US1339933A

US1339933A - Single-roll crusher

Info

Publication number: US1339933A
Application number: US108486A
Authority: US
Inventors: William K Liggett
Original assignee: Jeffrey Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Jeffrey Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 1916-07-10
Filing date: 1916-07-10
Publication date: 1920-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 1937-05-11

Description

w. KQLIGGETT.

SINGLE ROLL CRUSHER. APPLICATION FVILED JULY 10, 1916.

1 ,339 933, Patented May 11, 1920.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2- A FOR/V15) UNITED STATES PATENT. orrron.

K- L TT, or COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR "r THE JEFFREY MANUFAC- .TURING COMPANY,\OF COLUMBUS, OHIO. j v

SINGLE-ROLL CRUSHER.

' Specification of Letters Patent. Patented May 11, 1920;

Application filed July 10, 1916. Serial No. 108,486. I

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM K. LIGGETT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and -Stateof Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Single- Roll Crushers, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the stoking furnaces has created a large demand for coal crushed to a small and uniform size. When the coal crushing machines heretofore manufactured have been adjusted to produce the" desired fineness of product, their "capacityhas usually been reduced beyond vthe limit of profitable operation and an-unduly large portion of the coal has been reduced to dust.

The common expedient by which these difiicultis are avoided is the use of two crushing machines, one adapted to crush largerlumps to a comparatively small size being placed over "a second machine which is adapted to reduce the product of the first machine to the size required. Such a double .machine is necessarily expensive and re- ,1 quires a relativelypowerful driving mechanism; In the patentto Whiting, No.

. 1,045,763, is disclosed a machine comprising aroll rotating adjacent a stationary breaker plate wherein the surface of the roll is thickly set with a large number of relatively small crushing "teeth and a much smaller number {of. -relatively long hook-shaped "t-he. machine to be crushed, and the small 1 crushing teeth to crush it to the desired size. -"A,.smooth"br.eaker plate is normally sup- 3 ported'in' such manner that there shall be teeth,the -hookshaped teeth serving to draw 9.

the larger fragments of the coal down into only a' running clearance between its lower partand the tops of the crusher teeth. Inordenith'at the longer ho'ok-shapedteethmay ;pas's, 'groov s' areprovided' in the breaker T-plate ,;and the proportions of the teeth and 1 0 grooves "are such that there shall be only the necessary running clearance and the grooves shall" be no wider thanthe-greatest desired:

. dimension of the fragments of coal in the -product. By this arrangement of parts the throat through which the coal passes affords of mine coal, including both large and small 7 fragments, and, by a single operation, re-

duce it uniformly to the small size suitable for modern automatic stoking furnaces.

A further object is to produce a machine of simple design and great strength in which the parts subjected to the greatest wear may be readily and conveniently renewed.

Other objects will appear in the following. specification, wherein is set forth the preferred embodiment of my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings of Which Figure 1 is a general plan view of a machine embodying my present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1. I i

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

gig. 4 is a perspective view of the feeder r0 1Fig. 5 is a perspective View of the breaker p ate.

Referring to the drawings. 1, 1 are the end frames upon which the crushing mechanism is mounted.

Journal bearings

2 and 3 are formed in these end frames and in these bearings are mounted the crushing roll shaft 4 and the feed roll shaft 5. The bearings are supplied with the customary removable caps "in order that the machine may be easily taken apart.

Keyed to the shaft 5 I is a pulley wheel 6 adapted to be connected. by a suitable belt with any convenient source of power by which the machine may be driven.

*At the end of the shaft5 opposite to the pulley 6 ismounted a spur pinion 7 which engages with a gear 8 attachednto the roll shaft a to drive it. Mounted upon the shaft .4, betweenthe bearings 2, is a drum or roll 9 surface of the plate s 10 are formed elongated sharp-edged ribs 12 extending parallel to the axis of the roll and, preferably, from end to end thereof. Preferably the front sides of the ribs are approximately radial to the axis of the roll. As will later appear, the ribs cooperate with other parts in the crushing of the coal and the radial and circu1nferential dimensions of the ribs bear a definite relation to the desired size of the product.

Attached to the frame members 1 are removable end plates 13 and a rear cover plate 14 which serve to inclose the upper portion of the roll. This construction provides removable plates which, when in place, seal the chamber within which the roll operates,thereby preventing the escape of dust, and, when removed, allow access to the bolts 11 so that the segmental sections 10 may be removed or replaced without the entire dismantling of the machine. A hopper 15 is attached to the upper edge of these plates and through this hopper is introduced the coal to be crushec. I

A breaker plate 16 is pivotally supported on a transverse shaft 17 at the upper front side of the machine,.being disposed so that it and the roll form opposite, downward converging walls of a passage through which the coal moves to the final crushing points at the lower side of the plate. Said plate is provided at its lower side with a renewable shoe 18 the entire operative surface of which is formed with elongated sharp-edged ribs 19. These ribs are disposed in planes at right angles to the ribs 12 on the roll and extend closely adjacent to the last named. ribs, the two sets of ribs cooperating in a peculiar manner. as the roll turns, to crush the coal to a uniform size. As in the case of the ribs of the roll, the dimensions of the ribs 19 bear a definite relation to the size of the product. The shoe 18 is beveled along its top and bottom edges to engage the clamping surfaces 20 and-21 formed on the breaker plate 16 and the clamping plate 22 respectively. The clamping plate 22 is secured to the lower edge of the breaker plate 16 by a plurality of clamping bolts 23 by which it may be drawn against the renewable shoe 18 to lock itsecurely in place.

A shaft 24; extends through the breaker plate 16 near its lower end, and upon the projecting ends of this shaft are mountedthe eye bolts 25 which extend rearwardly through the lugs 26 of the frame members 1.

Springs 27 are placed upon the extremities of these eye bolts outside the lugs 26 and are retained in place by nuts 28 by the ad? justment of which the tension of the spring 27 may be varied. This provides a cushioning of the breaker plate so that when an unusually hard piece of material is passed between the roll and the breaker plate, the

breaker plate may yield to relieve the strain without damage to the machine, after which the springs will immediately return. the breaker plate to its operative position.

It has been found that' when a crushing roll such as described is provided with ribs '7 of a size appropriate to the production of finely crushed coal, the larger lumps Wlll roll upon the top of the crushing roll and not be drawn down into the machine to be crushed. To overcome this difii'culty I have provided a feeder roll 29 mounted upon the shaft 5 intermediate the journal bearings 3 In order that the roll 29 may be securely held against rotation relative to the shaft 5 that portion of the shaft which is intermediate the bearings 23 is formed square, and the roll is built up'of sections 30 each of which is provided with a square aperture 31, through which the shaft 5 extends. Upon each of these sections 30 is formed a nar row, radially elongated hook-shaped tooth 32 adapted to engage the larger pieces of coal and force them downward between the roll andv breaker plate. These sections are so placed on the shaft 5 that each tooth 32 isangularly displaced from the next adjacent tooth, thus forming a spiral line of teeth around the roll. Formed on the face of the breaker plate 16 is a transverse ridge 33 the upper face of which conforms closely to the curvature of the roll 29 to prevent the passage of coal between the roll and the breaker plate 16. The ridge 33 extends well under the feeder roll 29 and the lower face of the ridge forms an upright abutment wall for the coal at points between the crusher roll and a vertical plane through the axis of the feeder roll. To permit rotation of the roll 29 slots 34 are formed in the ridge 33, and preferably in the adjacent parts of the body of thebreaker plate 16, these slots permitting the passage of the elongated feeder teeth 32. As these teeth move downward and pass into the slots, it will beseen that they cooperate with the aforesaid abutment wall on the breaker plate to effectively crowd the coal downward in the tapering passageway toward the final crushing points. the teeth 32 in cooperation with the breaker plate, many of the larger pieces of coal are partially crushed and the downward movement of the mass accordingly facilitated; Of course, in this downward feeding of the coal mass there is effective cooperation be tween the'feeder roll 29 and the crushing roll 9; for, while the relatively low ribs of the crusher roll are not capable alone of the coal 29 as will readily be understood In this positive feeding action of from an inspection of Fig. 8. The upward movement of the teeth 32 of the feeder roll has no effect. of course, upon the coal be movement within the slots of the breaker plate.

In practical operation machines of this character are commonly arranged to receive tom cars or from large grab buckets or by other rapid methods of handling. In such cases there' will often be a load of several 'tons of coal directly upon the crushing and feeding rolls. As the two rolls revolve toward each other and downward, the lower parts of the-superimposed coal mass are engaged and drawn down into the tapering passageway between the crusher roll and the breaker plate, the larger pieces of coal being effectively forced downward and partially crushed, as above described, by the? elongated teeth of the feeder roll, while the forwardly inclined ribs on the crusher roll exert a downward feeding action on the smaller particles of the coal.

In the downward movement of the coal through the machine, it comes to the final crushing points between the ribs of the roll and the ribs on the shoe 18 of the breaker plate. The action of the two sets of ribs on the coal is peculiar; the ribs, disposed as they are at right angles to each other, tend to divide the stream of coal along'lines at right angles to each other, cutting the coal into fragments of a general cubical form rather than indiscriminately mashing it. Hence, while the crushing action of the ribs is highly effective, there is much less tendency to reduce much of the coal to dust than there is in the case of prior machines in which the roll is formed with isolated teeth working on a relatively plain or smooth faced breaker plate. It will be understood that the ribs both on the roll and on the breaker plate are spaced apart a distance approximately equal to the maximum permissible'dimensions of the fragments of the product, and since, when the machine is adjusted for fine crushing, there is no space for larger fragments to pass through, the fineness of the product is assured. Furthermore, the cotiperative action of the two sets of ribs is such that while there is a relatively slight tendency to reduce the coal to dust, and while the action is remarkably uniform, the capacity is not unduly reduced by the close setting of the plate and roll as in prior machines.

In the preferred form of construction illustrated in the drawings the crushing ribs on the roll are shown as extending continuously the full length of the roll, but in referring to the ribs both of the roll and of the breaker plate as elongated, I intend simply to distinguish them from isolated teeth such as have been used on the crushing rolls of prior machines and by the term elongated mean to indicate that the working edges of the ribs are elongated to a length greater than the distance between the ribs on'the opposing element of the crusher. v

It is to be understood that cooperating sets of crusher ribs, such as are herein set forth, may beutilized in forms of construction differing more or less radically in some respects from the structure herein disclosed, and in my two co-pending applications of even date herewith and bearing the Serial Nos. 108,485 and 108,487, I have shown two other forms of construction in which such ribs are embodied.

WVhat I claim is i 1. In apparatus for crushing coal, the combination of a frame, two companion crushing elements oppositely mounted in the frame to form a downwardly tapering passage through which the coal passes to the final crushing points, a feeding device supplemental'to the roll comprising a series of elongated teeth mounted at the upper end of said passage to rotate around a trans- Verselyextending axis to engage the coal and force it downward between the crushing elements, and means to prevent the engagement with the coal of said elongated teeth during the outward and upward parts of the movement of rotation.

' 2. In an apparatus for crushing coal, the combination of a frame, two companion crushing elements oppositely mounted in the frame to form a downwardly tapering passage through which the coal passes to the final crushing points, and a positively acting feeding mechanism supplemental to the crushing element arranged to operate in the tapering passage way to engage the larger fragments of coal and force them downwardly through the tapering passage.

3. In apparatus for crushing coal, the combination of a frame, a crushing roll rotatably mounted in the frame, a breaker plate mounted in the frame at one side of the roll to cooperate therewith, the said plate plate mounted in the frame at one side of the roll to cooperate therewith, the said roll and plate forming opposite downwardly converging walls between which the coal points, and means or feeding the coal-down- Wa'rdly between the converging walls comprising a transversely extending cylinder rotatably mounted between the crushing roll and the breaker plate and having radially elongated teeth, the breaker plate being formed adjacent the feeding cylinder with slots into which the said elongated teeth pass during their upward movement.

5. In apparatus for crushing coal, the combination of a frame, a crushing roll rotabably mounted in the frame, a breaker plate mounted in the frame 'at one side of the roll to cooperate therewith, the said roll and. plate forming opposite walls of a downwardly tapering passage through which the coal passes downwardly to the final crushing points, and means for feeding the coal downwardly between the converging walls comprising a transversely extending cylinder rotatably mounted between the crushing roll and the breaker plate and having radially elongated teeth, the breaker plate being shaped to form'an upright abutment wall disposed beneath the feeding cylinder at points in vertical planes between the crusher roll and the axis of the feeder cylinder and the said abutment wall and adjacent partsof the breaker platebeing formed with slots into which the feeder teeth intermittently. pass in their rotational movement.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

lVILLIAM K. LIGGETT.

Witnesses HARRY C. DEAN, DUDLEY T. FISHER.