US1323798A - Circuit-interrupter. - Google Patents

Circuit-interrupter. Download PDF

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Publication number
US1323798A
US1323798A US21480518A US21480518A US1323798A US 1323798 A US1323798 A US 1323798A US 21480518 A US21480518 A US 21480518A US 21480518 A US21480518 A US 21480518A US 1323798 A US1323798 A US 1323798A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
armature
switch member
electromagnet
circuit
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US21480518A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John F Tritle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US15441D priority Critical patent/USRE15441E/en
Priority to BE334350D priority patent/BE334350A/xx
Priority to US21480518A priority patent/US1323798A/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of US1323798A publication Critical patent/US1323798A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to FR535470D priority patent/FR535470A/fr
Priority to DEI20565D priority patent/DE375318C/de
Priority to NL18735A priority patent/NL9104C/xx
Priority to FR30400D priority patent/FR30400E/fr
Priority to FR30754D priority patent/FR30754E/fr
Priority to FR31376D priority patent/FR31376E/fr
Priority to FR32877D priority patent/FR32877E/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/30—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature
    • H01H50/305—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature damping vibration due to functional movement of armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2472—Electromagnetic mechanisms with rotatable armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/06—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electromagnetic opening
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/08—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by reversal of DC

Definitions

  • My invention relates to electric switches and it has for its rincipal object the provision of improved means whereby electric circuits may be quickly interrupted. More specifically, my invention relates to an improved interrupter which will positively and quickly interrupt an electric circuit in response to a predetermined condition; such, for instance, as an overload on the circuit.
  • My invention is applicable generally where an electric circuit must be quickly interrupt ed although it has a particular utility in the protection of dynamo-electric machines from excessive rushes of current occasioned by abnormal conditions in the electric circuits in which the dynamo-electric machines are included. In the case of direct current machines, such excessive rushes of current are apt to cause flash-ovens at the commutators as well as damage the insulation of the machines.
  • interrupters without triggers, latches, and the like and to maintain the movable switch member closed by means of an clertromagnet having shunt and series coils differentially wound, the shunt coil normally maintaining the switch member in the closed position and the series coil acting in opposition so as to open the circuit in response to an overload.
  • interrupters have the great disadvantage that when there is a sudden heavy rush of current, such as a short circuit, a transformer effect is set up between the shunt and series coils so as to actually maintain the interrupter closed for an appreciable and dangerous length of time.
  • One of the objects of my invention is to eliminate this ob- Jectionable feature and in carrying my invention into effect I provide a holding magnet having a shunt coil and dispose the current-responsive means in such a manner that there is substantially no inductive etfect produced in the shunt coil due to a sudden change in current value, such as a short circuit.
  • the means responsive to the current may be a coil or the like, in the preferred form of my invention it is a conductor which is straight throughout its effective portion. This conductor is so disposed that the armature of the electromagnet which holds the switch member in the closed position is demagnetized without appreciably reducing or otherwise affecting the flux in main portion of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet.
  • I provide an inductive shunt around the conductor so that the current in the conductor will increase at a great 1' rate than the rate of increase in the ci icuit controlled by the interrupter.
  • Fi ure 1 shows one form of my invention in e evation and diagrammatic connections iwhereby theinterru ter will protect a dynamo-electric inachme from flash-over at the commutator;
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified diagram somewhat similar to Fig. 1, illustrating the feature of an inductive shunt around the current-responsive means, and
  • Fig. 3 is a detail elevation of a part of m interrupter showing the manner in which t e conductor for effecting a demagnetization of the armature of the" electromagnet is disposed in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet.
  • the generator G is protected from flash-over at the commutator by means of the interrupter 2' which is adapted to o n its switch contacts in response to a pre etermined current value and insert the resistance r in the generator circuit so asito very quickly reduce the current from the generator.
  • the quick action interrupter 2 is shown in the closed position and the member carrying this yieldiizgly ne small moment of inertia and thus'permit of being opened very quickly by the heavy spring 6 which moves the switch member to t e open position in response to a predetermined va no of current through the switchcontacts.
  • the shunt coil 7 is provided for settin up a substantially constant flux in the ho ding electromagnet 4.
  • This winding 7 may be energized from any suitable constant potential source and as shown in the drawing it is energiz'ed from the generator G.
  • the armature 5 is adapted to bridge the pole pieces 8 and 9 of the electromagnet and e held there against the bias of the spring 6 until this armature is demagnetized by the conductor 10 which is in series with the switch contacts 11 and 12 and thus responsive to the current through those contacts.
  • the conductor 10 is disposed in the air gap 13 which separates the poles 8 and 9 of the electromagnet, and the arrangement is such that this conductor is remotely disposed from the winding 7 of the electromagnet and adjacent to the armature 5.
  • the direction of the magneticflux set up by the conductor 10 is such that when the current through the switch contacts reaches a predetermined value, the path of the flux set up by the shunt winding 7 of the electromagnet is changed and is deflected to the left of the conductor through the air gap 13.
  • the flux of the electromagnet is crowded to the left through this shunt path around the armature 5, the total flux set u by the electromagnet remainin substantially unchanged in value, thus su stantially dema etizin the armature 5 and permitting t e switc member 3 to be moved quickly to the open position in accordance with the'bias exerted by the spring 6.
  • the contact 11 is madaas light as ossible consistent with the current require to be carried, and in fact, all of the parts of the switch member 3 are made as light as possible so that this switch member will have the smallest practicable moment of inertia to permit of a very quick acceleration in interrupting the circuit through the .switch contacts.
  • the movable contact 12, ivotally mounted on a stationary part of the interrupter is purposely made quite heavy so as to have a substantially greater moment of inertia than the switch member 3.
  • This contact 12 is biased toward the contact 11 by means of the spring 15, thereby giving a wiping action to the contacts'in closing.
  • the operation of my invention is as follows: Referrin to Figs. 1 and 2, the switch member 3 will be moved to the closed position, that shown in Fig. 1, by hand or by the pull of the magnet 16'. In closing, the contact 11 will engage the heavy movable contact 12 and cause it to turn on its pivot 17 against the bias of the spring 15, thereby giving a wiping action to the contacts. When the contacts close, the resistance r in the generator circuit is short circuited through a circuit including the conductor 10, flexible shunt 18, contacts 11 and 12, flexible shunt 19, and magnetic blowout coil 20.
  • the armature 5 secured to the switch member 3 will bridge the air gap 13 between the poles 8 and 9 of the electromagnet ⁇ and the switch member 3 will be held in this closed position against the bias of the spring 6 by reason of the magnetic attraction set up by the flux produced by the shunt winding 7 of the electromagnet. Although substantially the full generator current is flowing through the.
  • the flux set up by the wiinding 7 will not be afiected so as to diminish the pull of the electromagnet below that required to hold the armature 5 in the closed position.
  • the poles 8 and 9 of the electromagnet will be north and south les respectively and that the magnetic w irl or flux set up by the conductor 10 will cause a crowding of the lines of force through the air gap 13 to the left of the conductor 10 and away from the armature 5.
  • the switch member 3 will e accelerated very rapidl because of having a very small inertia e feet, but the contact 12 having a substan tially greater inertia eflect will not immediately follow the contact 11, even though it is biased toward the contact 11 by the spring 15. A very speedy interruption of the circuit is thus produced and the resistance 3 inserted in the generator. circuit before a flash-over can occur at the commutator.
  • the magnetic blow-out 20 operates to quickly disrupt any are that may tend to be formed at the contacts 11 and 12 in a manner well understood by those skilled in he art.
  • the interrupter will be more quickly responsive to sudden changes in current value than the arnan ment hown in Fig. 1, due to the inductlve shunt 16 and somewhat to the fact that the circuit including the conductor 10 is less inductive.
  • the closing winding 16 is energized to close the switch through the relay 21 which in turn is energized by preming the push button 22, providing the switch is open so that the contacts 23 are bridged by the member 24 which is operated by the witch member 3.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits, comprising a switch member biased to open position, an electromagnet for holding the same in closed position, and means whereby upon a change in the condition of said circuit 'from normal, the holding elfect of the flux of said magnet is decreased without mar terially afiecting its density to permit the switch member to interrupt the electric cirsuit.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a switch member biased to open position, an electromagnet for holding the same in closed position, and means whereb u 11 an increase in current in the circuit a ove a redetermined value, the holding effect of t e flux of saidmagnet is decreased without materially affecting its density to permit the switch member to interrupt the electric circuit.
  • switch member biased to the open position, a magnet and an armature cooperating therewith for holding the switch member in the closed position, and means responsive to predetermined conditions in the electric circuit for deflectin the magnetic flux of said holding ma et rom the armature so as to decrease t e holding effect of the magnet and permit the switch member to interruptthe electric circuit.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a swltch member biased to the open position, a magnet for holding the switch member in the closed position, and means responsive to predetermined conditions in the electric circuit for chan 'ng the path of the magnetic flux through t e magnet without materially changing the densit of said flux so as to decrease the holding e fect of the magnet on the switch member and ermit the switch member'to interrupt the e ectric circuit.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a swltch member biased to the open position, a magnet for holding the switch member in the closed position, and means responsive to abnormal circuit conditions for rendering a portion of the ma netic flux of said magnet ineffective to ho d the switch member in the closed position without materially changing in value the total flux of the magnet, thereby rmitting the switch member to move quichly to the open osition in accordance with its bias.
  • interrupter for electric circuits, comprising a switch member biased to the open position, a magnet having an armature for holding the switch member in the closed position, and means responsive to predetermined conditions in the electric circuit for shunting from the said armature a portion of the magnetic flux of the magnet without materially changing the flux density in the main portion of the magnet, thereby decreasing the holding effect on the armature and permitting the switch member to quickly in terrupt the electric circuit in accordance with its bias.
  • An interru ter for electric circuits comprising a switch memberbiased to the open position, an electromagnet having an armature for holding the switch member in the closed position, and means responsive to a predetermined value of current in the electric circuit located adjacent to the said armature and remotely from the winding of said electromagnet for deflectin the magnetic flux of the electromagnet rom said armature so as to substantially demagnetize the said armature and permit the switch member to interrupt the electric circuit in accordance with its bias.
  • An interru tor for electric circuits comprising a switch member biased to the open position, an electromagnet having an armature adapted to bridge the poles of the magnet and hold the switch member in the closed position, and means located in the air gap between the said les for deflecting the magnetic flux from t c said armature so as to substantially demagnetize the armature and permit the switchmember to open the electric circuit in accordance with its bias.
  • An interrupter for electric, circuits comprising a switch member biased the open position, an electromagnet having a winding located remotely from the poles of the ma et, an armature adapted to bridge the sai magnet poles and hold the switch member in the closed position, and means responsive to a predetermined value 9f current in the electric circuit located ad acent the said armature for deflecting the magnetic flux set up by the electromagnet away from the armature and through the air gap between the magnet poles so as to substantially demagnetize the armature without materially changing the density of the flux in the main'portion of the magnet and permit the switch member to quickly interrupt the electric circuit in accordance with its bias.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a switch member biased to the open position, an electroma at having an armature for holding the switch member in the closed position, the said armature normally held in contact with the poles of the electromagnet by the flux set u by the winding of the electromagnet, and means responsive to a redetermined value of current in the electric circuit for efl'ecting a quick 1nterruption of the electric circuit, the said means so located that the magnetomotive force set up thereby will demagnetize the said armature without materiall chan ing the total flux set up by the win ing 0 the electromagnet.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a switch member biased to the open position, an electromagnet having a winding located remotely from the oles of the magnet, an armature for holding the switch member in the closed position, the said armature normally held in contact with the said poles by the flux set up by the winding of the electroma et, and means disposed between the said poles responsive to a predetermined value of current in the electric circuit for demagnetizing the said armature without materially changing in value the total flux set up by the said winding so as to permit the switch member to move quickly to the open position in accordance with its bias.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a switch-member biased to the open position, an electroma et having a winding and an air gap in t e path of the flux set up by the winding disposed between the winding and one of the poles of the elec tromagnet, an armature for holding the switch member in jthe closed position, the said armature normally held in contact with the poles of the electromagnet by the flux set up by the said winding, and means disposed between the said poles responsive to a predetermined value of current in the electric circuit for dema etizing the said armature without materially changing in value the total flux set up by the'said winding so as to permit the switch member to move quickly to the open position in accordance with its bias.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a switch member biased to the open position, an electromagnet having an armature for holding the switch member in the closed position, the said armature normally held in contact with the poles of the electromagnet by the flux set up by the winding of the electromagnet, and means for offecting a quick interruption of the electric circuit responsively to the current in the electric circuit, comprising a straight conductor disposed between the poles of the electromagnct adjacent to the said armature for setting up a magnetomotive force to dema etize the said armature without materia y changing in value the flux set up by the winding 0 the electromagnet'.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a switch member biased to the open position, an electromagnet having an armature for holding the switch member in the closed position, the said armature normally held in contact with the poles of the electromagnet by the flux set up by the winding of the electromagnet, and means for effecting a quick interruption of the electric circuit responsively to the current in the electric circuit, comprising a straight conductor and an inductive shunt therefor, the said conductor being disposed between the poles of the electromagnet adjacent the said armature so as to set up a magnetomotive force to demagnetize the said armature without materially changin in value the flux set up by the winding 0 the electromagnet.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising two biased cooperating circuit making movable contacts, one of the contacts havin a greater moment of inertia than the 0 er, and means responsive to a predetermined value of current in the electric circuit for opening the electric circuit quickly due to the bias of one of the contacts and the inertia efiect of the other.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a pair of movable cooperating wiping contacts, the first of the contacts having a greater moment of inertia than the second,'means for biasing the first contact toward the second, means for biasing the second contact away from the first, means for holding the said contacts in engagement,
  • .and means responsive to a predetermined value of current through the contacts for effecting a quick separation of the contacts due to the bias of the second contact and the inertia effect of the first.
  • An interrupter for electric circuits comprising a movabl switch member biased to the open position, a movable contact member having a greater moment of inertia ada ted to be engaged by the contact of the sai switch member, an electromagnet and -an armature cooperating therewith for holding the said switch member in the closed position, and means responsive to a predetermined value of current in the electric circuit for efl'ecting a quick interruption of the electric circuit, the said means so located that the magnetomotive force set up thereby will demagnetize the said armature without materially cha 'ng in value the total flux set up by the winding of the electromagnet 18.
  • a movable switch member biased to the open position, a movable contact member having a greater moment of inertia than the switch member biased toward the switch member and adapted to make wiping engagement with the contact of the switch member, an electromagnet having an armature for holding the switch member in the closed position, the said armature normally held in contact with the poles of the electromagnet by the flux set up by the winding of the electromagnet, and means for effecting a quick interruption of the electric circuit responsively to the current in the electric circuit, comprising a straight conductor disposed between the poles of the electromagnet adjacent to the said armatur for setting up a magnetomotive force to demagnetize the said armature without materially changing in value the flux set up by the winding of the electromagnet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
US21480518A 1918-02-01 1918-02-01 Circuit-interrupter. Expired - Lifetime US1323798A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15441D USRE15441E (en) 1918-02-01 Circuit interrupter
BE334350D BE334350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1918-02-01
US21480518A US1323798A (en) 1918-02-01 1918-02-01 Circuit-interrupter.
FR535470D FR535470A (fr) 1918-02-01 1920-06-09 Perfectionnements aux disjoncteurs électriques
DEI20565D DE375318C (de) 1918-02-01 1920-07-11 Schnell wirkender UEberstromschalter
NL18735A NL9104C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1918-02-01 1921-03-26
FR30400D FR30400E (fr) 1918-02-01 1924-12-29 Perfectionnements aux disjoncteurs électriques
FR30754D FR30754E (fr) 1918-02-01 1924-12-31 Perfectionnements aux disjoncteurs électriques
FR31376D FR31376E (fr) 1918-02-01 1925-01-15 Perfectionnements aux disjoncteurs électriques
FR32877D FR32877E (fr) 1918-02-01 1926-05-15 Perfectionnements aux disjoncteurs électriques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21480518A US1323798A (en) 1918-02-01 1918-02-01 Circuit-interrupter.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1323798A true US1323798A (en) 1919-12-02

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ID=21985022

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15441D Expired USRE15441E (en) 1918-02-01 Circuit interrupter
US21480518A Expired - Lifetime US1323798A (en) 1918-02-01 1918-02-01 Circuit-interrupter.

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15441D Expired USRE15441E (en) 1918-02-01 Circuit interrupter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US1323798A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE334350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE375318C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (5) FR535470A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL9104C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3575636A (en) * 1968-01-02 1971-04-20 Brissonneau & Lotz Protecting device for rotating machines

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2755355A (en) * 1951-05-11 1956-07-17 Gen Electric High speed circuit breakers
US2673263A (en) * 1951-05-18 1954-03-23 Gen Electric Thermomagnetic electric relay

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3575636A (en) * 1968-01-02 1971-04-20 Brissonneau & Lotz Protecting device for rotating machines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR30400E (fr) 1926-05-07
FR32877E (fr) 1928-03-06
FR31376E (fr) 1927-01-28
BE334350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL9104C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1921-10-15
USRE15441E (en) 1922-08-29
DE375318C (de) 1923-05-12
FR535470A (fr) 1922-04-15
FR30754E (fr) 1926-08-23

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