 21. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a coating of black powderheld to the surface of the grains by an aromatic intro-hydrocarbon capable of colloiding with nitrocellulose.
22. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a coating of black powder held to the surface of the grains by a nitrobenzenoid hydrocarbon;
23. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having black powder firmly attached to the surface of said grains by a dinitro-benzenoid hydrocarbon.
24:. propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder grains having a substance comprising potassium nitrate firmly attached to the surface of said grains by a dinitro-benzenoid hydrocarbon. i
25. A propellent powder comprising nitrocellulose powder gralns having a substance comprising potassium nitrate firmly attached to the surface of said grains by a dinitrotoluene.
held to the surface of said grains by a nonvolatile solvent for nitrocellulose.
28. A propellent powder comprising 100 parts of nitrocellulose powder grains and from about 1 to 10 parts of black powder surface of said grains by subdilheld to the surface of said grains by about 2 parts of a, non-volatile solvent for nitrocellulose.
29. A propellent powder comprising 100 parts of nitrocellulose powder grains and from aboutl to 10 parts of black powder held to the vsurface of said grains by about 2 parts of dinitrotoluene.
30. A prop'ellent powder comprising 100 parts of nitrocellulose from about 1 to 10 parts of black powder held to the surface of said grains by a deterrent material which is capable of co'l10iding with nitrocellulose.
4 in testimony whereof I affix my si nature. 15
RICHARD e. woonemneh, JR.
powder grains and 10
US360194A 1920-02-20 1920-02-20 Coated nitrocellulose powder and process of making the same Expired - Lifetime US1354640A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771035A (en) * 1953-03-05 1956-11-20 Olin Mathieson Propellant
US5610365A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-03-11 Rheinmetall Industrie Gmbh Cartridge ammunition having a case, an arrow projectile and an igniter-coated propellant
US5650589A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-07-22 Rheinmetall Industrie Gmbh Cartridge ammunition having a case and an arrow projectile
US11326434B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2022-05-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for enhancing hydrocarbon production from subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellant

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771035A (en) * 1953-03-05 1956-11-20 Olin Mathieson Propellant
US5610365A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-03-11 Rheinmetall Industrie Gmbh Cartridge ammunition having a case, an arrow projectile and an igniter-coated propellant
US5650589A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-07-22 Rheinmetall Industrie Gmbh Cartridge ammunition having a case and an arrow projectile
US11326434B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2022-05-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for enhancing hydrocarbon production from subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellant
US11692424B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2023-07-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fluid injection treatments in subterranean formations stimulated using propellants

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