US1317619A - ke cew - Google Patents
ke cew Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1317619A US1317619A US1317619DA US1317619A US 1317619 A US1317619 A US 1317619A US 1317619D A US1317619D A US 1317619DA US 1317619 A US1317619 A US 1317619A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- water
- alkali
- sizing
- paper
- rosin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 36
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001376 precipitating Effects 0.000 description 8
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H Aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- IYJYQHRNMMNLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium aluminate Chemical compound [Na+].O=[Al-]=O IYJYQHRNMMNLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of paper stock in beaters or mixers, and particularly to a process for increasing the eliiciency of sizing results under conditions Where chemical impurities and the like tend to injuriously affect the sizing results.
- a particular application of the present invention is in the carrying out of sizing reactions in the presence of hard water or other chemical impurities, such as calcium chlorids. Under such conditions, a large proportion of the acid resinate of soda will be precipitated by the earth salts in the form of calcium or magnesium resinates, which have very slight sizing value because these precipitates are not colloidal in character and are dehydrated very readily in the drying process.
- the main purpose of the process involved in this invention is to prevent this reaction taking place between the earth salts in the water and the resinate so- 'lution added to the paper stock for the pur Specification of Letters Patent.
- This process may be carried out by using still more alkali but any increase over four pounds of NaOH to twenty thousand pounds of water begins to produce less efiicient sizing results, owing to the saponifying effect of the alkali upon the free rosin acids,
- a method of reducing the solubility of calcium salts in the water surrounding the .paper stock in the beating engine which consists in rendering this water slightly alkaline with soluble alkalis before adding thesizing solutions, then adding a resin size and finally precipitating with aluminum sulfate.
- a method of inhibiting the effect of hard water in the beating engine which consists in rendering the water which surrounds the paper stock slightly alkaline by means of a soluble alkali such as soda, potash or ammonia, then adding the rosin size, and finally precipitating same with sulfate of alumina.
- a method of sizing paper in a beating engine which consists in adding approximately one pound of soluble alkali to twenty thousand pounds of water, whereby any dissolved calcium or magnesium salts' present in the water Will not react with sodium resinate, then adding a resin size and finally precipitating it with aluminum sulfate.
- a method of treating water in which paper stock is mixed or beaten in a beating engine which consists in adding suificient water soluble alkali, such as caustic-soda, so that the concentration of sodium ions will retard or prevent chemical precipitation between dissolved earth salts and so1uble resinates.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Description
a beating engine. I the best sizing results are obtained from the JUDSON A. DE CEW, 0F MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.
PROCESS OF TREATING PAPER-SIZE.
No Drawing.
Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, having invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Treating Paper-Size, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.
This invention relates to the treatment of paper stock in beaters or mixers, and particularly to a process for increasing the eliiciency of sizing results under conditions Where chemical impurities and the like tend to injuriously affect the sizing results.
I have discovered by a great number of experiments that there is a certain chemical balance in rosin sizing reactions taking place in thewater surrounding the paper stock in Where rosin size is used,
use of acid resinates of soda, which are created by dissolving rosin in rosin soap and diluting this without decomposition, so that the unsaponified rosin is not free in a physical sense but is still in chemical equilibrium in the soap solution and can re-act in solution with other chemical salts.
A particular application of the present invention is in the carrying out of sizing reactions in the presence of hard water or other chemical impurities, such as calcium chlorids. Under such conditions, a large proportion of the acid resinate of soda will be precipitated by the earth salts in the form of calcium or magnesium resinates, which have very slight sizing value because these precipitates are not colloidal in character and are dehydrated very readily in the drying process. The main purpose of the process involved in this invention is to prevent this reaction taking place between the earth salts in the water and the resinate so- 'lution added to the paper stock for the pur Specification of Letters Patent.
I have determinedthis Patented Sept. 30, 1919.
- Application filed April 15, 1918. Serial 1 lo. 228,683.
ratio approximately both by laboratory test and by use in paper mill practice, and find that the amount of caustic soda or equivalent alkali necessary to add to hard water to prevent the formation of insoluble resinates With ordinary paper mill size is approximately one or two pounds of alkali as NaOH to twenty thousand pounds of water. The exact amount required of course depends on the hardness of the water, but it varies in practice from about one pound of alkali as a minimum to about four pounds as a maximum requirement.
This process may be carried out by using still more alkali but any increase over four pounds of NaOH to twenty thousand pounds of water begins to produce less efiicient sizing results, owing to the saponifying effect of the alkali upon the free rosin acids,
so that the commercial limits of obtaining the proper balance of reactions are approximately within the amounts specified. A partial result of this invention is shown in my U. S. patent application, Serial Number 17 2,- 035, filed May 31, 1917, in which sizing solutions are made containing both free rosin acids and -free alkali. Neither the purpose nor the results are, however, entirely fulfilled by the method described in said application, as there is an advantage in produc ing the alkalinity in the hard water of the beating engine before the size is added, thereby obtaining a much greater dilution before the free rosin acids and the free alkali come into contact.
In carrying out my process, I add to the water in which the paper stock is mixed in the beating engine approximately 1 lb. of alkali, calculated as NaOH. to 20,000 lbs. of water. This produces a faint alkalinity in the water, which can be recognized by means ofphenolphthalein or other indicators. Although this amount of alkali is insufiicient to effect saponification in the beater with the rosin acids of the sizing solution, yet the concentration of sodium if the calcium and magnesium salts were not present. As a. consequence the waterproofing qualities of the paper are not altered and more uniform sizing results are obtained. i
This process is of very great value because at the present time there are many paper making districts in which it is very difficult to obtain satisfactorysizing results, owing to the use of hard water in the paper mills. Moreover, it is a common practice to make white papers from paper stock con taining residues of bleaching solutions, such as calcium chlorid, and without any special treatment such as above described the Water resistance of the paper product will vary with the amount of these residues present and the injury which they do to the sizing material. The alkali which I prefer to use in this treatment is either sodium silicate, sodium aluminate or caustic soda. The alkalis of potash and ammonia can also be used but are more expensive and do not produce any better results. Alkaline carbonates can also be used but the caustic alkalis appear from experiments to be more effective for the purpose required.
Havingthus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A method of incorporating rosin size into paper stock in heaters or mixers without having it coagulated by earth salts which may exist in solution, which consists in adding a sufficient quantity of alkali so that the concentration of the basic ions will prevent the formation of earth resinates, then adding a resin size and finally precipitating with aluminum sulfate.
2. A method of reducing the solubility of calcium salts in the water surrounding the .paper stock in the beating engine, which consists in rendering this water slightly alkaline with soluble alkalis before adding thesizing solutions, then adding a resin size and finally precipitating with aluminum sulfate.
' 3. A method of inhibiting the effect of hard water in the beating engine, which consists in rendering the water which surrounds the paper stock slightly alkaline by means of a soluble alkali such as soda, potash or ammonia, then adding the rosin size, and finally precipitating same with sulfate of alumina.
4:. A method of sizing paper in a beating engine, which consists in adding approximately one pound of soluble alkali to twenty thousand pounds of water, whereby any dissolved calcium or magnesium salts' present in the water Will not react with sodium resinate, then adding a resin size and finally precipitating it with aluminum sulfate.
5. A method of treating water in which paper stock is mixed or beaten in a beating engine, which consists in adding suificient water soluble alkali, such as caustic-soda, so that the concentration of sodium ions will retard or prevent chemical precipitation between dissolved earth salts and so1uble resinates.
6. A method of treating water in which paper stock is mixed in the beating engine with approximately one pound of soluble alkali, such as soda, potash or ammonia, 'to twenty thousand pounds of Water before the sizing solutions are added.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.
' JUDSON A. DE CEW.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1317619A true US1317619A (en) | 1919-09-30 |
Family
ID=3385099
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1317619D Expired - Lifetime US1317619A (en) | ke cew |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1317619A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2711371A (en) * | 1954-04-12 | 1955-06-21 | American Cyanamid Co | Sized, filled paper manufacture |
-
0
- US US1317619D patent/US1317619A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2711371A (en) * | 1954-04-12 | 1955-06-21 | American Cyanamid Co | Sized, filled paper manufacture |
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