US1307224A - Concrete structure and method of constructing the same - Google Patents

Description

l 4c. WEBER.' CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND METHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING THE SAME. APPLICATION FILED MAY 19. 1917.

Patented June 17; 1919.

3, SHEETS-SHEET l.

C. WEBER. CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND METHOD 0E coNsmucTlNG EHE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED MAY I9. |917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Patented lune 17, 1919.

C. WEBER.

CONCRETE STRTUCTURE AND METHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING THE SAM-E. APPLICATION FILED MAY 19. 19H.

1,30%224.. 1 Patented June 17, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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CARL WEBER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO TORCRETE SHIIBUILDING CORPO- RATION, OF NEWYORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE.

i CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING TI-IE SAME.

Application led May 197 1917.

Il 1o all whom it 'may concern Be it known that I, CARL WEBER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook yand State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Concrete Structures and Methods of Constructing the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates t0 improvements in` concrete constructions adapted for walls, tunnels, silos, ships hulls or the like, as well as the method whereby such structures are made.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved concrete structure impervious to moisture and of strong and durable construction adapted to withstand the heavy strains and stresses to which it may be subjected.

A further object tof my invention, when the same is applied to the construction of the Wall constituting the hull of a concrete vessel, is to build the same of relatively light weight and yet having a certain degree of elasticity.

A further object of my invention is to construct the wall, tunnel, silo, or the hull of a vessel of standardized parts so ositioned and arranged as to permit the desired structure to be easily and quickly erected and with the minimum of expense.

Other objects will be in part obvious from the annexeddrawings and in part indicated in connection therewith by the following analysis of this invention.

This invention accordingly consists in the features -of construction,l combination of parts and in theunique relations ofthe members, and in the relative proportioning and disposition thereof, all as more completely outlined herein.

Inthe accompanying .drawings` constituting a part of vthis disclosure I have illustrated my'invention as appliedto the making'5 up of a wall of a concrete ship yet I do not wish to be understoodfas limiting my invention by such illustration, as the wall construction, Aand the method of erecting the same illustrated in said drawings and hereinafter described, is equally applicable to otherpurposes as in `the building of concrete houses, the construction of walls for bulk heads, tunnels, silos, cisterne and numerous other uses, which need not be specifically enumerated.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 171', 1919.

senai No. 169,648.

In said drawings Figure 1 is a side elevational view showing a complete vessel, certain parts being broken away or shown dotted in order that the structure may be more clearly seen;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the boat shown in Fig. 1; j I

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 3'-3, Fig. 2; j

Fig. 4 is an enlargedv detail transverse sectional view;

Fig. 5 is a detail plan view of a portion of the keel;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 6 6, Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a portion of the side skeleton;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of a portion of the side wall;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the portion shown in Fig. 8, showing the layers of which the sides of the vessel are composed.

Referring to the drawings and particularly to Fi 1, 2 and 3, 10 denotes Vthe hull of a boat or vessel shown for illustrative purposes divided by one or more bulk heads 11, and also horizontally by decks 12 to divide the interior of the vessel into a plurality of separate. compartments 13 of any desired dimensions.

The rear of the boat is shown partially broken away. It may of course be provided with the desired motor power, etc.

. The vessel as shown in Fig. 4 is provided with a main keel 14 forming the usual backbone to the skeleton of the boat and to which the traverse ribs 1.5. are riveted or secured in any desired manner. These ribs which may be in the form of I-beams, channel irons, etc., as shown in Fig. 6, extend laterally and then upwardly, and at the bend a reinforcing plate or gussetl is interposed to insure strengthv and stability. .Likewise posts 17 and transverse members 18 are secured as may be necessary, according to the' type of vessel to be constructed. These ribs 15 are connected longitudinally by means of T- beams, or other suitable forms of structural steel, 20. In this manner the skeleton of the vessel is formed and provides a structure against which the reinforcing for the con cretemay be placed. It is to be understood that I do not conne the invention to the use of a structural steel skeleton, for wood or @interets can used to advantage.; or

a combination of iron, wood and concrete in the forming of the skeleton of the vessel.

Itisto be noted that T-bcams 20 extending longitudinally of theJ vessel are provided at regular intervals with perforations.

2l through' which vertical ti'e members or stay-rods 22 may be threaded, as indicated in Fig. 7, and resting upon the horizontal portion of each T-bcam are gage and shear posts 23 projecting laterally therefrom.

The posts are forthe purpose of gaging the thickness of the wall. The length of the posts varies in the different parts of the hull in accordance with the desired thickness of the sa-me. Another purpose of the posts is to firmly fasten the concrete to the frame in the same manner as a rivet fastens a steel plate to, a girder or the like.

The posts also take up the shearing stresses between .frame and hull and the shearing stresses developed in the wall itself.

The posts furthermore serve they purpose of supporting and properly spacingthe reinforcement of the walt as shown in Figs. 7.

8 and 9, and as hereinafter more fully. de-

scribed.

In Fig. 7 a plain simple form of post is shown just to illustrate the method.

The posts may be fastened to the steel frame-in any oneof a number of `different ways. InFig. 7 a method is shown whereby the posts are held in place by reinforcing rods 22 threaded through holes in the longitudinal steel members and through corresponding holes in the ends of the posts.

These gage and shear posts are provided with a plurality of vertically disposed open-1y ings 24C through which anchor members 25 are passed. These anchor members are for the purpose of holding the wire fabric, eX- panded metal or other suitable reinforcing material 2G, in spaced relation with respect to the members 20. They are hooked over the nearest main wire to hold them in place, and are of such length as shown in Fig. 7 to eXtendover at least two of the horizontal wires forming the netting, and

thereby hold the same in proper spaced renv lation with respect to the framework;

After the parts above stated have been assembled to form the complete frame struc-V ture the concrete is applied thereto 'inf layers, as shown'in Fig. 9. A backing 27,

which may be either permanent or temporary, is placed between the horizontally disposed T-bcams 20, and concrete or mortar preferably formed of Portland cement and silicious sand, either with or without a suitable=waterprooling ingredient," is sprayed by means of a compressed V-air device upon the lirstlayenof netting-until the ribs and T'' beams and netting are completely inclosed or covered by the cement forming the lirst layer 28, as shown in Fig. 9. After completing one layer the backing 27,' unless whiclr a third layer of netting 31 may be.

applied, or evenl more 4laminations in accordance with) required thicknessof the hull.` The outer surface ofrthe boat 1s then fin-- ished, and may be painted as desired.I

The different laminations in lthel hull or wall vas formed Amay be. made of-materials of different composition and different density and membrane waterproofing or insulating may be placed between anytwo or morelaminations. It maybe vadvisable to make the Aouter layer of a hardidense concrete 'to protectvtheinner layers against abrasion, and use` more elastic combinations for the inner-laminations.

By applying the differenticoatings with the compressed air machinela perfect bond between the laminations is secured, and after completion the entire wall-forms a monolithic, seamless structurewhich, owing to the multiple reinforcements shows a comparatively great elasticity.

It maybe compared roughly lto strong wireglass, and if it should ever be: cracked by a Vtremendous impact the parts remain bound together, and the wall may becas-ily repaired. It is obvious that suchimpact with a wharf or other vessel Lcould not' cause tearing yaway whole plate sections as fref quently happens with steel gboats.

The `outer surfacel of the entire vessel is perfectly smooth and the minimum of skin frictionisobtainedV ItI offers no projections to wharf edges, etc., and 4makes it less susceptible to marine growth:Vv Y

The frame is built along the general lines of present practice; Howeveigowing to the monolithic character of myy concrete hull and the ease withwhich-a hulll is formed ony and around Athe framemembers-a much greater freedom .of design is possible. Thev vrigidity ofthe concrete hull also reduces the practically entirely incased in concrete which protects the members aga1nstrust. Therefore no allowance needs to be made 1n the design for reduction of ,strength caused by deterioration.

After the first coating has snificiently hardened the temporay backing is `removed and may be used over again in a different place.

It is thus seen that the present invention provides a simple and practical method of constructing the walls constituting the hull of a concrete ship at comparatively low cost and in the minimum of time, and it is believed that this invention accomplishes, among others, all of the objects herein set forth.

As many changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of my invention could be made, Without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a laminated wall, in combination, a frame-work, a plurality of successively applied layers of concrete applied to said frame-work, each layer being provided with metallic reinforcing each uniformly spaced from the preceding reinforcing, said layers of concrete being separated one from another by interposed layers of water-proong material.

2. In a laminated wall, in combination, a frame-work consisting of horizontally and vertically disposed members, shear posts supported from said members, and a `plurality of layers of metallic reinforcing supported from said posts in uniformly spaced relation, successively applied layers of concrete embedding said reinforcing, said layers of concrete being separated one from another by interposed layers of water-proofing material.

3. In a laminated wall, in combination, a frame-work consisting of horizontally and verticallyv disposed members, shear posts supported from said members, a plurality of layers of metallic reinforcing supported from said posts, and superposed layers of concrete separated by water-proofing or insulating material.

4. In a laminated wall, in combination, a skeleton frame having vertically and horizontally disposed members, stay-rods connecting said members, and shear posts projecting laterally from the sides of the skeleton, layers of reinforcing supported from said shear posts, successively applied layers of concrete embedding said reinforcing, a

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the permanent backing interposed between the members of the frame-work, said layers of concrete being separated one from another by interposed layers of water-proofing material.

5. In a laminated wall, in combination, a plurality of laterally and upwardly extending ribs, horizontally disposed beams connecting said ribs, vertically disposed stayrods parallel with the ribs, shear posts secured on said stay-rods, a plurality of layers of metallic reinforcing supported from and anchored to said shear posts, a plurality of layers of concrete embedding said layers of reinforcing, said layers of concrete being separated one from another by interposed layers of water-proofing material.

6. In a laminated wall, in combination, a plurality of laterally and upwardly extending ribs, horizontally disposed beams connecting said ribs, vertically disposed stayrodsparallel with the ribs, shear posts secured on said stay-rods, a plurality of layers of metallic reinforcing supported from and anchored to said shear posts, a plurality of layers of concrete embedding said layers of reinforcing, said layers of concrete being separated one from another by interposed layers of water-proofing material.

7 The herein described method of constructing walls which consists in erecting a frame-work supporting a frame of metallic reinforcing from said frame-work and spraying said reinforcing with iiuid concrete until the same is covered, adding another layer of reinforcing and spraying said second layer of. reinforcing with fluid concrete until the same is covered, thereby to form a plurality of layers of reinforced concrete.

8. The herein described method of constructing walls which consists in erecting a frame-work, supporting a frame of metallic reinforcing from said frame-work, and spraying said reinforcing with Huid concrete until the same is covered, adding another layer of reinforcing and spraying said second layer of reinforcing with fluid concrete until the same is covered, thereby to form a plurality of layers of reinforced concrete, and interposing layers of water-proof or insulating material between said layers of concrete.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CARL WEBER.

Witnesses:

EMILY F. CAMP, F. L. BRowNn.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

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