US1353542A - Multiple-expansion internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

H. I. SCHARNAGEL.

MULTIPLE EXPANSION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED IIov I917.

1 35 541 2 Patented Sept. 21, 119200 55 it 5 III 8 f 10 QIIII C IIIII im j I II I Q I I f I III]! 59 7 7 5 6 6 r"; I I I 8 56 fjtion eng'nes; especially to multiple expan- .s1on oil engines.

HERMAN" J. YSCHIALBN'AGEL, or 'roivrrkrrrsvinnn; nn'w; vonx," Assien SPERRYQOFJBROOKLYN NEW YORK.

' Be it known that I, HnRMAn SoHAn- NAGEL a citizen of the United States of Amer ica, residing at 85-Hannah street,,Tompkinsville, in the county'of Richmond and State of-New Yorkphave invented "certain new and useful Improvements in Multiple-E2;-

pansion Internal-Combustion Engines, of

which the following is a' specification.

This invention relates to internal combus-v One of the principal objects of the inven-' I tion is to improve upon the valves used in such enginesfor the admission of air to the high pressure cylinder-rand, for the transfer of the gases fronf-the high to the l w;

pressure cylinder after the completion. of the orking stroke of the piston in the high pressure cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for the effectual cooling of'the transfer valve; and to accomplish this with the use ofthe intake air for the high pres-' sure cylinder.

- preventing the pressure-of the gases entering the low pressure cylinder from one high pressure cylinder, from forcing open the valve between the low pressure cylinder and the second high pressure cylinder, if em.-

. ployed. 'A'further specific object is to detheupper part of an engine embodying my Fig. 2.

operating the valves.

invention. v 'Fig. .2.is: a sectional elevatlon of the combined inlet and transfer valve. I

Fig; 3 1s a section taken oniline 33 of Fig. 'jsaside elevation of levers for I Fig. 5 isadetail showing the cams for ac:

tuatingv the said levers. Fig. 6

A further object is to providemeans for.

1s a modification showing means MULTIrLEmxP NsIoN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION 'nne'mn.

28,- 1517. swam; 204,349..

Specification of Letters Patent.-

Sept, 21L

for keeping the air valve normally closed. a V

I In the drawings, '1 and 2 represent high pressure cylinders, while 3 representsa low on T0 ELMER Ai pressui'e' cylinder; the low pressure piston being shown at 4. Passages 5 leading from the high pressure cylinders'are provided to afiordco :nunication' through ports 6 from said highipressurecylindersto the low pres sure cylinder. The said passage. preferably forms a continuation of the clearance space -5 in the high pressure cylinder by extendingthe' clearance space laterally to overlie ithe low. ressure cylinder as shown.

Two valvecasings8 are shown,,sec1i1ted by;

bolts- 9 the top or cylinder headlioitht.

'e1fg'ine.g The said valve casings are prefere ably immediately above-the low pressure cylinder and adjacent the inner 'endof the aforesaid passages 5. The parts within each. of these casings are thesame, so that a de- 1 scription of one will'suflice for both. ;The preferred details are shown inFig. 2. The structure 'compri'ses a common transfer and intake valve mechanism or two pa'rtvalve,- which for'convenience will, be treated as two .'-'sep'arate valves, the" transfer valve 7 and the intake valve 19...

Valve 7 is shown below the valve casing 8, with a stem portion or. shank- 11 reaching into said casing. A stem 11 fa'stened to said shank continues up through the top of the casing." Valve 19 is shown as {a sleeve mounted over-the shank ll' and seating at 25 on the'flaring or flanged portion 26 of valve '7... Grooves or passages 24 are ,shown v in the shank'11"'adjacent the sleeve or valve l .19.- Theupper part 62 of sleeve 19 is preferablvlarger. than the lower part and has therein a balancing piston 61 fixedonthe shank 11' of'valve Q The functionof valve 19 is to admit air to the high-pressure cylinder, whi'le valve ,-7 is to permit the gases in th'elhigh pressure cylinder after the completion o'fthe working fstroke of the piston. (not shown) therein,

toenter the lowpressure cylinder. ,xValve 1 7 closes port 6, and is normally held in such position by a spring 16 engagingmember 17 fixed to the top 18 of casing 8 anda collar 15 lockedon the stem 11 of valve 7.

A top portion" 12 is shown fixed to stem,

of Elmer A. Sperry, the intake air is pre- I Said compressed air. or other iown as having a roller 32 to en a cam 35 on the cam shaft 3-tl of the engine. The cam shaft is designed to be rotated by the engine crank shaft through anysuitable gearing (not shown). 33" is designed to rock lever 35 to effect the opoi'iing of valve 7.

Valve 19 held normally closed by springs 27 pr ing at one end against the top 18 of the valve casing. and at the other against a shoulder or collar 28 on said valve. A lever pivoted at 30 (see also Fig. 41) is bifurcated at one end 31.. This end may reach into the valve casing and engage shoulder 28 as shown in Figs. 2 and t. The other end of the lever is shown as having a roller 32 engaging a cam 33 on cam shaft 31%. The rocking of lWOl' 29 effects the opening of valve 19.

According to the aforesaid application.

compressed. intake air, may be admitted through a channel 20 into a chamber 21 in the valve casing. It then passes through openings 22 in valve 19. then down through passages or grooves 23 therein, and also down through passages or grooves 21 in valve 7 (See Fig. 3). 7 19 at 25 the air is forced through passage 5 into the high pressure cylinder.

The channels 23 and grooves 24: are so arranged as to expose a sufficient surface of valves 7 and 19 to the incoming an. to effect the proper cooling of these valvestthe ob ject being to cool the valves sufficiently to insure the proper working and preservatlou of these parts, and 'yet not enough to macylinder.

' terially reduce the temperature of the gases passing from the high to the low pressure The valves in addition are of course made preferably of heat resisting material. only is the transfer valve effectively cooled but that the heat which is abstracted therefrom is not wasted but taken up by the intake air and hence wholly conserved. The particular construction of the valves adopted lends itself well to the rapid transfer of heat from the exposed surface of the transfer valve 7 to more shielded parts of the valve,.\vhere the heat is rapidly and effectively, dissipated. A valve stem 11' of substantial cross section is employed which serves to rapidly conduct the heat away from the exposed surface of the valve. Moreover, the valvestem is ch'anneledor fluted by grooves 24 thereby not only increasing its radiating surface but also furnishing channels for the passage of the com- .n flanges 13 and 14' Cam Upon the opening of valve It should also be noted that not pressed intake air. channels. which are preferably spiraled around the storm as indicated in Fig. 3, over the top of the valve 7 proper and into the combustion cylinder.

This air flows down the It will be noted that the lifting of valve I means, responsive to the opening of valve 19 for applying the downward pressure of springs 27 to said valve 7 in another manner. For this purpose I have shown the fulcrum 30 of lever 29 asbeing pinned to a link 59 suspemled at 60 from bell crank lever W'hen cam 33 rocks lever 29 on floating fulcrum 30 to open valve 19, a force will be applied to lever 35 through link 59 causing said lever to bear down on stem 11 of valve 7. Another link (31 pivoted to link 59 at 62 and to bracket 37 at 63 may serve to hold lever 29 against longitudinal movement. The system, furthermore, is so designed that when one of valves 7 is open, and during the entire period in which the products of combustion entering therethrough are at work in the low pressure cylinder, the valve 7 of the opposite cylinder is subject to a maximum pressure from springs 27, since valve 19 is also closed during this period.

In the drawings I have shown a four cycle engine. Taking high pressure cylinder 1 for instance; presuming the cylinder to be in the exhausted state and the piston therein (not shown) nearing the limit of its down stroke. Gam 33 is designed at this moment to tilt lever 29 and open valve 19,-permitting the air which is under initial compression in chamber '21-to fill the said cylinder. The "valve then closesas the piston starts on its up stroke, and the air in the cylinder becomes further compressed to a very high degree. At the end of the up-stroke, the

opening fuel is admitted through valve .39 and becomes ignited whereupon the piston is then forced down. At the end of this down stroke sure cylinders from forcingopen the valve 7 between the low pressure cylinder and the .120 cam 33 is designed to rock lever 35, openv T sides of the valve.

eaaeee 1 other high pressure cylinder, I have shown a passage 40 through valve 7 to chamber 41'. The, gas entering at the opposite valve will thusrpass into chamber 41- and produce a downward pressure on the balancing piston 61 of the valve, substantially equal to the upward pressure. Thus, beside subjecting the valve 7 which is closed to the maximum spring-pressure during the working stroke of the low pressure cylinder, means are pro-' vided fer equalizing the gas pressure on both In Fig, (SI-have shown a slight modification'in-the air inlet valve' In this figure the air valve'is'shown at'19 and is provided with a balancing piston in the fornr of a -flange 42 extending to, the walls 43 of the valve casing 8. The purpose of this piston is to present to' the compressed air circulated through the valve, a greater surface exposure for downward than for'upward pressure. Thus, instead of the air under high pressure tending to. force its way through the valve when'closed-into the high pressure cylinder,-it will hold the valve more tightly closed. small air channel 44: maybe provided to allow any air -which may force its way under piston 42 to escape. suchza pistgn may be used'to supplement or replace entirely springs 27 for holding the valves closed. Y

The lubrication of the various parts of the valve may 'be effected .by forcing oil into the valve casing at 45. Passing'through channel 4= 6, it-- will run down-the inside of the valve casing into a groove 17 to lubri:

cate the bearing surfaces 48. {The oil seep- I ing through bearing 48 will suflic'e .to. lubricate bearing ,49j-an'd also the rubbing sur bearing 52 As shown at 58in Fig; 3, grooves 24 extending downjthe side of valve *7 may be slightly spiral, so that the, rib or fins 6O will engage a greater surface on valve 19 when the latteris opened and closed, and thus reduce the tendency .toward the wear.- ing of furrows in said valve 19.

While my invention is illustrated in connection with 'a compound engine, it maybe used also in simple engines, in which case valve 7 would serve'as the exhaust valve. When so used, the means'provided for balancing the valve by admitting the gases to the rear .thereof may be dispensed with.

Fluid passages or ducts 63 may be provided in the valve casing, through which air or water or other cooling fluid maybe claim and faces 59 betwe en valves'7'and 19'. Holes '50 through the upper portion ofvalve 19 perm'it'oil -to runout from. groove 17,, down .its s'e'at.- a p 2. an lntern'al combustion; engine, the-'- "combination -w1th a' cylinder," of a unitary therewith, and means for raising each valve caused to flow- Any, suitablemeans (not shown) may be provided for controlling the temperature of the'said fluid-for controlling the temperatureof the{va1ves.

One advantage of constructing the valves according to my invention isthat aiminimum surface of the transfer valve exposed tothe hot gases, thereby renderi g the 'tem perature of said: valve more easilycontrolled. The air inlet valve, on the otherhand which covers a large part of the exhaust valve isv thereby subject. to much. of

"the heat towhich'the exhaust valve would I otherwise be'subj'ect, but the air passing through the valve into the cylinder, and the coolingfiuid in duct 63' s erve"to'leep this I valve properly cooled. It should also-be f noted that the area of the. surfaces exposed to the heated gases is ,much less than the area exposed to the cooling fluid, theint riorsurfaces being channeled-and :fluted whil'e the exposed surfaces are'smooth I accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have herein described the principleof operation of my invention, to-] gether with the apparatus, which'I new consider to represent the best embodimentthereof, but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus'shown is only illustrative and;

that the invention can be carried [out by 'other means. Also, whilelitfisdesigned-to Q use the various features and elements in'the ofthes'e-may be altered and others omitted ;'w'ithout interfering with the more. general results 0utlined,"'and to such use. 5e-

the inventio extends combination and-relations. described, some Having describedinvention, "what I 1i In aninternal combustionengi-ne, the

combination with a-jcylinden of a unitary intake and, exhaust valve mechanism there for comprising an outwardly opening ex-' haust. valve, a stem therefor,- a port normally closed by said valve, a sleeve surdesire to" secure by Letters Patrounding said stem and normally; seated- --u pon said other valve forming ,fan inta'ke' valve and means for raising each valve from intake and exhaust valve mechanis ntherevalve, a sleeve surrounding- .said stem and stem for guiding the intake air into contact from its seat.

3. In an mternal combustion eng ne, a

-forj' comprisingan exhaust ."valve, a -stem] therefor, a port normally closed by said normally seated upon said other valve form'- ing an intake valve,' a passage along said.

cylinder, a unitar two part valve for said cylinder for admitting air thereto and for permitting the exhaust of the products of combustion, a casing for said valve, a chants. her in said casing adapted to'contain air under pressure, a piston in said chamber on one of said parts for holding the same nor mally closed, means to: holding the other of said parts normally closed, and means for opening the said parts.

4:. in a coinpound internal combustion. engine, in which the intake air is precompressed, a high and a low pressure cylinder, a port between said cylinders, and a unitary two part valve comprising a central part having a stem tor closing said port and a closing said port and a sleeve part mounted over and seated. on said central part for admitting air to said high pressure cylinder and passages in said parts for a cooling fluid to pass through.

6. In a compound internal combustion engine, a high and a low pressure cylinder, a

vport between said cylinders, a'unitary two part valve comprising a central part for closing said port and a sleeve part mounted over and seated on saidcentral part for admitting air to said high pressure cylinder, a

, piston on said central part, a chamber adjacent said piston and apassage through "said central part of said chamber.

7. In a compound internal combustion engine in which the intake air is precompressed, a high and a low pressure cylinder, a port between said cylinders, a unitary two part valve comprising a central part for closing said port and a sleeve part mounted over and seated on said central part for admitting air to said high pressure cylinder, and a piston on said sleeve part, having its working face exposed to the compressed intake air and operating to hold both valves closed. I

8. In an internalcombustion engine, a

cylinder, a unitary two part valve associated therewith comprising a central part, a sleeve part mounted over and'seated .on said cen-' tral part,'a chamber in said casing, an air 'passage leading into said chamber. means for opening said sleeve part to permit air from said chamber to enter said cylinder, means fondirecting said air into contact with said parts for cooling the same, means for opening said central part and a common means for holding either or both of said parts normally closed irrespective of the po- "sition of the other valve.

9.'In an internal combustion engine, a high pressure cyhnde'r, a low pressure cylair to said high yn'cssu tion engine, a high and a low pressure cylpart valve comprising a central part for inder, means for pie-compressing the air prior to compression in the high pressure cylinder, a -passage between said cylinders, a two part valve adjacent said cylinders, one part thereof adapted to open and close said passage and the other part thereof adapted to admit the compressed air to said high pressure.cylinder, means for opening said first part between two expansion stages, and means for opening the other part between two compression stages.

11.: In an internal combustion engine, a high and a low pressure cylinder, a passage between said cylinders, a two part valve associated with said cylinders, comprising a central part having a stem adapted to seat in said passage for opening and closing the same and an outer part surrounding said stem and seated on said central part and adapted to open and close by moving reciprocally on and relative to said central part for admitting air to said high'pressure cylinder and air passages along said stem to cool the same.

12. In an internal combustion engine, a

high pressure-cylinder, a low pressure cyl ind'er, a passage between said cylinders, a valve adapted to open and close said passage, and a second valve adapted to admit air to said high pressure cylinder, said valves being coaxial and having pass-ages through which the intake air passes to cool the same.

13. In a combustion engine having a multi-stage compression for the intake air and a multi-stage expansion for the working products, the combination with a combustion cylinder and an expansion cylinder, of a common two piirt 'alvc mechanism acting between the respective stages on both the compression and expansion operations of the cycles.

14:. In a unitary two part valve, a central valve, a sleeve valve mounted thereover and seated thereon, means for holding said sleeve for holding said oentral'valve closed when said sleeve valve, is opened.

'16. In a unitary two part valve', a -central valve, a sleeve valve mounted thereoverand seated m ans for holding said 1 the one which is seated on th th is raised.- Y I valves normally closed, a lever for opening said-central valvei-a-nd a lever for opening said sleeve valve, the fulcrumof said seoond mentioned leverbeing supported from said first mentioned lever for holding said central valve closed when said sleevevalve is I opened; v

- 17.In a two part valve, a central part,-- an outer part adapted to seat on said central I 'part, a spring for, holding said-outer'part normally closed and thereby .alsoholding said central part normallyclosed, means fori opening each offsaid parts, and means-for causing said spring to continue -to :ho1d said central part closed when said outer partis open.

18 In a'twofp art; valve, a central part, lj an outer part adapted to seat'on said central? part, a spring for holding said outer part i normally closedandthereby also hold said central part normally closed, means, foropening'each ofxsaidfparts neansi'for causing said spring tooontinue tohold' said cene tral part closed whensaid outerpart is open and-additional means forwassisting i nholdingsaidc'e'ntral part normally closed. jil 1 19'. Inna multiple expansion "engine, a- 'transfer valve having a stem, an intake valve; seated thereon, and surrounding-the- .i steinof said transfer .valve,- .said intake, valve havinga passageway therethrough to guide];

the incoming air over the transfer-valve I I and'Istem. i

v In Ififiitiple xpastnr eng iie iny which the, intake air -isrprecompressed, ,a

' ton on the'valve which. is seated on the other said transfer valve stem pressure cylinder.

transfer valve, a valve seattherefor, anintake valve seated-thereon, and a piston on,- said intake 'vvalve subject to the pressure of,

the'intake air for holding both the valves on their seats. L

21. In a multiple expansion engine, a

transfer valve haying a' stem, an intake .valve seated thereon, said valves havingpas- 50 sages Vsuch'th at the intake air passes along in entering the high 22. In a. multiple expansion engine'in which the intakeairis precompresse'd, a transfer valve, an intake valve, oneof sa1d valves beifig' seated on the'other, and a pisvalve for holding both valves on their; seats.

a 23. In an internal combustion engine, a double valve comprising a central valve and signature.

a sleeve valve, one of which is seated on the i other, a common-yielding means. for hold- 1 ing both valves closed, linkage for. opening each valve, andlinkage associated therewith, l

for transferring the pressure of'said yielding meansto the other of, saidkvalves when engine. 1

V 25. I In a multipleexpansion internal com-v I bustion engine, the combination ;with high and. low pressure oyli'nders,. the former hja'V-j jingan elongated clearance space overlying the-end of the'jl'atter, -=a-;.transfer passage leadingfroml said space into the low pressureflcylinder an, outwardly opening transfer valve'havinga stem-normally closing saidpasseige, a sleeve surrounding said stem -.and-seated.on sa dvalve-,fan'd'means for .eir

culating airthrough sa d sleeve to cool-the" yalvealdr.

- j 26. In a expansion internal com-- bustionrengine, thefconibination with high and low" pressure cylinders, the former havi ing a substantial clearance space, a transfer l having a tem passing through ,sa

pace, anda protective sleeve shieldin md valvean'd stem. l v f p27, In; a multiple expansionjinternal' com bustionengine, aconibined intake and transllfer valve comprising a disk transfer valve 3 having-a stem, aseat therefor-opening into the low pressure cylinder, a sleeve seated on said valve formingjhe intake valve and surrounding said stem.,- an d means for increas- ':ing the surfaceslof said sleeve and stem washed by the intake air above *the area of the exterior surfaces exposed to the hot products in the two cylinders 28. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder receiving hot gases alternately from two other cylinders, a valve ,communlcating with such cylinder having a plurality of sur- ..faces, means for supplying a coolingmedium one of said surfaces being exposed to the said hotgases, andv another surface for the valve of greater area being exposed to said cooling medium and shielded'from said hot gases.

, In testimony whereof I have aflixed my HERMAN J. .S-GHARNAGEL.

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