US1311944A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

D. APPEL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 10. 1916.

1 ,3 1 1 ,944, Patented Aug. 5, 1919.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 10. 1916.

1 ,3 1 1 ,944. Patented Aug. 5, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- TJANIEL APPEL, OF CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, OHIO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 5, 1919.

Application filed March 10, 1916. Serial No. 83,283.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL APPEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland Heights villa e, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of ()hio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being bad to the accompanyingldrawings.

y invention relates to lmprovements in internal combustion engines of the two-cycle type, and the object of my invention is to eliminate .the use of the crank case as a pump chamber, to avoid leakage of the new charge through the crank shaft journals, and my improvement consists in employing the lower end of the cylinder and iston as a supply pump for the new charge fiy dividin the lower part of the cylinder into two $11 stantially semi-cylindrical pump chambers with a vertically extending slot between the chambers to provide operative movement of the-connecting rod between the piston and crank shaft.

My improved engine, which is preferably of the vertical three-port type, is hereinafter more fully described in connection with the accompanyin drawings which form a part of the speci cation. The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several views.

In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical central section of an engine embodying my invention, this section being in the plane in which the connecting rod operates; Fig. 2 is a vertical central section in a plane at right angles to Fig. 1, looking toward the left hand side of that figure, and showing the piston in its uppermost position and partially in outside elevation. Fig. 3 1s a cross section through the exhaust ports and upper transfer ports, as indicated by the line 3-3 on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a cross section through the intake ports and lower transfer ports, as indicated by the line 4-4 on Fig. 1. The remaining figures are details, on a larger scale, of the piston and the artition housing for the connecting rod; Figs. 5 and 6 are central vertical sections at right angles to each other through the piston; Fig. 7 is a transverse cross section, as indicated by the line 7-7 on Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a transversevertical section of the housing; Fig. 9 is an inside elevation at right angles to Fig. 8, of one half of the housing, and Fig. 10 is a plan of the housing.

Referrin first to Figs. 1 and 2, 11 indicates the cylinder, 12 the piston, 13 the crank shaft, 14 the connecting rod, pivoted to the piston and the crank, and 15 a stationary tubular housing with a circular base, fitting into the bottom end of the cylinder. As shown the lower end of the engine cylinder is provided with an external flange 21 secured to an annular rim 22 of the crank case 20 by the usual means, while the housing 15 15 so secured to an inwardly projecting flange 48 of the crankcase as to permit it to aline with the piston. The crank shaft may be mounted in a two-part casing 20, as shown.

The piston has on its upper surface the usual deflector 31 and near the-top the packing rings 32. Below these is a transverse bearing 33 for the wrist pin 34, and below the wrist in the piston continues for a length'sligl ftly more than the stroke of the piston. The lower portion of the piston is ivided by a slot 35, diametrically across and at right angles to the wrist pin, and parallel fiat walls 36, form the sides of this slot and unite with .the circular walls of the piston adjacent to the walls of the cylinder, to form substantially semi-cylindrical downwardly projecting hollow plunger-s closed at their upper ends by the wall 37,'but communicating with the cylinder space below.

The stationary central partition for inclosing the connecting rod is of the form shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, and consists of a circular base 40 with an upwardly extending tubular partition 41, and rising therefrom for a distance slightly greater than the stroke of the piston, the partition and base being composed of two parts and joined vertically adjacent to their edges by inwardly projecting ribs 42, and secured together near the upper ends by screws 45. The housing thus provides a tubular partition which extends diametrically across the cylinder and provides a slot 43 in which the connecting rod can freely operate. It is to be understood that the inner' faces of the piston slot 35 and the outer faces 41 of the central partition must be in sliding contact with each other, similar to the circular face of the piston with the walls of the cylinder. It is also to be understood that any wear between the flat walls of the partition and piston may be taken up by separating the members of the two-part partitions. I

Referring now to the several ports in the cylinder and piston of the engine; these are preferably arran ed in palrs near the outside of the partltion walls of the tubular housing and the flat walls of the piston. In Fig. 2 at 50, 50, are shown two Intake ports through the lower portion of the cylinder leading from an intake passage 51. 52, 52 indicate lower transfer ports opposite the intake ports and leading to a transfer channel 53. This channel is shown on the outside of the cylinder wall, covered by a suitable plate 54. At its upper end the transfer channel communicates with two ports 55 leading into the upper end of the cylinder, and opposite these ports are the exhaust ports 56, 56, 'communicatlng wlth the exhaust port 57. In the-piston walls,

near the upper end of the semi-cylindrical. compression chambers, are two ports 58 adapted to register with the transfer ports 52 when the piston is at the lower end of its stroke, as shown in Fig. 1,

It will be seen from-Fig. 2 that when the piston is at the upper end of its stroke the intake ports 50 are entirely uncovered, and

as the piston moves downward, ports 50, 50

' will-be closed, than as the plston nears the lower portion of. its stroke, first the exhaust ports are uncovered, and then, wh1le the uncovering of these ports continues, the piston ports 58 are coming into registration with the lower transfer ports 52, and immediately thereafter the piston uncovers the upper transfer ports 55. The registration of the ports 58, with the ports 52, is slightly in advance of the uncovering of the ports 55. In the lowermost position of the pis: ton, shown in Fig. 1, both transfer ports and the exhaust ports are fully open.

Assuming that on the up stroke of the piston a partial vacuum is created in the semi-cylindrical pump chambers provided between the lower endof the cylinder and piston, and when the piston uncovers the intake ports 50, combustible mixture is drawn in from the carbureter, and as the piston descends, this combustible mixture is compressed in the pump chambers, and when the ports 58 in the piston reach the lower transfer ports 52 the combustible mixture flows into the transfer passage channel 53- and immediately afterthe piston uncovers the upper transfer ports 55, and the new charge is forced through these ports into the combustion end of the cylinder. The new charge, on entering the cylinder, is diverted-upwardly by the deflector 31, and passes the spark plug 61, and while turning nausea the exhaust port is being fully uncovered.

My improved engine is shown herewith as a three-port single air-cooled unit, with cooling ribs 60, but it will be. understood that my improvements apply equally well to other typesof two-cycle engines, and other forms of cooling may be employed, and that the cylinder may be arranged on the crank case in any desirable manner, without departing from the spirit of my inventlon.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: i I w 1. ln'an internal combustion engine; the combmatlon, with a single-diameter cylinder, a slngle-diameter piston, a, crank and a connecting rod, of a base partition across the cylinder between the piston and crank and havmg"an elongated opening in which the c0 nnect1ng r0d swings, and means surroundlng the connecting rod and extending between extending transversely clear across the cylmder to divide it into two chambers independent of the space in which the connecting rod operates.

2. In an internal oombustion engine, the combmatiomof a slngle-diameter cylinder,

a single-diameter piston therein, a crank, a connecting rod pivoted at one end to the piston and at the other end to the crank, a base partltion across the piston and crank, and having an elongated opening in which the connecting rod swmgs, and a tubular member surrounding the connecting rod and extending from the partition to the piston, the piston having a sliding engagement with the exterior of said the cylinder between the base partition and piston and connecting rod between said partition and piston and extending into the slot in the piston, there being ports leading to and from the cylinder outside of said tubular member.

4. The combination, with a single-diameter cylinder, a single-diameter piston having an interior space, a crank and a connecting rod, of a housing surrounding the connecting rod and slidably engaged by the piston and havmg an opening in the top communicating with the interior space of the piston said housing extending clear across the cylinder ing and the cylinder wall respectively.

5.- The combination of a cylinder, a piston therein having a transverse slot, and a stationary housing extending into said slot and having sliding connecting with the walls of the slot and surrounding the connecting rod, said housing having a connection adJacent to its lower end with the cylinder wall.

(i. The combination of a' vertical cylinder,

a piston therein-having a'transverse Slot, a connectin swinging in said slot as the piston reciprocates, a tubular housing havlng a circular base extending from the'bottom of the cylinder beyond the piston stroke, the piston slot having sliding connection with the sides of said housing, and ports leading to and from the cylinder space outside of said housing.

7. The combination of a cylinder, a piston .therein having a transverse slot extending clear through it, a connecting rod pivoted to the piston and swinging in said slot as the piston reciprocates, a flat tubular housing located transversely across the cylinder, the piston having sliding connection with the flat faces of said housing, a transverse partition connecting the end of said housing with the cylinder wall, whereby a chamber is provided between each side of thehousing and the cylinder wall, intake ports to such chambers, and transfer ports leading from such chambers.

therein, a wrist pin carried by the piston, a connecting rod on the wrist pin, the piston being continued below the wrist in and such lower part of the piston havmg two partitions across it providing a transverse slot in which the connecting rod works, and a chamber on each side of said slot closed at its upper end, a housing in the form of a flattened tube surrounding the connecting rod, thepiston having a sliding connection with said housing, a circular base connecting the housing with the cylinder beyond the piston stroke, whereby chambers are provided on opposite sides of the housing communicating with the chambers in the piston, intake ports through the cylinder wall opening directly into the chambers in the cylinder and positioned to be uncovered by the piston, transfer ports through the cylinder Wall, and ports through the piston near the upper end of the chambers therein adapted to register with the transfer ports.

S). The combination of a cylinder, a piston therein having a transverse slot, a connect.- ing rod swinging iii said slot, a housing consisting of a flattened tube surrounding the connecting rod and forming at each side thereof chambers of substantially equal vol ume, the slotted piston sliding over said housing, the housing having a circular base rod pivoted to the piston and within and connected with the end portion of the cylinder, and ports to and from the chambers between the outer sides of the housing tube and the inner surface of the cylinder.

10. The combination, with a cylinder, of a piston therein having a transverse slot, a housing extending into said slot, it connecting rod pivoted to the )iston and oscillating amlreclprocatlng in said slot, the piston slot having operati e connection with said housing and thehousing having a base connected with the cylinder beyond the end of the piston stroke, said housing comprising a pan of laterally separable members connected together to surround the connecting rod.

1 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a piston therein having a transverse slot, at connecting rod pivoted to the piston and working in said slot, a base member connected with the cylinder beyond the end of the piston stroke, a tubular housing rising from said base member open at its upper and lower ends and surrounding the connectingrod, the slotted )iston having sliding engagement with t e outer sides of said tubular member, and said housing and base comprising a pair of separable members secured together and adapted to be separated to compensate for wear.

12. The combination of a cylinder, a piston therein having a transverse slot extend- 8. The combinatlon of a cylmder, a piston ing entirely across it, a flattened tubular housing extending transversely across the cylinder and having its opposite edges fitting the cylinder walls and having its sides engaging the slot in the piston, partitions between the end of such tubular housing and the cylinder wall, whereby substantially semi-cylindrical chambers are provided between the fiat housing walls and the cylinder wall, ports communicating with said chambers, and a connecting rod pivoted to the piston and operating in the space provided by the slot' in the piston and in the interior of the housing.

13. The combination of a cylinder, a crank ease carrying the same, a partition extending crosswise of the lower end of thccylinder secured to the crank case and having a transverse slot across it, a transversely located housingearried by said partition comprising a flattened tube extending between opposite sides of the cylinder wall, a piston in the cylinder having a slot in its lower portion which makes a sliding connection with the housing, ports leading to the chambers between the housing wall and cylinder wall, a crank mounted in the crank case, and a connecting rod pivoted at its lower end to said crank and extending through the housing and slot in the piston and operatively connected with the piston.

14. The combination of a cylinder, a piston therein having a transverse slotwitli parallel flat walls, a housing comprising a transversely positioned flattened tube extending into said slot, and a circular. base connecting the end of said tube with the cylinder wall, said housing being laterally scparableon a diametric plane, and a connecting rod pivoted to the piston and swinging in the slot thereof and in the tubular opening in the housing, the houslng Walls positioned close to the oppositesides of the connecting rod.

15. In a two cycle engine of the three port type, the combination, with a crank case, a

crank therein, a cylinder secured to the crank case, a piston in the cylinder having a transverse slot, a connecting rod having a wrist pin connection with the piston at the upper end of said slot and a crank connection at its'lower end, a circular partition fitting within the cylinder at the lower end thereof secured to the crank case and having a transverse slot through which the connectand a housing for the connecting rod within the cylinder comprising flat walls rising 16. In an internal combustion engine, the

. combination with a cylinder, of a trunk piston therein, a connecting rod pivoted with- I in the piston, said piston having a pair of transverse walls extending across it parallel to and on opposite sides of the plane in which the'"connecting rod swings, whereby two ho'llow spaces are provided within the piston eachbounded by one of said partitions and by the adjacent cylindrical surface of thepiston, there being ports through the piston wall communicating with said hollow spaces, and a partition transverse of 5o-the cylinder having a housing in which the connecting rod operates, the outer faces of said housing having a sliding en agement with the inner faces of. the partition walls in' the piston.

17. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, a base partition across the cylinder carrying a housing extending from cylinder wall to cylinder wall .and thereby dividing the space into two independent chambers, a piston havingv a slot embracing the opposite sides "of the housing, the parts of the piston on opposite sides of the slot working'in the two chambers referred to, ports communicating with said chambers and ports throughthe piston ing rod extends and in which it may swing,

' bers,

walls, and a connecting rod pivoted to the piston and adapted to swing 1n an opening within the housing.

18. The combination of a cylinder, a circular base located within the cylinderadjacent to one end, a housin carried by said base extending into the cy inder, said housing having an open interior adjacent to 'a diametric plane, a bifurcated piston extendin into the chambers on opposite sides of the ousing, the housin working with'a sliding fit in the slot of t e piston, and a connecting rod pivoted to the piston and 00- cupying said slot and extending through the open interior of the housing.

19. In-an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, a piston working therein, there bein a single combustion chamber between the piston and the head of the cylinder, two separated extensions on the piston, two chambers in which said extensions operate, ports to and from said chambers, means connecting the exit ports with said combustion chamber, and a connecting rod pivoted to the piston and swinging in a transverse opening between said chambers.

. 20. In an internal. combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder, a piston therein having two extensions on the end of the piston which faces the crank, a pair of compression chambers between the piston and crank in which said extensions operate, intake ports leading into said compression chambers, transfer ports and a transfer passageway to enable communication from the compression chambers to' the combustion space between the piston and-the head of the cylinder, a crank, and a connecting rod pivoted thereto and t0 the piston and operating in the space'be'tween said piston extensions and between said compression chambers.

21. The combination, with a cylinder, a

piston, a crank, and a connecting rod piv-- oted to the piston and connected with the crank, a pair of separated extensions carried by the plston on the crank-side thereof and on opposite sides of the connecting,/rod, a

pair of pump chambers in which said extensions operate, the inner sides of said pump chambers being defined by a stationary intermediate partition having an' opening through it through which the connecting rod extends.

' 22. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, a piston working therein, there being a combustion chamber between the piston and the head of the cylinder, two extensions of the piston, two chambers within which sald extensions operate, two p'orts for gaseous fluid to and from each of said chambers, means connecting the ports from said chambers with the combus tion chamber, and, a'connecting rod pivoted piston winging between said cham-y to the 23. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, a piston working therein, there beinga single combustion chamber between the piston and the head of the cylinder, two extensions of the piston, two chambers within which said extensions operate, two ports for gaseous fluid to and from each of said chambers, means connecting the ports from said dampers with the combustion chamber, and a connecting rod pivoted to the piston swinging in a trans verse openingbetween said chambers.

24. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with the cylind'er,'piston, crank chamber, crank and connecting rod, of a partition transversely of thee linder between the piston and crank, an a housing surrounding the connecting rod and extend ing between the piston and partition and sliding into one of such'members, said housing extending transversely across the cylinder to divide it into two chambers.

25. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a single diameter cylinder, a single diameter piston therein, a crank'chamber adjoining t e cylinder, a crank in the crank chamber, aconnecting rod connecting the piston with the crank, a laterally elongated housing extending across the cylinder and surrounding the connecting rod, a partition transverse of the cylinder between it and the crank chamber, said housing extending from the piston to the partition and being rigid with one of such members and slidable in the other, and ports to and from the cylinder spaces on opposite sides of the housing.

26. The combination with a cylinder, a piston, a crank, and a connectin rod pivoted to the piston and connecte with the crank, of a housing about the connecting rod comprising a flattened tube extending across the cylinder and having an internal space in which the connecting rod swings, means for closing the cylinder space on opposite sides of said housing to provide two chambers 4 acted on by said iston, and ports communieating with the c ambers last mentioned.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signature.

DANIEL APPEL.

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