US1313634A - Ntternal-combttstioij - Google Patents

Description

F. JAYNE.

GDMBUSTION ENGINE.

INTERNAL Patened Aug. 19, 1919.

i. IAYNE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 24;`I9I7.`

L 3 l 3 6 3 4 1; I, Patented Aug. 19, 1919.

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I IIIIIIII I" II l. JAYNE.

INTERNAL CoMBusTloN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24| i917.

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IRVNG JAYNE, OF EDWALLMWASHINGTON.

INTERNAL-COIVKIBUS'IIGLQl ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 19, 1919.

Application filed November 24, 1917. Serial No. 203.839.

To all ori/"tom if may Concern.'

Be it known that l, IRS/'ENG JAYNE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Edwall, in the county of Lincoln and State of Vashington, have invented certain rnew and useful improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved internal combustion engine and has as its primary object to provide a construction wherein the engine will be iired at opposite sides of the piston and will thus be double acting to consequently develop a correspondingly increased power with but sli ht increase in constructional cost and weig it.

The invention has as a further object to provide an engine of the type albove set forth wherein the use of a piston rod and packing gland therefor will be eliminated and wherein the connecting rods for the pistons will be attached to opposite sides thereof so that the stationary abutment for the piston may be employed as a mounting ,for the intake and exhaust valves for the firing chamber of the engine at the inner side of the piston as well as to receive the intake and exhaust pipes leading from the said chamber.

The invention has as a further object to provide a construction wherein by mounting the connectingr rods at opposite sides ofthe piston, the several cranks of the crank shaft of an engine having more than one cylinder will be disposed adjacent each other to conscquently distribute the weight of the pistons to the crank shaft accordingly and wherein a bearing will be provided beneath each pi ton to consequently reduce vibration to a m'nimum and provide a smooth running high speed engine.

And the invention has as a still further object lo provide a construction wherein the stationyiry abutment for the piston will loe water cooled and connected with the water jacket of the working cylinder of the engine s that water introduced into the said abutmrent will circulate through the said jacket'.

Otllier and incidental objects will appear the description proceeds. In the drawings wherein I have iluustrated the preferred embodiment of the invention and wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of my irnproved engine showing the piston at the top of its stroke,

Fig. 2 is a similar view taken on the line Q-2 of Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows, this view particularly illustra-ting the mounting of the intake and exhaust valves for the firing chamber at the inner side of the piston,

Fig. 3 is-a view similar to Fig. 1 and Showing the piston at the bottom of its stroke,

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1 andparticularly Showing the intake and exhaust valves for the firing chamber at the outer Side of the piston.

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional View taken on the line of Fig. 1 and showing the trunnions carried by the piston to receive the connecting "rods from the crank shaft, and y Fig. 6 is a :fragmentary sectional view showing the manner in which the working cylinder of the engine is formed with slots to receive the trunnions of thev piston.

ln carrying out the invention, my im.- proved engine is formed with a crank case 10 upon which is mounted a working cylinder 11, the casting of'which is formed, at its lower extremity, with the upper section 12 of the crank case. The crank case is, as particularly shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5 of the drawings, off set upon one side thereof as Shown. at'la. Journalcd through the crank case at the junction of the sections thereof, is a crank shaft 1-1 having suitable cranks 15. Rising from the bottom of the crank case is a bearing- 1G which receives and supports the crank shaft between the said cranks and extending upwardly from this bearing is a post 17 arranged axially of the working cylinder 11 and carrying at its upperend a hollow stationary abutment 18 disposed concentrically within the lower eX- tremity of the said cylinder. Preferably the bearing 16, post 17 and abutment 18 form `anl integra] structure.Y Snugly surrounding the abutment 18 and mounted to reciprocate within the working cylinder 11 is a hollow piston 19 formed upon opposite sides thereof, at its lower extremity, with lateral trunnions 20. These trunnions are received through vertical Slots 21 formed in opposite sides of the cylinder 11 and at their inner extremities are formed with squared bosses 22 to ride within the said slots for guiding the piston 1n its vertical movement and holding the said piston againstrotation. As particularly shown in Fig. G of the'drawings, the trunnions 20 are carried Iby suitable ears or extensions 23 extending downwardly from the lower edge of the piston at opposite sides thereof and, as also best shown in this figure, the cylinder 11 is-formed with similar extensions 24 at the slots 21 for receiving the trunnions 2O when the piston is shifted' downwardly to the limit of its stroke. Journaled upon the trunnions 20 are connecting rods 25.which are secured to the cranks 15 of the` crank shaft. These rods are, as particularly shown in Fig. 5, received within suitable of set housings or channels 26 upon opposite sides of the cylinder 11 and operatively connect the piston with the crank shaft for driving the said shaft.

In connection withthe arrangement of the connecting rods 25, it is desired to direct attention at this point to the fact that in thus mounting the said rods at opposite sides of the piston, the stationary abutment is, as shall presently appear, left intact to receive the intake and exhaust valves for the firing chamber at the inner side of the' piston as well as the intake and exhaust pipes for the said chamber while the use of a piston rod andA packing gland therefor is eliminated. Furthermore, it will foe noted that in thus mounting the connecting rods, the cranks of the crank shaft, in any instance where the engine was formed with more than one cylinder, would be disposed relatively close together and the several y connecting rods from the pistons of the engine cylinders 'vould accordingly also be spaced relatively close together at their points of connection with the crank shaft.

` The weight of the pistons would, therefore,

be centralized upon the crank shaft at,

spaced points longitudinally thereof and at each of such points one of the bearings 16 provided would be disposed for rigidly supporting the crank shaft at the said points respectively. Vibration incident to the reciprocation of the engine pistons would consequently be materially reduced and the engine thus adapted for high speed work.

Surrounding the working cylinder 11 is a water jacket 27 `and leading from the lower extremity of this jacket, at one side thereof, is a pi-pe 2 8 which is carried into the crank case 10 preferably at the junction of the sec-l tions thereof, as shown in Fig. 1, and is thence directed upwardly into the lixed abutment 18 to terminate adjacent the upper end of said abutment. Leading from the bottom of the abutment is a pipe 29 which is carried through the crank case 10 at the sides thereof opposite the pipe 28 and, as inthe instance of this pipe, the pipe 29 is also preferably fitted through the crank case at the into the jacket 27, from whence the water will be discharged out through the pipe 30. The working cylinder 11 will consequently be efcctually cooled as will also the station- -ary abutment, and in this connection it will be observed that since the inner end of the pipe 28 is carried to a point adjacent the upper end of the said abutment, air cannot trap within the abutment to prevent the said abutment from becoming completely filled with water. A i

As will now be seen, a firing chamber 30 is provided at the outer side of the piston while a similar firing chamber 31 is provided at the inner side of the said piston. The working cylinder is, at its upper extremity, formed 4with overhanging valve chambers above the off-Set 13 of the crank case and mounted within the said valve chambers are intake andl exhaust valves 32l and 33 normally closing the intake and exhaust ports for the firing chamber 30. Com- 9 municating with the said valve chambers respectively are intake and exhaust pipes 34C and 35. As will now be best observed upon reference to Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings, the rods of the valves 32 and 33 are elon- 100 gated to extend through the olf-set 13 of the crank case and, at their lower extremities, are arranged to coperate with a cam shaft 36 upon which are arranged suitable cams for opening the said valves. Com- 105 municating with the firing chamber 30, at its upper end, is a suitable spark plug 37.

Entering through the crank case 10 at the joint between the sections thereof and arranged upon opposite sides of they pipe 29 116 are intake and exhaust pipes 38 and 39 respectively, for the firing chamber 31. The pipes 38' and 39 extend within the crank case eneath the stationary abutment 18 and are thence, as particularly shown in Fig. 2 of 115 theJ drawings, directed upwardly through the said abutment at opposite sides of the post 17. -At its upper end, the abutment is formed with intake and exhaust ports communicating with the said pipes and opening 120 into the firing chamber 31,. and normally closing the ports are intake and exhaust valves 40 and 41 respectively adapted to seat in the upper end wall of the said abutment.' The valves 40 and all are arranged 125 y angles therein. Swingingly mounted upon one side wall of the crank case opposite 'the lower ends of the rods of the valves Ll0 and il are bell crank levers l2 and i3 respectively. The uppermost arms of these levers project horizontally within the crank case and are pivotally connected to the lower ends of the said valve rods while the other arms of the said levers extend downwardly within the crank case adjacent the inner side of the cam shaft 36. Connected to the vhorizontal arms of the levers and suitablyv engaged with the post 17, are springs il acting upon the said levers to normally close the valves 40 and 4l. For opening the said valves, the cam shaft 36 is formed with suitable Canis which are arranged to eoperate with the vertical -arn'is of the levers confronting the said shaft, Thus, it will be seen that the Acam shaft 36 will not only control the valves l() and 4i but will also control the valves 32 and 33.

Formed through the upper extremity of the. piston 19 at one side thereof is a tiring port 45 for the firing chamber 3i and surrounding the piston at each side. of the. said port are piston rings 4G so that a charge within the chamber 31 cannot escape into the chamber 30. rl`he stationary abutment i8 is, at its upper extremity, also equipped with` a plurality of similar piston rings 47, Fitted through the wall of the working cylinder il upon one side thereof and at a point substantially midway oi the end of the said cylinder is a suitable spark plug 48 and, as will be observed upon reference s to Fig. 3 oit the drawings, the port l5 of the piston arranged to move into register with this plug when the piston is.l shifted downwardly to the limit of its stroke.

in operation, it is intended that a charge will be red 'within the chamber B0 upon every other down-stroke of the' piston while a charge will he tired within the chamber 31 upon every other 11p-stroke of the piston'. ssumiin;r the piston to be at the top of its stroke, as shown in Fig. l, a charge is tired within the chamber 30 when the piston will be driven downwardly to rotate the crahk shaft. At the same time, the proper cam upon the shalt 3G will swing the bell crank lever 43, shown in llig. 2, for immediately opening the exhaust valve il oi the chamber 3l. As the piston moves downwardly, this 'chamber will be Cleaned through the exhaust pipe 39. Upon the upward movement of the, piston, the proper cam uponthe shaft 36 will swing the bell crank lever 42, when the intake valve 40 to the chamber 31 will be imniediately opened. Thus, as the piston moves upwardly, a. charge oi.' fuel mixture will be drawn intothis chamber through the pipe `38. At the same time, the proper, cam` upon the shaft 3S will be shifted to engage the rod of the exhaust valve 33 of the chamber 30 and open the said exhaust valve so that when the piston is thus shifted upwardly, the chamber 30 will be cleaned through the exhaustpipe 35. Then the piston then again moves downwardly, both of the valves 40 and 41 will he closed so that the charge within the chamber 3l will be compressed. At the.` same time, the proper cam upon the shaft 36 will open the intake valve 32 0i the chamber 30 so that a charge of fuel mixture will be drawn into the said chamber through Jfhe pipe 3l. Downward movement of the piston to the limitl of its stroke will then bring the port 45 of the piston into register with the spark plug 4:8 so that the compressed charge within the chamber 3l will be iired 'to drive the piston upwardly. Coincident with the upward movement of the piston, the intake valve 32 would. be closed and 'the charge drawn into the chamber 30 would be compressed therein by the piston. Consequently,

when the piston again started downwardly, such compressed charge in the chamber 30 would be tired and the proper calin upon the shaft 36 `would swing the `bell crank lever 43, for opening the exhaust valve 4l of the chamber 3l so that this chamber would he cleaned by the piston. Thus, it will' be seen that my improved engine will be double acting in its operation to consequently develop a. corresponding increase in power. At the same time, this result is attained with but slight increase in the weight of the engine, as compared with an engine of the single acting type. Furthermore, it will be noted that my improved engine is characterized by structural simplicity so that but slight increase, as compared with an engine of the single acting type, will be involved in the cost of construction.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as lnew is:

1. In engine construction, a working cylinder, a hollow stationary abutment therein, a piston'mounted to slide over the abutment within the said cylinder, tiring chambers at opposite sides of saidlpiston, intake and exhaust ports for one 0i' said chambers, means for opening and closing said ports, intake and exhaust ports for the other of said chambers opening through' the abutment, intake and exhaust pipes leading through the abutment and communicating with said last mentioned ports, means carried by the abutment for opening and closing the said last mentioned ports, and means for supplying` a cooling fluid within the almtment around said pipes to contact therewith.

2. ln engine construction, acrankj case, a crank shaft journaled therethrough, a bearing rising from the crank case and snpporting the said shaiiv,` a working cylinder. carried by the crank case, t post rising from the said hearing, a stationary abutment supported by the said post within the Working cylinder, a piston mounted to slide over the said abutment Within the said Cylinder and Connected with the crank shaft, firing Chambers at opposite sides of said piston and provided with intake and exhaust ports, and means for opening and closing said ports.

3. In engine construction, a Working cylinder, L hollow stationary abutment therein, a 'piston mounted to slide over the abutment Within said cylinder, firing ychambers atopposite sides of the piston, intake and exhaust ports for yone of 'said chambers,

through the abutment and e0mmunicating with said last mentioned ports, means Carred by the a'hutment for opening and e1osing said last mentioned ports and extending within said pipes, and means for introducing a Cooling Huid into the interior proper of the abutment to Contact with said pipes.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature..

IRVING JAYNE. [L s.]

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