US1312910A

US1312910A - Aeroplane structure

Info

Publication number: US1312910A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1919-08-12
Anticipated expiration: 1936-08-12

Description

A. S.' IANIN.

' AEROPLANE STRUCTURE.

. APPLICATION FILED lULY 31.1913. 4 Q 1 1,312,910. 4 Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

2 SHEETSV-SHEET- l.

.319 6"; "4 A y l g A WITNESSES: Q3 .mvmroh (9M W2 @Q MIME? 1 A. s. mum. AEROPLANE STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3h 19l3- Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEETcE.

ALBERT S. JANIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T THE J'ANIN 00., INCL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

AEROPLANE STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

Application filed Ju1y31, 1918. SeriaINo. 782,235.

,citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Aeroplane Structures, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improve-- ments in that class .of aeroplane structures, commonly termed hydroaeroplanes, which are particularly designed and adapted for interchangeable use either for travel over the water or for aerial flight, and the object of the invention is to provide a device of this general character of a simple and comparatively inexpensive nature, and of a light, strong and substantial construction having certain features of novelty and improvement calculated to impart great stability to the device so as to lessen the liability of capsizing during travel over water, and to facilitate rising from the water for aerial flight as well as to facilitate steerin of the craft during its travel both over th through the air.

The invention consists in certain novel features of the construction, and combinations and arrangements of the various parts of the improved aeroplane structure, whereby certain important advantages are attained, and the device is rendered simpler, stronger and otherwise better adapted and more convenient for use, all as will be hereinafter fully set forth.

The novel features of the invention will be carefully defined in the claims.

In order that my improvements may be the better understood, I will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a perspective view showing an aeroplane structure comprising my improvements as the same appears when traversing the water;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the structure as seen in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the device as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail View showing a feature of construction of the steering means comprised in my invention, and

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional detail view showing certain features of construction of the stabilizing floats comprised in my present invention.

e water and.

In .these views have illustrated the embodiment of my lmprovements in an aeroplane structure of the well known bi-plane type, but while the invention is well adapted for use in such structures I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to this special application of my improvements exclusively, since it will be evident that the invention may also be applied with equally good results, to other styles or types of aeroplane structures.

As herein shown the improved aeroplane structure is provided with a body portion 1 of elongated formation, and which may be produced with convenience from aluminium or other light and strong material in the shape of the hull of a boat, its forward or how end portion 2 being tapered and rounded to lessen the resistance of the air and water to its passage therethrough and its rear or stern end portion 3 being also tapered and formed upon such lines as may seem best adapted for facilitating management and the attainment of high speed,

' while its central or amidships portion is provided with a seat 5 for the operator, ad acent to which a motor of any preferred type is mounted for use in driving the propelling means as will be hereinafter explained. have herein shown the underside of the bow end of the hull-like body portion reinforced exteriorly b longitudinally directed spaced cleats or strips 7, 7, adapted to impart strength and to prevent the bow from being so readily stove in.

32, 32 represent elevating planes positioned at opposite sides of the rear or stern end portion of the hull-like body portion and fixedly connected with the opposite extremities of a rock shaft 33, which is extended transversely across the rear part of the body portion and is provided within the hull, with means of any preferred construction, and which I have not deemed it necessary to illustrate in detail herein, whereby said shaft may be turned or rocked conveniently from a position adjacent to the operators seat, in order that the

planes

32, 32 may be adjusted to desired angular positions.

39, 39 represent the aerial supporting or sustaining planes which are laterally directed-tone above the other from and beyond the opposite lateral sides of the amidships part of the body portion, so as to be operable for sustaining the structure during its flight throu h the air, and for assistance in balancing the same during its travel over or through the water, and 66, 66 represent aerial propellers supported for turning movement upon the to the rear edge portions thereof, said propellers being mounted upon shafts 66*, 66 driven by gearing or the like from upwardly directed

shafts

68, 68 which in their turn are driven from the motor in the hull-like body portion.

The outer parts of said aerial supporting or sustaining

planes

39, 39, at opposite sides of the structure, are also rovided with flexible wing-tips or

sections

70, 70 held in position thereupon by suitable hinges, and cords or equivalent flexible connections are provided, extended from said wing-tips or sections 70,-70, alon the

planes

39, 39 to a point upon the b0 y portion adjacent to the operators seat, for use in controllably operating said wing-tips or sections in such manner as may be requisite for balancing the structure during flight or when it is desired to turn the same.

In the construction herein shown, the 1nner ends of these flexible cords or

connections

71, 71 are coupled to the rear part of a steering member or lever 28 in such a manner that when the same is moved laterally of the hull-like body portion, such movement will serve. for controlling the flexure of said wing-tips or

sections

70, 70. The steering member 28 is supported upon a umversal joint as indicated at 72 in order to facilitate convenient movement thereof in lateral directions for controlling the wing; tips in the manner above set forth.

The steering member 28- is also operatively connected with another cord or' flexi-- ble connector 73 which in the structure herein illustrated is passed around a. drum upon said member 28 and has its ends extended thence rearwardly along the hull-like body portion, at the stern end portion of which said ends have connection with a tiller 74, which controls the lateral movement of a perpendicular rudder 75, operable to assist in controlling the lateral movement of the craft during aerial flight or while traversing the water. By this means it will be evident that the wing-tips may'be operated conjointly with the perpendicular rudder, since it will be seen that lateral movement may readily be imparted to the member 28 while the same is being turned to operate the perpendicular rudder.

As shown herein, the supporting or sustaining

planes

39, 39 are positioned at some elevation above thehull-like body portion, so as to be above the water surface when the craft is traveling through thewater, and in order to assist in balancing or stabilizing the structure during its travel through the

water planes

39, 39, adjacent I have shown the opposite sides of the l1 ul.l.-

like body portion provided with buoyant balancing or stabilizing members 76, supported at opposite sides thereof, and in inclined positions somewhat above the bottom of said body portion by means of Outriggers 77, 77, in such a manner as to assist very materially in trimming or balancing the craft during its passage over or through the water. The inclinations at which these

buoyant members

76, 76 are supported are such that their lower surfaces are inclined downwardly and rearwardly so as to be adapted to be acted upon by the water during the rapid travel of the craft over or through the same, in order to assist in imparting stability to the structure during use.

The employment of the hull-like body portion afiords a reliable support for the aeroplane structure, andpermits the same to be operated for rising from the water for aerial flight with great facility, while the aerial propellers permit the device to be driven over the water with particular advantage, and the employment of the

buoyant members

76, 76, at opposite sides of the hulllike body portion, together with the flexible wing-tips and the perpendicular rudder assures e ective control and management of the craft either when traversing the air or traveling over the water.

I have also shown herein the employment of means whereby when desired, the

buoyant members

76, 76 may be adjusted toward or away from the sides of the hull-like body portion. This is illustrated particularly in Fig. 5, wherein one of the members 76 and its adjusting means is shown, the

outriggeis

77, 77 being pivotally mounted upon the side of the hull-like body portion as indicated at 117, and one of them being provided with an inward extension 116 which is coupled to the upper end portion of a lever 121 fulcrumed at 126 at the side of the body portion 1 so as to be adapted to be conveniently actuated by the operator at the seat 5, for efiecting the desired adjustment of said members 76. When the balancing member 76 is in adjusted position either extended outward away fromthe hull-like body portlon oragainst the side thereof, the lever 121 Is engaged against movement by the locking mechanism 122, which may be similar in construction to the locking member shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18 of my co-pendfor travel over or through the water, and it, will also be obvious from the foregoing decription that the device is susceptible of some modification without material departure from the principles and spirit of the invention, and for this reason I do not desire to be understoodas limiting myself to the precise form and arrangement of the several parts herein set forth, in carrying out my invention in practice.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1-. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like body portion adapted to traverse the water, and except for the aeroplane lift adapted to be substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the body portion is in contact with the water, planes extended from opposite sides of said body portion having movable parts and operable to susta n the structure during aerial flight and to assist in balancing the same during travel over the water, driven propelling means, and buoyant bodies extended at opposite sides of the body portion operable by contact with the water to assist in balancing the structure.

2. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like body portion adapted to traverse the water, buoyant bodies extended at opposite sides of the body portion to balance the same during travel over the water, means capable of operation to move such buoyant bodies toward and away from the hull-like body portion upon a vertical axis, planes extended from the body ortion to sustain the same during flight, and propelling means for the body portion.

3. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like body portion provided with aerial sustaining and propelling means and adapted to traverse the water and air, buoyant bodies at the opposite sides of the body portion operable to balance the same during its travel through the water, and outrigger-s extended from the body portion affording inflexible vertically pivoted connections between the same and said buoy ant bodies.

4. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like body portion adapted to traverse the water and provided with aerial sustaining and propelling means, buoyant bodies at opposite sides of the hulllike body portion operable to balance the same when in the water, Outriggers extended from the hull-like body portion affording inflexible vertically pivoted connections between the same and said buoyant bodies, and means for moving said buoyant bodies toward and from the hull-like body portion.

5. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like body portion other of said buoyant bodies.

6; A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like body portion adapted to traverse the water and provided with aerial sustaining means and propellin means, buoyant bodies at opposite sides 0% the hull-like body portion operable to balance the same when in the water, and outriggers extended from the hull-like body portion, having adjustable vertically pivoted connection therewith and affording inflexible con-' nections between said hull-like body portion and the respective buoyant bodies operable to move the latter toward and from the hulllike body portion during adjustment of said Outriggers.

7. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like body portion adapted to traverse the water and provided with aerial sustaining means and propellin means, buoyant bodies at opposite sides 0 the hull-like body portion operable to balance the same when in the water, Outriggers extended from the hull-like body portion having adjustable vertically pivoted connection therewith and affording inflexible connections between said hull-like body portion and the res ective buoyant bodies, and means for ad uSting the Outriggers operable to move said buoyant bodies toward and away from the buoyant hull-like body por- .tion.

provided with surfaces inclined downwardly.

and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, and means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difi'erence of air lift.

9. A heavier-than-air flying machine having an aeroplane, and a water-borne structure adapted'except for the aeroplane lift to be substantially the entire supporting elementof the machine at all speeds on the water, said machine having in the direction of 5 each lateral end thereof a surface extending toward the water and adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water as the machine loses its lateral equilibrium.

10. A heavier-than-air flying machine adapted to rise from the water by its own power comprising an aeroplane, a boat like structure below said aeroplane constituting the main supporting element except for the aeroplane lift when the machine 1s in contact with the water and a float of relatively small supporting power, below and at each side of the aeroplane, and means under the control of the operator to vary the position of said floats at will.

11. A heavier-than-air flying machine adapted to rise from the water by its own power comprising an aeroplane, a boat like structure below said aeroplane constituting substantially the entire support except for the aeroplane lift when in contact with the water, and a float below and at each side of the aeroplane, and means under the control of the operator to vary the position of said floats at will, and each of said floats having a surface extending downwardly toward the water.

12. A hydro-aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the air to exert a lifting efi'ect, floating means below the same adapted to support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entire supporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contact with the water, a hydro-surface in the direction of each lateral end of the aeroplane and extending toward the water when the machine is in equilibrium and moving slowly, said hydro-surfaces being so arranged that when the machine is traveling at full speed, said hydro-surfaces are substantially out of the water but adapted to engage the water but through the lifting effect of the rush of water against either of said surfaces, automatically to balance the machine when either side thereof becomes depressed, said surfaces being of slight supporting power compared with that of said floating means.

13. A hydro-aerb machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adapted to support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entire supporting element .so long as the machine is traveling in contact with the water, a float, and extending below it a hydro-surface in the direction of 65 each lateral end of the machine, said hydroengage the water and, through t e lift effect of the rush of water against said surfaces, automatically to balance the machine when either side thereof becomes depressed, said surfaces being of slight supporting power compared with that of said floating means. I

14:. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adapted to support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entire SHPPOI'tiIlg element so lon as the machine is traveling in contact with the water, a surface at a positive angle of incidence to the water in the direction of each lateral end of the machine, said surfaces being so arranged that when the machine is traveling at full speed in contact with the water said surfaces are substantially out of the water but adapted to engage the water and through the lifting effect of the rush of water against said surfaces, automatically to balance the machine when either side thereof becomes depressed.

15. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adapted to support the whole machine when at rest on the water and except for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entire supporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contact with the water, a relatively small float provided with a hydro-surface at each side of the machine, and adapted to automatically balance the machine when either side becomes depressed.

16. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane and a main water borne structure adapted to travel in contact with and be supported by the water and substantially the entire water support at all speeds upon the water, an inclined hydro-surface in the direction of each lateral end of the aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the rush of water, and a movable air surface at each side under control of the operator to create a difference of air lift whereby the operator may depress either side of the machine when traveling in contact with the water and thereby force the hydro-surface on that side deeper into the water to create a drag on that side of the machine to aid in steering the same, and correspondingly raise the hydro-surface on the elevated side so that it is substantially out of the water before the wing tip on the depressed side comes in contact with water.

17. In a machine of the character described, an aeroplane adapted to sup ort the whole machine in the air, lateral sta ilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, a buoyant structure adapted to support the entire machine when at rest on the water and except for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the sole supporting element so long as said machine is traveling in contact with the water, said buoyant structure having an upwardly-inclined forward hydro-surface acted on by the rush of water and a substantially flat bottom, said aeroplane being so attached to said buoyant structure that when it is speeding in contact with the water said aeroplane is maintained at substantially a flying angle of incidence, whereby the machine rises to the top of the water and the head resistance of the water is decreased, and a propeller operating on the air to drive the whole machine forward until the air lift on said aero plane raises the machine out of the water.

18. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adapted to support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entire supporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contact with the water, a relatively small buoyant float underneath and in the direction of each lateral end of the machine and of slight supporting power compared with that of said floating means, each of said floats having a surface inclined downwardly and rearwardly toward the water and adapted to be acted on by the rush of water, said floats being so arranged that when the machine is traveling at full speed in contact with the water they are substantially out of the water but adapted to exert a lifting ef fect if either side of the machine becomes unduly depressed.

19. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the air to exert a lifting efl'ect, floating means below the same adapted to support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entire supporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contact with the water, a hydro-surface in the direction of each lateral end of the machine and extending down toward the water but terminating above the lower surface of said floating means, said hydro-surfaces being 50 arranged that when the machine is traveling at full speed in contact with the water said hydro-surfaces are substantially out of the water but adapted to engage the water and,

through the lifting effect of the rush of water against said surfaces, automatically to balance the machine when either side thereof becomes depressed, said surfaces being of slight supporting power compared with that of said floating means. 1

20. Aheavier-than-air flying machine having an aeroplane surface and a centralized water-borne structure adapted to support the machine on the water and except for the aero lift being substantially the entire support at all speeds, said machine having in the direction of each lateral end thereof a downwardly andrearwardly inclined narrow hydro-surface extending toward the water and adapted to be acted upon by the rush of the water as the machine loses its equilibrium.

21. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane having below and substantially central of it a water borne structure having hydroplane surface adapted, aided by the lift of said aeroplane, to support the whole machine at substantially a flying angle of incidence when speeding in contact with the water, and in the direction of each lateral end of the aeroplane and below it a buoyant float having a hydro-surface inclined upwardly toward the front, the major portion of said floats being higher than said first hydro-- plane surface, whereby when the machine is speeding on the water said floats are substantially out of the water. 22. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane, a boat-like structure below the same adapted to support the machine on and travel in ontact with the water, a rearwardly inclined hydro-surface in the direction of each lateral end of the aeroplane and below the same adapted to be acted on by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, said machine being without any material water-resistant surfaces lower than the bottom of said boat and aft of the same, whereby the machine may rock upward at the front and rise from thewater without being materially resisted at the rear. 23. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, a water borne central boat structure adapted to support structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond each side of the boat structure, and said floats at an angle of incidence to the water.

25. A'hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure.

is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to crecreate a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal water engaging means beyond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and said boat structure having a relatively broad forward under-surface.

27. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds 4 so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difi'erence of air li t, said boat structure having a narrowed, tapered aft section and lateral water balancing means.

28. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting subvstantiall the entire supporting element at all spee s so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operatin the stabilizingsurfaces to create a di erence of air lift, relatively small horizontal Water balancing floats be yond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water,

and said boat structure having a narrowed tapered aft section.

29. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so'long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, and means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difierence of air lift, whereby said machine may be turned while on the water and water balancing means.

30. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral Sta-- bilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference oflift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the Water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, and means in combination with said boat structure for balancing same transversely.

31. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is travcling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond each side of the boat structure, said floats ata-n angle of incidence to the water, and means adjacentsaid boat structure for accommodating the engine and operator.

32. A-hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces'to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing'surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal Water balancing floats beyond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and means in combination with said boat structure adapted to provide protection for the operator.

33. Ahydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supportin surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane sur aces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure "adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and means within said boat structure for operating rear control. 7

34:. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabil izing aeroplane surfaces to create a difl'erence of lift,'a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire ma chine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difl'erence of air lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and means in combination with the stern of said boat structure for supporting rear control.

35. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all. speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the Stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, and strips beneath said boat structure.

36. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difierence of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeropla'ne lift, constituting substantially the,

entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relativel small horizontal water balancing floats eyond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and strips beneath said boa't structure.

37. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane sur aces to create a difference of list, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the Water, and except f r the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at a l speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, and floats being adapted to be se cured in an adjusted position.

38. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supportin surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane sur aces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire ma chine When on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the Water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal. water balancing floats beyond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and said floats being adapted to be secured in an adjusted position.

v 39. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing surfaces to' create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine, when on the water, and'except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond each side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence. to the Water, and rear control operative in the air or in the water.

40. A 'hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and "except for the aeroplane-lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is-traveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond each'side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and said boat structure having an upwardly inclined rearward portion.

4 from the water while running at speed on their bottoms the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difl'erence of lift, a main water-borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, said floats being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, and means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a dlfi erence of air lift.

43. In a. machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while running at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supporting surface acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine to lessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water, lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling the machine while running at speed on the water, a main water-borne central boat structure adapted to support substantially the entire machine on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds of the boat structure on the water, relatively small horizontal balancing water floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, said floats being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, and means operating the lateral balancing aeroplane surface to create a difference of air lift to assist in controlling the machine on the water.

44. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while running at .speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supporting surface acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine to lessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water, lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling the machine while running at speed on the water, a main water-borne central boat structure adapted to support substantially the entire the boat structure on the water, relatively i small horizontal balancing water floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, said floats being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided withsurfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of air lift to assist in controlling the machine at speed on the water, one or more elevating air planes, and means for controlling the same to vary the angle of incidence of the boat on the water.

45. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water While running at speed on the water, the combinationof a main aeroplane supporting surface acted upon by the 7 air so as to tend to lift the machine to lessen boat structure, said floats being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces for rocking the boat about its water-supported bottom, and an air propeller with means for driving the same to propel the boat at speed on the water.

46. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while running at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supporting surface acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine to lessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water, one or more elevator air planes to assist in changing the angle of incidence of the machine while running at speed on the Water, a main water-borne central boat structure adapted to support substantially the entire machine on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds of the boat structure on the Water, relatively small horizontal balancing water floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, said floats being located above the level ofthe boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for opat speed on the water, lateral balancingaeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling the machine while running at speed on the water, a main water-borne central boat structure adapted to support substantially the entire machine on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds of the boat structure on the water, relatively small horizontal balancing Water engaging means located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said structure, said balancing means being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of air lift to assist in controlling the machine at speed on the water, one or more elevator air planes, means for controlling the same to vary the angle of incidence of the boat on the water, and an air propeller with means for driving the same to propel the boat at speed on the water.

48. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while running on the water, an aeroplane adapted to beacted on by the air to exert a lifting effect, a centrally positioned floating means below the aeroplane adapted to support substantially the whole machine when at rest on the-water and, except for the lift of said aeroplane, constituting substantially the entire supporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contact with the water, a relatively small float provided with a hydro-surface positioned in the direction of each lateral end of the aeroplane, and adapted to automatically balance the machine when either side becomes depressed.

49. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while running at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane lift surface, a main water-borne central boat structure adapted, except for the aeroplane lift, to support substantially the entire machine at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, relatively small horizontal balancing floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, said floats being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly adaptedto be acted upon'by the rush of water when the machineloses its lateral equilibrium.

50. A Vehicle having aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difl'erence of lift, a main central water borne structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,

constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as said water borne structure is traveling in contact withjthe water, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said water borne structure, said floats be-' ing located above the level of the bottom of said water structure and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, to be acted upon by the rush of Water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift, means for propelling said vehicle and means adapted to lift said vehicle clear of the water.

51. In a machine adapted to be supported jointly by air and water while running at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure, adapted to support the entire machine when on the Water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, said floats being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapt- 7 ed to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference in airlift, and means for causing said machine to lift clear of thewater so as to fly in the air.

52. In a machine adapted to be supported jointly by air and water while running at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supporting surface, acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine to lessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water, lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling the machine while running at speed on the water, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support substantially the entire machine on the water,

the water, relatively and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting ele- A ment at all speeds'of the boat structure on small horizontal balancing water engaging means located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said heat structure, said balancing means being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference'of air lift to assist in controlling the machine at speed on the water, an alr propeller with means for driving the same to propel the boat at speed on the water, means for lifting said machine clear of the water.

53. In a machine adapted to be supported jointly by air and Water while running at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supporting surface, acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine to lessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water, lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling the machinewhile running at speed on the water, a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support substantially the entire machine on the water, and

except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds of the boat structure on the water, relatively small horizontal balancing water engaging means located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, said balancing means being located above the level of the boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined down- Wardly and r'earwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of Water when the machine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to createa difference of air lift to assist in controlling the machine at speed on the water, an air propeller with means for driving the same to propel the boat at speed on the water, means for liftingsaid machine clear of the water, said last stated means comprising one or more elevator air-' planes and means for controlling the same to vary the angle of incidence of said machine.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT S. JANIN. I

lVitnesses:

J. L. GAPIJNGER, lW. 1E. CAPLINGER.