US1307857A - Herbert frood - Google Patents
Herbert frood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1307857A US1307857A US1307857DA US1307857A US 1307857 A US1307857 A US 1307857A US 1307857D A US1307857D A US 1307857DA US 1307857 A US1307857 A US 1307857A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- block
- solution
- inflammable
- treatment
- sulfate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/027—Dispersing agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
- Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in that type of brake block, friction clutch lining, or the like, (hereinafter for general convenience referred to as and included in a reference to a brake block) composed of vegetable or other fibers impregnated and filledwith a gummy, waxy, bituminous or like cementitious and binding substance.
- a brake block as originally constructed is inflammable or capable of giving off sparks during working as a result of the presence in the block of fibers of an inflammable nature, or as a result of the inflam- 1nable nature of the cementitious and binding material used, or owing to the inflammability of both the fibers and the binding substance.
- a brake block of the composition indicated is rendered non-inflammable by treatment of or intimate mixture with its inflammable part or inflammable parts with orof a suitable solution or material which has the property of preventing combustion of the substance with which it is combined or mixed.
- a convenient way of carrying this invention into effect in connection with a brake block composed of cotton or other naturally inflammable fibrous material is to treat such block with a suitable solution which will render the fibrous material non-inflammable before such block is treated with the cementitious and binding material.
- Treatment with the binding substance then follows.
- the treatment torender the block non-inflammable should also be one which will harden it.
- the treatment of the .brake block may be first by a solution of a sulfate of a metal. After this treatment the block may be immersed in a weak solution of caustic soda. This converts the metal sulfate into hydrate upon and in the fiber. By drying and aerial exposure the hydrate is converted into oxid. This conversion is assisted by the application of heat.
- the metal sulfate used may,
- a brake block consisting of a thick woven cotton material of the nature of machine drivmg belting is immersed in a solution of sulfate of copper prepared with 9parts of water to one of sulfate. After thorough impregnation in this solution at a temperature of 80 F. the block is removed and dried. It is then treated with a weak solu tion of caustic soda. After thorough impregnation the block is removed from the alkaline solution and dried.
- the treatment with cementitious filling and binding substance may be other than that indicated in the above example.
- Other gums and bituminous. substances or other equivalent substances such as hard waxes may be employed in either the molten or dissolved. condition, and such substances may be finished off in any desired manner without the necessity for stoving.
- the fabric composing a block need not be of only a single thickness.
- Various plies or layers may be united by stitches, pegs, or the like to give the required thickness of block, before the block is treated as hereinbefore described.
- the yarns or fibers of which it is composed may be treated with the fireproofing solution (and if desired with the hardening solution) before they are woven or otherwise incorporated into or combined to form the block.
- the treatment with the cementitious and binding material may follow after the block has been formed.
- treatmentwith both need not be 'thehardening solution) and with the cementitiou's substance may be given to the impregnated.
- the fibers are combined while they-are still in' a' pasty condition from the cementitious substance.
- cem-i entitious substance will be softened and rendere'd adhesive by. heat or 'by the application of a suitable solution and the block will then be pressed into a solid whole.
- the fibers, yarns, or the like have been referred to as being of an inflammable nature. But they may be of a non-inflammable nature such as asbestos.
- Such fibers would be treated with the fireproofing solution as already described for inflammable fibers, not, of course, to render them non-inflammable, but to prevent combustion of the inflammable cementitio-us substance with which they will subsequently be Instead of the tgeatment with the fireproofing solution ollowed by a separate treatment with cementitions substance, the operations of fireproofing and cementing and binding may be performed in a single operation, by the use of a single bath or solution. Such a bath or solution may be prepared by first dissolving about 10 per cent.
- a brake block produced as he-reinbefore described may have suitable pressure.
- What I claim is 1.
- the process of producing fire-proof friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with a'metallic sulfate and then with a solution of a cementitious material in a drying oil.
- the process of producing friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with a metallic sulfate, then treating the fibrous material with caustic soda to convert. the sulfate to a hydrate," drying the fibrous material to convert the hydrate into an oxid, and then treating it with a cementitious material.
- the process of producing friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with a metallic sulfate, then treating the fibrous material with caustic sodato convert the sulfate to a hydrate, drying the fibrous material to convert the hydrate into an oxid, and then treating it with a solution of acementitious material in a drying oil.
- the process of producing friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with copper sulfate, then treating the terial with copper sulfate, then treating the' fibrous material With caustic soda to convert the sulfate to a hydrate,-dry1ng the fibrous material to convert the hydrate into an oxid,
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
HERBERT FROOD, OF CHAPEL-EI\T-LEFRITH, ENGLAND.
FRICTION-SURFACE.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, HERBERT Fnooo, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Chapel-en-le- Frith, in the county of Derby, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Friction-Surfaces, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to improvements in that type of brake block, friction clutch lining, or the like, (hereinafter for general convenience referred to as and included in a reference to a brake block) composed of vegetable or other fibers impregnated and filledwith a gummy, waxy, bituminous or like cementitious and binding substance. Such a brake block as originally constructed is inflammable or capable of giving off sparks during working as a result of the presence in the block of fibers of an inflammable nature, or as a result of the inflam- 1nable nature of the cementitious and binding material used, or owing to the inflammability of both the fibers and the binding substance.
In carrying this invention into effect a brake block of the composition indicated is rendered non-inflammable by treatment of or intimate mixture with its inflammable part or inflammable parts with orof a suitable solution or material which has the property of preventing combustion of the substance with which it is combined or mixed.
A convenient way of carrying this invention into effect in connection witha brake block composed of cotton or other naturally inflammable fibrous material is to treat such block with a suitable solution which will render the fibrous material non-inflammable before such block is treated with the cementitious and binding material. Treatment with the binding substance then follows. Preferably the treatment torender the block non-inflammable should also be one which will harden it. To obtain this result the treatment of the .brake block may be first by a solution of a sulfate of a metal. After this treatment the block may be immersed in a weak solution of caustic soda. This converts the metal sulfate into hydrate upon and in the fiber. By drying and aerial exposure the hydrate is converted into oxid. This conversion is assisted by the application of heat. The metal sulfate used may,
for example, be that of aluminium, or cop- Specification of Letters Patent.
' tine. it may be dried andstove-d at any desired Patented June 24, 1919.
Application filed May 15, 1914. Serial No. 838,871.
per, oriron, or magnesium, or tin, O-r zinc. The following is an example of this treatment: v
A brake block consisting of a thick woven cotton material of the nature of machine drivmg belting is immersed in a solution of sulfate of copper prepared with 9parts of water to one of sulfate. After thorough impregnation in this solution at a temperature of 80 F. the block is removed and dried. It is then treated with a weak solu tion of caustic soda. After thorough impregnation the block is removed from the alkaline solution and dried.
g It is then impregnated and filled with a solution of hard gums (such as gum arabic or resin) and asphaltum in drying oils (such as petroleumspirit or acetone) and turpen- After such impregnation and filling temperature.
The treatment of the non-inflammable blocks with the binding, filling and cement-itious gums or the like may follow directly upon the fireproofing treatment without any intervening treatment with an alkaline soluion. l
The treatment with cementitious filling and binding substance may be other than that indicated in the above example. Other gums and bituminous. substances or other equivalent substances such as hard waxes may be employed in either the molten or dissolved. condition, and such substances may be finished off in any desired manner without the necessity for stoving. I The fibrous blocks treated woven in one solid piece. They may be knitted, felted, or otherwise produced. The fabric composing a block need not be of only a single thickness. Various plies or layers may be united by stitches, pegs, or the like to give the required thickness of block, before the block is treated as hereinbefore described.
Instead of such a block being treated only after its formation with the fireproofing solution, the yarns or fibers of which it is composed may be treated with the fireproofing solution (and if desired with the hardening solution) before they are woven or otherwise incorporated into or combined to form the block. ,The treatment with the cementitious and binding material may follow after the block has been formed.
If desired, however, treatmentwith both need not be 'thehardening solution) and with the cementitiou's substance may be given to the impregnated.
fibers, yarns, or the like before they are-incorporated into theblock. If the block is to be felted or similarly formed by pressure, the fibers are combined while they-are still in' a' pasty condition from the cementitious substance.
If they have to be woven they will first be dried, and after the block is woven the cem-i entitious substance will be softened and rendere'd adhesive by. heat or 'by the application of a suitable solution and the block will then be pressed into a solid whole.
.Up to now the fibers, yarns, or the like have been referred to as being of an inflammable nature. But they may be of a non-inflammable nature such as asbestos. Such fibers Would be treated with the fireproofing solution as already described for inflammable fibers, not, of course, to render them non-inflammable, but to prevent combustion of the inflammable cementitio-us substance with which they will subsequently be Instead of the tgeatment with the fireproofing solution ollowed by a separate treatment with cementitions substance, the operations of fireproofing and cementing and binding may be performed in a single operation, by the use of a single bath or solution. Such a bath or solution may be prepared by first dissolving about 10 per cent. by weight of metal sulfate in drying oil and then utilizing such oil in the preparation of the required bath or solution of cementitious and filling substance. Treatment of the block or of its component yarns or fibers in this bath results in impregnation of the yarns with the fireproofing material and with the cementitious substance in one treatment. The block or the yarns can then be dried to drive oil" the solvents.
A brake block produced as he-reinbefore described may have suitable pressure. ap-
plied to it in a die which will only permit it to be reduced in thickness between its wearing and back faces without any lateral orlongitudinal elongation. The amount of pressure so exerted should be suflicient to so reduce the block in thickness that further pressure exerted upon it during its normal is not claimed herein that such die pressing of a block is new per so as the application of such pressure to blocks which have not been rendered uninflammable according to this invention has been already described in the specification to my prior U. S. Patent No. 1,096,705 dated May 12, 1914;
What I claim is 1. The process of producing fire-proof friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with a'metallic sulfate and then with a solution of a cementitious material in a drying oil.
2. The process of producing fire-proof "friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with copper sulfate and then with a solution of a cementitious material in .a drying oil.
3. The process of producing friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with a metallic sulfate, then treating the fibrous material with caustic soda to convert. the sulfate to a hydrate," drying the fibrous material to convert the hydrate into an oxid, and then treating it with a cementitious material.
4. The process of producing friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with a metallic sulfate, then treating the fibrous material with caustic sodato convert the sulfate to a hydrate, drying the fibrous material to convert the hydrate into an oxid, and then treating it with a solution of acementitious material in a drying oil.
5. The process of producing friction surfaces which comprises treating fibrous material with copper sulfate, then treating the terial with copper sulfate, then treating the' fibrous material With caustic soda to convert the sulfate to a hydrate,-dry1ng the fibrous material to convert the hydrate into an oxid,
and then treating it with a solution of a cementitious material in a drying oil.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
HERBERT FROOD.
' As witnesses:
' WILLIAM Gno. Hnrs,
HE RY S. BAKER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1307857A true US1307857A (en) | 1919-06-24 |
Family
ID=3375371
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1307857D Expired - Lifetime US1307857A (en) | Herbert frood |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1307857A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2460734A (en) * | 1944-10-04 | 1949-02-01 | Gen Electric | Asbestos impregnated with tin oxide and process of producing |
-
0
- US US1307857D patent/US1307857A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2460734A (en) * | 1944-10-04 | 1949-02-01 | Gen Electric | Asbestos impregnated with tin oxide and process of producing |
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