US1325546A - r wardell - Google Patents

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US1325546A
US1325546A US1325546DA US1325546A US 1325546 A US1325546 A US 1325546A US 1325546D A US1325546D A US 1325546DA US 1325546 A US1325546 A US 1325546A
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layer
shingle
mastic
felt
asphalt
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/02—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/32—Processes in molding using asbestos or asphalt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31815—Of bituminous or tarry residue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2221—Coating or impregnation is specified as water proof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
    • Y10T442/2639—Coated or impregnated asbestos fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
    • Y10T442/57—Including particulate material other than fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
    • Y10T442/59—At least three layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to prepared roofing and particularly to shingles and other roofing elements which are laid upon the roof in over-lapping relation.
  • these roofing elements may give satisfactory service it is important that they should at all times lay fiat upon the roof without the employment of fastening devices in their eX- posed portions.
  • the shingles or the like should be sufficiently stiff to prevent their exposed portions being lifted by the wind and that they should be of such permanently waterproof construction "as to effectively avoid warping or buckling even after long continued exposure to the weather. That is to say, if the waterproof character of the shingles is not retained the edges and adjacent ⁇ under portions of the exposed part of the shingles will thereafter be repeatedly damp and dry in alternation and warping or buckling may result.
  • these prepared roofing elements should be largely composed of fire-proof or slow burning materials.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a prepared roong shingle or like element which is of greatly improved quality, particularly as 4to its stiffness, waterproof and fire-resisting properties, its durability'and appearance.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing Aa shingle embodying the features of improvement provided by the invention 4with parts broken away to expose details of the several layers;
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view wlth the thick ness of the shingle and its several. layers greatly exaggerated; and- Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 1 but shows a so called strip shingle embodying the features of improvement provided by the invention.
  • the mastic core orbody layer is repre.
  • this layer may have the required stine'ss ⁇ wlthoutbeing made unduly thick it is' preferably formed with a large proportion of nely divided mert material and arelatively small pro- ⁇ portion of bituminous cementing material.
  • weight of sharp sand and seventy-five per cent. by weight of silicious clay may be used in the proportion of about sixty-five per cent. by weight in the mastic compound, the remainder preferably comprising natural asphalts such as gilsonite, Trinidad asphalt and grahamite, mixed with oil to form a compound melting at about 250 F. and
  • This mastic is desirably worked at temperatures between 350 and 400 F. It will maintain substantial rigidity atsummer temperatures without becoming frangible in winter.
  • each of the fabric layers, represented at 1]."and 12 comprises an asbestos felt.
  • asbestos felt of loose texture is desirably employed.
  • the. fabric layers 11 and 12 should be of less thickness than the mastic layer 10, a felt weighing about ten pounds per square of 108 square feet may be emplloyed. This felt is rendered waterproof prior to its application to the mastic layer 10.
  • a dense asphaltic compound for this purpose an asphalt mixture which is only semi-liquid at ordinary temperatures is preferable.
  • the saturated fabric layers 11, 12, may beassembled with the mastic core or body layer 10 in any convenient manner, as by susA drawing the sheets of asbestos felt between a pair of horizontal composing rolls (not shown) - ⁇ and maintaining a batch of the heated mastic between the sheets and rolls in accordance with the plan disclosed in Patent No. 302,938 issuedto W. H. Rankin, August 5, 18811. ⁇ While the thickness of the shingle as a Whole, and the relative thickness of its component layers may be varied in ⁇ accordance with the weight of the shingle desired and its adaptability for special use, it is proposed that the thick ness of the completed shingle will generally not greatly exceed that of prepared roofing shingles now in common use. It is also proposed that the mastic core or body layer 10 of the shingle may comprise about eighty per cent. of the total thickness, the fabric layers 11 and 12 being each about ten per cent.
  • the surface 13 of the shingle may be composed of grit, as usual. This is applied over an adhesive layer of asphalt' 14, in a well known manner.
  • the improved shingle has sufficient weight and stiffness to insure that its exposed portions, as 15, (Fig. 3) will not be raised by the wind, Furthermore, as the use of fugitive materials is avoided in waterproofing the fabric layers 11, 12, and these layers are protected by direct contact with the vmastic layer 10, warping and curling of the shingles are effectively preventedi
  • asbestos felt is employed for the fabric layers 11, 12, as described, the improved shingle also has substantial fire-resisting properties whereby it cannot be ignited by burning brands falling upon the roof nor will the shingles serve for the transmission of burning brands to adjacent buildings.
  • sti non-frangible fire-resisting ⁇ shingle of laminated structure comprising an intermediate mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material and a layer of asbestos fabric impregnated with asphalt adhering to and covering the said mastic layer on each side of the same.
  • a stif' non-frangible fire-resisting shingle of laminated structure comprising a mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustiblea material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material and an outer layer of asbestos fabric impregnated with asphalt adhering to and covering the said body layer upon one side of the same.
  • a stiff non-frangible fire-resisting shingle of laminated structure comprising an intermediate mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material, a layer of asbestos fabric impregnated with asphalt adhering to and covering the said mastic layer on each side of the same, an adhesive 'layer of asphalt covering'one of the said 4.
  • a stiff non-frangible shingle of laminated structure comprising a mastic body layer formed with approximately sixty-five per cent. by weight of finely divided incombustible material and thirty-five per cent. by weight of asphalt melting at about 2500 F. and a layer of asbestos felt impregnated with a dense asphaltic compound which is semi-fluid at ordinary temperatures adhering to and covering the said mastic layer upon one side of the same.
  • a stiff non-frangible shingle of laminated structure comprising a mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material and a layer of asbestos felt impregnated with a dense asphaltic compound which is semi-fluid at ordinary temperatures adhering to and covering the said mastic layer upon one side of the same.
  • a fire resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising a plurality of sheets of arbestos felt each impregnated with an asphaltic water-proofing compound, an intermediate layer, comprising bituminous cementing material extending between and uniting the said sheets of asbestos felt, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the outer side of one of the said sheets of asbestos felt, and a layer of grit adhering to and covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.
  • a fire resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising a plurality of sheets of asbestos felt each impregnated with a dense asphaltic compound which is semi-Huid at ordinary temperatures, an i11- termediate layer comprising bituminous cementing material extending between and uniting the saidsheets of asbestos felt, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the outer side of one -of the said sheets of asbestos felt, and a layer of grit adheringto and covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.
  • a fire-resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising a sheet of asbestos felt impregnated with an asphaltic waterproofing compound, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the said sheet of asbestos felt upon one side of the same, and a layer of grit adhering to and covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.

Description

H. R WARDELL.
SHINGLE.
APPLICATION FILED III/IY 9. IsIa.
1,325,546. f Patnted De.23,1919.
UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE.
HENRY R. WARDELL, 0F YON KERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO CENTRAL COMMERCIAL COMPANY, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.
SHINGLE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Dec. 23, 1919.
Application led May 9, 1918. Serial No'. 233,423.
The invention relates to prepared roofing and particularly to shingles and other roofing elements which are laid upon the roof in over-lapping relation. In order that these roofing elements may give satisfactory service it is important that they should at all times lay fiat upon the roof without the employment of fastening devices in their eX- posed portions. For this purpose it is required that the shingles or the like should be sufficiently stiff to prevent their exposed portions being lifted by the wind and that they should be of such permanently waterproof construction "as to effectively avoid warping or buckling even after long continued exposure to the weather. That is to say, if the waterproof character of the shingles is not retained the edges and adjacent` under portions of the exposed part of the shingles will thereafter be repeatedly damp and dry in alternation and warping or buckling may result. IIt is also desirable that these prepared roofing elements should be largely composed of fire-proof or slow burning materials.
The object of the invention is to provide a prepared roong shingle or like element which is of greatly improved quality, particularly as 4to its stiffness, waterproof and fire-resisting properties, its durability'and appearance.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view showing Aa shingle embodying the features of improvement provided by the invention 4with parts broken away to expose details of the several layers;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view wlth the thick ness of the shingle and its several. layers greatly exaggerated; and- Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 1 but shows a so called strip shingle embodying the features of improvement provided by the invention. The mastic core orbody layer is repre.
sentedat 1 6. In order that this layer may have the required stine'ss `wlthoutbeing made unduly thick it is' preferably formed with a large proportion of nely divided mert material and arelatively small pro- `portion of bituminous cementing material.
A mixture comprising ten per cent. by
' weight of asbestos fiber, fifteen per cent. by
weight of sharp sand and seventy-five per cent. by weight of silicious clay may be used in the proportion of about sixty-five per cent. by weight in the mastic compound, the remainder preferably comprising natural asphalts such as gilsonite, Trinidad asphalt and grahamite, mixed with oil to form a compound melting at about 250 F. and
A having a hardness represented by a reading of Aabout seventy on the penetrometer scale at a temperature of 77 F. This mastic is desirably worked at temperatures between 350 and 400 F. It will maintain substantial rigidity atsummer temperatures without becoming frangible in winter.
The fire-resisting properties of the shingle are improved if each of the fabric layers, represented at 1]."and 12, comprises an asbestos felt. For, this` purpose asbestos felt of loose texture is desirably employed. As it is preferred that the. fabric layers 11 and 12 should be of less thickness than the mastic layer 10, a felt weighing about ten pounds per square of 108 square feet may be emplloyed. This felt is rendered waterproof prior to its application to the mastic layer 10. In order that .the waterproof character of the felt 'may be permanent, -the waterproofing is accomplished by impregnating the felt with a dense asphaltic compound. For this purpose an asphalt mixture which is only semi-liquid at ordinary temperatures is preferable. Thorough impregnation of the felt with vthis dense asphaltic compound is'obtained 'by drawing the-felt through a. batch of the melted asphalt and then over and between heated rolls (not shown). `The finished saturated fabric should preferably comprise about sixty per cent. by weight of asbestos and forty per cent. by weight of the asphalt compound.
The saturated fabric layers 11, 12, may beassembled with the mastic core or body layer 10 in any convenient manner, as by susA drawing the sheets of asbestos felt between a pair of horizontal composing rolls (not shown) -`and maintaining a batch of the heated mastic between the sheets and rolls in accordance with the plan disclosed in Patent No. 302,938 issuedto W. H. Rankin, August 5, 18811.` While the thickness of the shingle as a Whole, and the relative thickness of its component layers may be varied in `accordance with the weight of the shingle desired and its adaptability for special use, it is proposed that the thick ness of the completed shingle will generally not greatly exceed that of prepared roofing shingles now in common use. It is also proposed that the mastic core or body layer 10 of the shingle may comprise about eighty per cent. of the total thickness, the fabric layers 11 and 12 being each about ten per cent.
The surface 13 of the shingle may be composed of grit, as usual. This is applied over an adhesive layer of asphalt' 14, in a well known manner.
The improved shingle has sufficient weight and stiffness to insure that its exposed portions, as 15, (Fig. 3) will not be raised by the wind, Furthermore, as the use of fugitive materials is avoided in waterproofing the fabric layers 11, 12, and these layers are protected by direct contact with the vmastic layer 10, warping and curling of the shingles are effectively preventedi When asbestos felt is employed for the fabric layers 11, 12, as described, the improved shingle also has substantial fire-resisting properties whereby it cannot be ignited by burning brands falling upon the roof nor will the shingles serve for the transmission of burning brands to adjacent buildings.
I claim as my invention:
1. sti non-frangible fire-resisting` shingle of laminated structure comprising an intermediate mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material and a layer of asbestos fabric impregnated with asphalt adhering to and covering the said mastic layer on each side of the same.
2. A stif' non-frangible fire-resisting shingle of laminated structure comprising a mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustiblea material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material and an outer layer of asbestos fabric impregnated with asphalt adhering to and covering the said body layer upon one side of the same.
3. A stiff non-frangible fire-resisting shingle of laminated structure comprising an intermediate mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material, a layer of asbestos fabric impregnated with asphalt adhering to and covering the said mastic layer on each side of the same, an adhesive 'layer of asphalt covering'one of the said 4. A stiff non-frangible shingle of laminated structure comprising a mastic body layer formed with approximately sixty-five per cent. by weight of finely divided incombustible material and thirty-five per cent. by weight of asphalt melting at about 2500 F. and a layer of asbestos felt impregnated with a dense asphaltic compound which is semi-fluid at ordinary temperatures adhering to and covering the said mastic layer upon one side of the same.
5. A stiff non-frangible shingle of laminated structure comprising a mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion of bituminous cementing material and a layer of asbestos felt impregnated with a dense asphaltic compound which is semi-fluid at ordinary temperatures adhering to and covering the said mastic layer upon one side of the same.
6. A fire resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising a plurality of sheets of arbestos felt each impregnated with an asphaltic water-proofing compound, an intermediate layer, comprising bituminous cementing material extending between and uniting the said sheets of asbestos felt, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the outer side of one of the said sheets of asbestos felt, and a layer of grit adhering to and covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.
7. A fire resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising a plurality of sheets of asbestos felt each impregnated with a dense asphaltic compound which is semi-Huid at ordinary temperatures, an i11- termediate layer comprising bituminous cementing material extending between and uniting the saidsheets of asbestos felt, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the outer side of one -of the said sheets of asbestos felt, and a layer of grit adheringto and covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.
8 A fire-resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising a sheet of asbestos felt impregnated with an asphaltic waterproofing compound, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the said sheet of asbestos felt upon one side of the same, and a layer of grit adhering to and covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.
HENRY R. VVARDELL.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3231453A (en) * 1959-06-08 1966-01-25 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Bituminous weathering sheet including continuous glass fibers and method of making same
US3340118A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-09-05 Thomas R Patterson Method of making building products and the like
US3998685A (en) * 1974-03-29 1976-12-21 The Celotex Corporation Apparatus and process for making an offset laminated roofing shingle and roofing shingle made thereby

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3231453A (en) * 1959-06-08 1966-01-25 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Bituminous weathering sheet including continuous glass fibers and method of making same
US3340118A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-09-05 Thomas R Patterson Method of making building products and the like
US3998685A (en) * 1974-03-29 1976-12-21 The Celotex Corporation Apparatus and process for making an offset laminated roofing shingle and roofing shingle made thereby

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