US1352873A - Telegraphy - Google Patents

Description

TELEGRAPH Y.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 15, 1916.

Patented Sept. 14, 1920 4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 15, 1916.

Patented Sept. 14,19 2@.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

SHOE/W4 0i m hw w. M. B'RUCE,'JR.

TELEGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED MAY 1.5, 19.16.

Patented Sept. 14, 1920. 4'SHEETSSHEET 4 wirbneoo M airs sra rs far are.

WILLIAM M. BRUCE, an, sramermtn, omo.

TELE HY.

, messes.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM M. BRUCE,

J r., a citizen of the United States, residin' at Springfield, inthe county of Clark and State of Ohio, have invented (361173.111-l1fi77 and useful Improvements in Telegraphy, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in telegraphy and especially in receiving mechanism, particularly adapted for use with Submarine cables or high capacity OI SlIIlI- lar conductors where Weak Currents only can be employed and it relates more particularly to that class of receiving-and translating devices in which variable resistance such as selenium is employed for.

operating the translating device. I have adapted my devices to systems ,of telegraphy whereimpulses of opposite polarity of current follow each other either at the end of each character or at the'beginning and end of each character though parts of the system i or apparatus may be employed with any of the well known systems.

and a method of projecting the light there;

on so as to secure a higher efliciency from.

the selenium cells. I o I v Another object is to improve upon the circuits for the translating devices connecb edto the selenium organism with a special view to maintaining a proper zero-in the translating devices.

With these primary objects which will appear from the description of the devices, my invention consists in the'intrumentalities and circuits hereinafterdee Y scribed and set forth in the claims. r

,In the accompanying drawings: ,Figure l is a diagrammatic view 'illustrating, the arrangement of the selenium organism, the light projecting and deflecting means; also the local circuits for controlling the translating devices from the selenium organism Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are detail'views more or less diagrammatic showing the arrangement cation.

'rated from'each other by insulating My present invention has for its object the improvement of the selenium organism and Y others diagrammatic view showing a 1 1a. Serial No. 97,6481

Specification 6: was rat rs. Pate ted Sept. 14.11920 Application filed May 15,

organism showing somewhat in detail the. mechamcal 'constructlon of same.

g QLike" parts are represented by similar [characters of reference in the several views..-

As shown in Fig. 7 theselenium organism ach unitor cell is composed of a series of metallic. plates-a and a and b and b, sepamate- .rial and with the .selenium arranged in the spaces. between the plates as'to secure a made up of a seriesof units'or cells and very thin film or surface of the selenium.

Alsoas shown in Fig; 7 these cells or units are arranged in groups and asshown in igs; 2, 3, 4: and 5 these groups areelectri-v callyjconnectedpreferably in multiple and Ilprefer'ably arrange'th'em in pairs so that one. cell of each groupis'v in-' each pair as 'l shown in Figs. 1 to 4.-inclu'sive, although 'th'eymay be arrangedasshownin Fig. "5

with the cells apart; f

forming; the groups spaced Instead of acing. tire-06115 lass to- I gether as hasbee n the usual method-I'space the' cellsor'pair. of cells apart a distance'not v than the width tr one cell or unit and Where-the cellsare'arran'ged in" pairs I also space; a; For .operatingthe mech'anism'I employ a sourcedof light'-c- (see- Fig-J11) in front of which'ithere is. referabIypIaced-alens d '1 audit-"perforated, screen e'by means of .#which there isprojecte'd 'on the mirror f a series oflight bands or bars separated from each other'byafseries of shadows or'dark' bands or bars. The mirror in turn" is arranged-to project these bars-'intof-the selenium unit shown as. s in Fig. l". preferably through a lens d; thisfmechanism all being. so installed and adjusted that the bands or bars of light I and ,shade will be projected-7 units as indicated: in Figs. 1, 221ml "5. The.

mirror is arranged to. beudeflected by the v receiving current preferably"by-"mounting it upon an ordinary'suspended coil such as. used on galvanometer or SlPllOIl recorder .and the deflection of the mirror is adjusted so as to alternately bring the light bal s on separate the cellsof thelpairs 'by a slight I on the selenium unit' -'with the bandsohlightg normally in' thejjspaces between j the. units and the shadows on the cells "or selenium" one or'the other group of cells .while the re maining-group remains in shadow. Where shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4' this isobtained 11 0 the'individual cells are arranged in pairs as having one more light space than there are cells and, as these light spaces or bars normally occupy the spaces between the cells when the mirror is shifted in one direcpair a-re'shown in thelight while in-Fig. 4

" tion or the other all the cells in one group will be in the light and those of the other grou will be in shadow, this is illustrated in Fig. 3, w'here the cells at the leftof each those at the right are shown in the light.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5 where the-groups are separated instead of being arranged in pairs,- the same result is accom- 1 plished by'arranging the light bar's nor-l mally on one side of thecells of one group and on the-opposite side of the cells. of the other group, the central light space in this case being of double width so that. as the I imageof thelight and dark streaks is shifted in 'one direction orthe' other the cell on one side of said space is exposed to the light and'that on the other side. remains in darkness. L

As above 'statedfl space @5115 or bars of light apart a distance notlessthan the width of one-cell with the lightbars substantially equal to the width of the' cell; Where the adj ustmentsare very delicate as .for

stance in duplex 'sendin ,I make the space between thecellsslight y, greater-than the than so, that minute. deflecposing of the mirror are either all exposed to the light or all in the shadow, thussepurin a very quick and-positive response in the re ay from the shifting light beams. I,

The electrical circuits may be described as follows:

9 is the cable or conductor and g the far- .tifical line by which duplex sending is provided for, g isthe line to the sending instrument and g is the receiv ng instrument carrying the mirror 7. The 0011 f of the receiv ing instrument is connected across the bridge betweenthe conductor and artificial by the usual circuits 1 and 2 so as toreceive-v the impulses coming from the conductor '9 and permit the transmission of sendingimpulses fron g without affecting the receiving device. One group of cells of the selenium organismis connected by'wire 3,to one pole of the battery X and the other group by wire 4 to the opposite pole of the battery X.

Branch connections 5 and 6 from lines 3 and '4 are provided with proper resistance r and fr" forming the four arms of a bridge the diagonal of which formed by the wires 7 and 8 include the relay or translating device 7.

" These connections are such that if the res1st ance of either group of selenium cells is polarity or the other will be sent frombattery X to 'the relay it over the following circuit: battery X, branch 5, resistance 7 wire 7, relay 7L, wire 8 to one side of the selenium cell and by wire 4: back to battery X or if in the opposite direction from battery X, branch 6, resistance 7', wire 7 relay h, wire 8 tothe opposite side of the other group of cells;

Now, I have found inpract ice that unless this selenium organism is made with the most minute accuracy and the thickness of the selenium body reduced to minute proportions that the inertia of the selenium will prevent the relay h from returning sharply and quickly to zero in response to the impulses of current and to overcome. this I insert in the line 8 in series with the relay a,

condenser 71 and I have found that by this i changed thebal ance of the bridge will be disturbed and an impulse of current of one means when impulses of opposite polarity are employed'the impulse of current-operates the relay .sharply and quickly and the condenser permits it at once to return to its zero. position when otherwise it would be del flected or remain in its deflected position owing to the inertia of the. selenium element' i It is obvious that the smaller the mass 0 selenium the-higher the resistance and the less current that can pass through, on, the. -other hand the larger the mass of selenium the more inert'material there is unaffected thelight and the neore sluggish the action of the/relay but by the use of the-condenser red in the'circuit I have found that I can ma terially decrease the resistance of the cells V and use a larger mass ofselemum (and conse quently more current) without the inertia thereof affecting the relay or its positive zero. p

This is particularly advantageous where a Morse system is employed and the impulses used to operate a' sounder or other simple translating instrument.

Also I have found that by the use of the condenser in connection with the selenium organism and the relay the bridge across which the relayis: connected need not be accurately balanced. have, for instance,

been able to operate the relay with a differ- I e nce 'of 7 000 ohms in the arms of the bridge and found the relay maintained a perfect zerdwliere a difference of 5 ohms without the condenser would destroy the accuracy of the operation of the relay.

l have shown in Fig. l, the relay it operat-- ing between the contacts it and 71 connected to the opposite ends of a divided battery m the center of which battery is connected by .wire 9 to a polarized relay the circuit of which is completed by wire 10 to thevibrat ing contact h of the relay h. This polarized relay j may be connected to operate the usual sounder is over the usual local circuit from' This arrangement dispenses with the use of the suspended coil relay h and I have found this to be possible with the use of a condenser z" and where the selenium organism is made up with sutficiently low resistance to permit an amount of current su flicient to operate a relay of this character.

aving thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A receiving device for telegraphy prisin a selenium organism composed of a plurallty of separate units or cells spaced apart a distance not less than the width of the individual units or cells, a source of light and means for deflecting the said light in bars of a width substantially equal to the width of the individual cells, said bars of light being separated by shadows equal in Width to one or more of said individual cells, and a deflector arranged to shift the bars of light and shadow in either direction to a distance substantially equal to one of said cells as and for the purpose specified.

2. In telegraphy, a recelving device, a selenium organism and a source of light, and deflecting means at the receiving device to deflect the rays from said light source in parallel bars of light and shade, said selenium organism being made of a plurality of units or cells of a Width substantially equal to the bars of light and separated from each other by a space not less than the width oi the 11 ht bars, said selenium cells being arranger? in pairs, the different units of each pair being electrically connected in multiple and arranged in a bridge so that one of the units of one pairin one arm of the bridge and the other unit of the pair in the other arm of the bridge, a source of current, and a polar relay in the diagonal of the bridge as and for the purpose s ecified.

3. n a system of telegraphy, employing successive impulses of opposite current, a selenium organism having a multiplicity of units or cells which are arranged in two arms of a bridge, a polarized relay connected across the diagonal of said bridge, and a condenser in series with said relay.

4. In a telegraph system, a selenium organism for operating electrical devices, consisting of a plurality of units or cells spaced apart a distance not less than the width of the units, said units being divided numerically with half of the units connected in multiple in one circuit and the other half connected in multiple in another circuit, a light projecting mechanism comprising means for projecting bars of light substantially equal to the width of a unit and spaced apart by shadows of a width not less than two of said selenium units or cells, and means for deflecting said bars of light or shade so that all of said units shall be 'in shadow or one half in shadow and the other in light.

5. In a telegraphic system employing imgroup connectedin multiple one of the other, a light projecting device for deflecting alternate bars of light and shadow on said cells, and means for deflecting the same to cause the light or shade to cover said units, a connection from said multiple sets of units to a polarized relay, and a source of current supply therefor, and condenser in series with said relay as and for the purpose specified.

6. In a telegraph system, a selenium organism of a plurality of separate cells spaced apart, a source of light, means for projecting the said light in bars of a width substantially equal to the width of the cells and separated by shadows equal in width to one or more of said cells, said cells being spaced apart adistance greater than the Width of the li ht bars, and a deflector to shift the bars or light in either direction to a distance substantially equal to one of said cells, and electrical connections from said cells to a translating device as and for the IVILLIAM M. BRUCE, JR.

Witness:

CHAS. I. WELOH.

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