US1312840A - William elborne - Google Patents
William elborne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1312840A US1312840A US1312840DA US1312840A US 1312840 A US1312840 A US 1312840A US 1312840D A US1312840D A US 1312840DA US 1312840 A US1312840 A US 1312840A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- shell
- aluminium
- elborne
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Barium peroxide Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][O-] ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
Definitions
- This invention relates to chemical means for producing'a high temperature in technically useful manner of the kind wherein a combustible metal in a finely divided condition is mixed with another substance with which on the mixture being ignited it combines, the combustion being self-supporting.
- the present invention has for its object a chemical production of heat in the manner referred to, adapted to be utilized in an incendiary shell, and to yield on combustion an incandescent more or less fluid mass that in contact with water, including" atmospherlc moisture, evolves a poisonous inflammable gas which on burning is converted into a suffocating gas, thereby combilling in a single shell the advantages as an offensive weapon heretofore separately residing respectively in incendiary shells and poison-gas shells.
- a finely divided meta as for example aluminium is suitably incorporated with sulfur or a sulfur yielding compound as for examples II'OIl pyrites, copper pyrites or galena and the mixture provided with lgnit-ing means.
- the selected substances are mixed in molecular proportions namely, in the case of aluminium, 542 parts by weight of that metal and 96 parts by weight of sulfur or of sulfur content so that each is completely used up to produce the sulfid of the metal employed.
- sulfur both substances may either be in a finely divided condition or the sulfur can be melted and the appropriate quantity of metal added and stirred in, care being taken to prevent local heating at any point suflicient to cause ignition.
- the mixing can be effected in any suitable container which if intended for a shell may be the shell itself.
- the heat production is started by a small portion or pellet of barlum peroxid and magnesium powder placed incontact with the mass and which in'the case of a shell is itself ignited by say an" ordinary fuse, for instance a time use.
- the activity, of the mixture may be increased by addition of barium peroxid or chromium peroxid.
- the reaction temperature which is exceedingly high is particularly effective for incendiary purposes when the sulfur containing composition is so contrived that the molten mass will include free metal which being a good conductor constitutes a heat carrier from the less conductive constituents to combustible matter with which the mass may be in contact.
- a molten mass derived from iron pyrites and aluminium will, due to the free iron liberated, be more conductive than one derived from free sulfur and aluminium but free sulfur produces a higher temperature.
- Auseful means is obtained by using say half of the sulfur in the free state and the other half as sulfid.
- all the sulfur may be free and the source of conductive metal be a metallic compound other than a sulfur compound but reducible in the reaction, iron oxid for instance, the alkaline earth metal being needfully increased for the reduction.
- the metal may be added as such.
- the combustible material in a loose or pressed condition can be employed either unconfined in the open or confined in an open or closed container, which in the latter case as already referred to may be a shell, together with an igniter and With provision for a bursting charge.
- cendiaryand poison-gas shell a charge comprising aluminium, iron combined as sulfid,
- a charge comprising: aluminium, sulfur, iron combined as sulfid and oXid and igniting means.
- a charge comprising aluminium,- suliiur and barium peroxid and magnesium powder as igniting means.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Description
T WILLIAM ELBORNE, or PETEBBOROUGH, ENGLAND.
CHEMICAL HEAT-PRODUCING- MEANS.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, VILLIAM ELBORNE, a
subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Peterborou h, in the county of Northampton, Englan have invented Chemical Heat-P'roducing Means, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to chemical means for producing'a high temperature in technically useful manner of the kind wherein a combustible metal in a finely divided condition is mixed with another substance with which on the mixture being ignited it combines, the combustion being self-supporting.
Now the present invention has for its object a chemical production of heat in the manner referred to, adapted to be utilized in an incendiary shell, and to yield on combustion an incandescent more or less fluid mass that in contact with water, including" atmospherlc moisture, evolves a poisonous inflammable gas which on burning is converted into a suffocating gas, thereby combilling in a single shell the advantages as an offensive weapon heretofore separately residing respectively in incendiary shells and poison-gas shells.
Accordin to the invention a finely divided meta as for example aluminium is suitably incorporated with sulfur or a sulfur yielding compound as for examples II'OIl pyrites, copper pyrites or galena and the mixture provided with lgnit-ing means.
Preferably the selected substances are mixed in molecular proportions namely, in the case of aluminium, 542 parts by weight of that metal and 96 parts by weight of sulfur or of sulfur content so that each is completely used up to produce the sulfid of the metal employed. When using sulfur both substances may either be in a finely divided condition or the sulfur can be melted and the appropriate quantity of metal added and stirred in, care being taken to prevent local heating at any point suflicient to cause ignition. The mixing can be effected in any suitable container which if intended for a shell may be the shell itself.
By incorporating the ingredients with the sulfur in molten condition and molding the mass while still warm the product is obtained in convenient block like condition easy of transport as such and it may be of suitable size and shape to constitute for Specification of Letters Patent.
instance a charge'or part of a charge of a shell or the like.
Conveniently the heat production is started by a small portion or pellet of barlum peroxid and magnesium powder placed incontact with the mass and which in'the case of a shell is itself ignited by say an" ordinary fuse, for instance a time use.
When the sulfurous composition becomes once ignited the heat produced by the reaction is so intense that the combustion then proceeds spontaneously and yields a white hot more or less molten mass capable of acting very efficiently as an incendiary substance. This substance on cooling in the open and under usual atmospheric conditions will immediately commence to decompose at the expense of the moisture in the atmosphere or of any water in surrounding material, liberating, if the sulfur be incorporated as free sulfur, two-thirds of its weight as sulfureted hydrogen gas, possessing a most noxious odor and poisonous character. The liberated gas if ignited, for example by a spark or heated. fragment of shell, burns to form the suffocating gas, sulfur dioxid.
In some cases say, the activity, of the mixture may be increased by addition of barium peroxid or chromium peroxid.
The reaction temperature which is exceedingly high is particularly effective for incendiary purposes when the sulfur containing composition is so contrived that the molten mass will include free metal which being a good conductor constitutes a heat carrier from the less conductive constituents to combustible matter with which the mass may be in contact. Thus, a molten mass derived from iron pyrites and aluminium will, due to the free iron liberated, be more conductive than one derived from free sulfur and aluminium but free sulfur produces a higher temperature. Auseful means is obtained by using say half of the sulfur in the free state and the other half as sulfid. Alternatively all the sulfur may be free and the source of conductive metal be a metallic compound other than a sulfur compound but reducible in the reaction, iron oxid for instance, the alkaline earth metal being needfully increased for the reduction. Or, the metal may be added as such.
Very good results are obtained from mixtures of aluminium, free sulfur and ferric Patented Aug. 12, 1919.
Application filed October 22, 1918. Serial No. 259,293.
oxid', or ferrosoferric oXid, the temperature of reduction being higher than if sulfur were absent and thus correspondingly increasing the temperature of the molten mass, thereduced metal serving as the heat carrier. Obviously other compositions Will suggest themselves Without departing from the invention using besides an alkaline earth metal, metal or metals free or combined (oxids and sulfids) or both, so as finally to occur in the free state in the molten mass and sulfur in suitable form andquantity to form alkaline earth sulfid.
The combustible material in a loose or pressed condition can be employed either unconfined in the open or confined in an open or closed container, which in the latter case as already referred to may be a shell, together with an igniter and With provision for a bursting charge.
What I claim is 1. A shell adapted to serve as a combined incendiary and poisongas shell containing a charge comprising aluminium, sulfur in combustible form, and igniting means, said charge being capable, upon ignition and disruption of the shell, of shedding a fluid incandescent mass from which, upon contact with water a noxious gas is evolved.
21 In a shell designed for use as a combined incendiary'and' poison-gas shell, a
charge comprising comminuted aluminium,
cendiaryand poison-gas shell, a charge comprising aluminium, iron combined as sulfid,
and igniting means. at
5. In a shell designed for use as an incendiary andpoison-gas shell, a charge comprising: aluminium, sulfur, iron combined as sulfid and oXid and igniting means.
' 6, In a shell designed for use as an incendiary and poison-gas shell, a charge comprising aluminium,- suliiur and barium peroxid and magnesium powder as igniting means. i
Signed at London, England, this thirtieth day of: September, 1918.
WILLIAM ELBORNE.
Copies of this patentv may be obtained for five cents each, addressing the Commissioner of Patents,
Washington, I). G. g
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1312840A true US1312840A (en) | 1919-08-12 |
Family
ID=3380334
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1312840D Expired - Lifetime US1312840A (en) | William elborne |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1312840A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2547691A (en) * | 1946-06-22 | 1951-04-03 | Ralph H Churchill | Fuel |
-
0
- US US1312840D patent/US1312840A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2547691A (en) * | 1946-06-22 | 1951-04-03 | Ralph H Churchill | Fuel |
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