US1319839A - Coke-o veh - Google Patents

Description

H. W. BUHLER.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED um. 13. 1911.

'1 19,839. Patented Oct. 28,1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

. /Z i/ /9- Z /9 Q R (a p ATTORNEY H. W. BUH'LER.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED JAN 13. 191:.

1 ,3 19,839. Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

. v v 2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

INVENTOR I ATT'OH/VEY PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY W. BUHLER, 0F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

COKE-011 EN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

. Applicatihn filed January 13, 1917. Serial No. 142,167.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, HENRY l/V. BUHLER, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Boston, county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coke-Ovens, (Case A,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to heating apparatus generally and is designed to produce uniform heating effects over the wall surfaces of combustion chambers of large dimensions. While my invention is capable of general application its most advantageous specific embodiment now known to me is found in its application to the heating of coke ovens.

Modern coking practice is tending more and more toward the employment of high coking chambers of ten or eleven feet or more in vertical dimension, and to heat these corspondingly high vertical flues are formed in the chamber walls. The even heating of these coking chambers so as to produce uniform coking conditions at all levels therein requires a lengthening of the flame of combustion in said flues so as to subject all portions of the flue walls to uniform heating efi'ects. Combustion is usually produced by introducing fluid fuel, such as gas, together with air through assageways in one of the flue walls (generally the lower wall or floor) and the streams of fuel and air so produced are projected upward through the flue or combustion chamber, being ignited by the heat of the walls and the combustion already going on in the flue. \Vith the ordinary form of single burner the combustion begins at or near the burner mouth and is completed within a comparatively restricted zone above said mouth so that no active generation of heat takes place'in the upper part of the flue.

' Consequently the heating of the upper zone of the adjacent oven or retort is only that caused by radiation from the gradually cooling gases of combustion, while the lower zone may be subjected to injurious overheating by the rapid, localized combustion taking place in the'lower part of the flues near the burner mouth.

I have discovered that the initial rapidity or activity. of combustion at and near the burner mouth can be decreased and the comletion of combustion delayed until the rising currents of fuel and air reach the upper portion of the flues, by causing the fuel to enter the flue at a plurality of points at widely varying distances from the air inlet instead of admitting all the fuel at one point as heretofore, through an" ordinary circular burner nozzle. The best form of apparatus at present known to me embodying my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a vertical cross section through a coke oven with parts broken away and others omitted.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. l, and

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing a modification.

Throughout the drawings like reference characters indicate like parts. 1, 1, represent the ovens or retorts to be heated, and 3, 3, the vertical heating flues or combustion chambers formed in the oven walls, 2, 2. Preferably the flues have a vertical dimension greatly in access of their horizontal dimensions, though their horizontal cross sections increase progressively upward as indicated by the terracing of their side walls at 19, 19. Access to, and observation of conditions in, the heating flue may be had through channel 17 in the top wall thereof, controlled by cover 18.

The fuel and air for combustion enter each flue 3, through passageways in one wall (usually the bottom wall or floor, as shown) and preferably, as shown, the axes of these passageways are parallel one to another and to the longest dimension of the flue. 12, 12, represent'chambers of air supply in which is maintained an atmospheric pressure greater than that in flues 3, 3. Usually this difference between atmospheric pressures is produced and maintained by chimney draft, but any equivalent means can be employed. The excess of pressure in 12, 12, however produced, forces air therefrom into flues 3, 3, through passageways 15, 15, and laterally extending branches 13, 13. In the inner portion of each passageway 15, which is of reduced diameter, is preferably located a removable nozzle 14, of highly refractory material which has a flanged outer end 20, resting in the outer portion of passageway 15, which is of larger diameter. The remainder of the passageway 15, is filled with plug 16, which has its inner end partly cut away at 21, so as to register with the mouth of branchpassageway l3, and

afford communication with the bore of nozzle 14. The air may of course be preheated by any usual method.

The fuel is introduced through the same wall as is the air, but at a plurality of points, as by a plurality of burners. I have shown two burners. The burner nearest the air inlet is composed of tube 6, and removable tip or nozzle 4:, located in passageway 8. The other is composed of tube 7, and re movable tip or nozzle 5, located in passageway 9. 10, and 11, are valves controlling the flow of gas through tubes 6, and 7, from gasometer 22, or other source of supply of fluid fuel under pressure. Tubes 6 and 7, may be made of iron or other cheap, strong material, while nozzles at and 5 are made of more highly refractory material such as fire brick. These nozzles do not project into the flue 3, but are withdrawn a. slight distance into passageways 8 and 9, being hooded thereby.

In operation streams of air and gas are projected into flues 3, 3, parallel to the longest dimensions thereof, and combustion by combination of the air with fuel from burner nozzle 4, nearest the air inlet, begins at or near the burner nozzle in each case. As the flames shoot upward the gas from the more remote burner nozzle 5, gradually mixes with the burning gases and feeds the flames, sustaining and continuing the combustion and prolonging the flames until the extreme upper zones of the fines are reached. The increasing cross sections of the upper flue zone due-to steps or terraces 19, 19, accommodate the expanding gases of combustion as the flames are fed by fuel supply from supplemental burner 5, in each flue.

The same general principle of operation may be conserved by substituting one long flat burner shown in Fig. 3for the plurality of circular burners shown in Fig. 2.

Combustion then begins in the lower zone at the edge of the flat ribbon of gas discharged into the flue adjacent to the air inlet and spreads progressively to the farther edge as the upper flue zones are reached.

The best results are, however, attained by having a plurality of separate fuel inlets arranged in an approximately straight line,

- and with the air inlet located at one end of that line. as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The advantages of my invention comprise (in addition to the extended Volume of the combustion zone) the prolongation of the life f the burners by sinking or hooding the tips thereof some distance within the orifices of the inlet passageways of the walls, whereby they are partly protected from the heat in the combustion chamber, the ease of access to, and removal of, the removable tips both for burners and air supply connections, and the clieapness and convenience of the interchangeable, unit system of air and fuel conduits and nozzles shown and described.

I wish it understood that various changes can be made in the, details of construction shown and described without departing from the substance of my invention so long as the general principles of operation and coaction of parts herein set forth are preserved.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In a heating apparatus the .combina* tion, with a combustion chamber, of an air inlet in one wall thereof, and a plurality of fuel inlets located on one side of the air inlet, all of said air and fuel inlets being arranged in a substantially straight line, and so as to discharge their contents in parallel directions, into the zone of combustion.

2. In a heating apparatus the combination, with a combustion flue of considerable depth relative to its horizontal dimensions, of an air inlet and a plurality of fuel inlets arranged in a substantially straight line at the bottom of the flue, the air inlet being at one end of the line.

3. In a heating apparatus the combination with a combustion fine of considerable depth relative to ll/S horizontal dimensions,

of an air inlet and a plurality of fuel inlets in the bottom of the flue, one of thefuel inlets being closer than another to the air inlet.

4. In a. heating apparatus the combination, with a combustion flue of considerable depth relative to its horizontal dimensions, of a vertical air inlet passageway entering the bottom of the flue near one side wall, and two vertical fuel inlets also in the bottom of the flue, one of which is much nearer than the other to the air inlet.

5. In a heating apparatus the combination, with a combustion chamber having one dimension longer than the other two dimensions, of an air inlet passageway through one wall the axis of which is substantially parallelto the longest dimension of the chamber, a plurality of fuel inlet passageways in said wall the axes of which are parallel to that of the air inlet passageway and which are located at different distances from the air inlet. and means for forcing streams of combustible fluid and of air through the respective passageways into the combustion chamber.

6. In a heating apparatus the combina tion, with a combustion chamber having one dimension longer than the other two dimensions, of an air inlet passageway through one wall the axis of which is substantially parallel to the longest dimension of the chamber, and means for forcing fluid fuel into the combustion chamber through the same wall at a plurality of points located at widely varying distances from the air inlet,

. movable nozzle in said passageway mainly- 7. In a heatin apparatus the combination, with a com ustion chamber having a straight main air inlet passageway in one wall with a laterally extending branch, of a plug for the outer portion of said main passageway having a partly cutaway portion at its inner end adapted to register with the mouth of the branch passageway when the alu is in osition and a removable nozzle,

adapted to rest in the inner end of the main passageway on the partly cutaway end of the plug.

8. In a heating apparatus the combination, with a combustion chamber having a straight main air inlet passageway in one wall of reduced diameter at and near the orifice and a laterally extending branch from the outer portion of larger diameter, of a relying in said portion of reduced diameter 20 but having a flanged end resting in the portion of larger diameter, anda plug filling the'remai nder of the passageway having a cutaway portion at its inner end registering with the mouth of the branch passageway 25 its lower portions.

HENRY w. BUHLER.

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