US1306375A

US1306375A - Fieij

Info

Publication number: US1306375A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1919-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 1936-06-10

Description

G. H. HADFIELD AND A.'E. BAWTREE. PROCESS FOR TREATING POROUS VESSELS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15. 1918.

Patented June 10, 1919.

' 314w who .BAWTREE,

GEORGE HUG-H HADFIELD, or MITCHAM, AND ALFRED EDWIN newsman, or surrou,

. ENGLAND.

PROCESS FOR TREATING POROUS VESSELS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE HUGH HAD- FIELD, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Hadfields (Merton) Limited, Western Road, Mitcham, Surrey, En land, varnish manufacturer, and ALFRED DWIN a subject of the King of Qrreat Britain, residing at 7 Manor Park road, Sutton, Surrey, England, have invented a new and useful Improved Process for Treating Porous Vessels, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a process for treating the inner walls of vessels composed or more or less porous material with a suitable fluid which dries or sets after a period. The process is particularly applicable to the treatment of vessels composed! partly or wholly of paper or cardboard.

Various difliculties arise in making a thoroughly impervious vessel. Thus the interior portions of the vessel do not usually consist of perfectly continuous surfaces but are broken up by pits or fissures due to the method of manufacture. For example, one

form of cylindrical package has a spiral crack or groove around its interior where two strips of cardboard butt. If the interior surfaces of such vessels are merely flowed over or lightly brushed over with a fluid composition, such composition merely bridges across the fissures or grooves and upon drying cracks leaving them quite unprotected.

In the accompanying drawing,

Figure 1 show a vertical section ofa vessel of porous material constructed and treated according to our invention.

Figs. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the steps of one way of carrying out our invention.

Fig. 2 shows how a vessel of porous material formed by spirally winding paper or the like has its opposite ends dipped in proofing material.

Fig. 3 illustrates how the vessel treated in the manner indicated in Fig. 2 has a bottom applied to one end and a ring, formin part of the closure, applied to the other en Fig. 4shows the next step in the process wherein the interior of the vessel and the joints, proofing material. V

Fig. 5 illustrates a machine which may be employed for rotating thevessel duringthe process of coating or proofing the interior thereof.

Specification of Letters Patent.

fissures, etc., are'coated and filled with Patented June 10, 1919.

Application flledoctober 15, 1918. Serial No. 258,307.

According to this invention a quantity of a protective fluid or composition which has little or no penetrative power into the substance of the vessel treated, is placed in the vessel and is then spread over every detail of the contour of the interior surface by the action of centrifugal force. The vessel must be rotated at such a speed that if its axis be horizontal centrifugal force shall at least counteract theforce of gravity in portions of surface which are for the time being vertically above the axis of rotation as in this case the coating material will be driven so strongly into the imperfections in the surface as to cause the coating to accurately follow every detail of the contour of the surface. At the same time it is evident that the axis of. rotation need not necessarily be truly horizontal but may be inclined to any convenient angle.

If the rotation be at too low a speed the coating fluid or composition would flow by gravity over the entire surface in the manner already known in such operations as in the pitching of barrels, but such coating would not be reliable. It is important that the fluid should accurately follow the surfaces of the imperfections in the walls of the vessel in the manner described. It is also important that this penetration of imperfections should not be confounded with the soaking in by 'of fluid in the vessel; if a small quantity of fluid be employed, rotation is merely continued till it is evenly distributed; if a larger amount be used, rotation must be continued till it has become set and no longer fluld. In this latter case there is no limit to the duck ness of com osition which can be spread upon the surface at a single operation.

I The process may be carried out with the aid of any-mown mechanism for causing the necessary rotation of the vessel which should combine the necessary speed with great accuracy of rotation. This last point is one of great importance If, for example,

a container is receiving a coating of fluid one sixteenth of an inch thick, but one side is one sixteenth ofan inch farther from the center of rotation than the other, this side will receive the whole of the supply of coating material except such small quantity as may adhere to the portions nearer to the center of rotation b the action of capillary attraction.

The fluid or composition employed in the process depends upon the use to which the vessels are to be put and the composition forms no part of this invention as the use of colloids such as glue and gelatin mixed with hardening agents are known for this purpose as are also various waxes and the like and compositions consisting of rosin, linseed oil driers and turpentine, which will set hard or nearlv so when cold.

With some vessels and especially when a small quantity of fluid is placed in the vessel it is necessary in order to produce a satisfactory result to subject the vessel to a prelimina treatment which has for its object the efliclent sealin of the joints between the ends and sides 0 the vessel. To perform this operation we treat one or both of the surfaces to be united with a composition possessing similar properties to that which we use for rendering the main portion of the surface of the vessel impervious and make the joints while such composition is still in a more or less soft state. By this means any small fissures or imperfections occurririg in the operation of joining the portions 0 the vessel together are closed whereas if the coating of composition had been allowed to become hard before making the joints, there would be the same possibility of leakage as exists when the portions of a tin canister are merely bent together.

The following are specific examples of applications of our invention 1. A canister has a tin bottom and for its top a tin ring into which fits a lever lid, the sides being composed of layers of paper. It is desired to render such a vessel suitable for containin a paint the ingredients of which include oi and turpentine spirit. A suitable protecting composition would be a 10% solution of gelatin, the cardboard having been previously treated with a hardening agent such as a saturated solution of alum. 'Each end of the cardboard tube which is to form the sides of the vessel is first by any suitable mechanism coated at the edges of the ends and to a short distance along each end of the interior surface. While the comosition is still wet the tin ends are spun on 1n the ordinary manner. 0

The canister is laced in a suitable chuck and a quantity 0 the coating composition poured in; the chuck is then revolved at a sufiiciently high speed to produce the phenomenon of the counteraction of gravitation by centrifugal force if the axis of rotation be horizontal in the manner above referred to. This preliminary treatment of the end of the vessel before spinning on tin ends may however be dispensed with if suflicient composition is employed.

2. A canister similar to that employed in example No. 1 is treated as in that example so far as placing. the tin bottom and the tin ring is concerned. It is now placed in a chuck and supplied with its quantum of composition, by means of a brush charged with the coating fluid: a coating is thus distributed over the surface to'be proofed, either before or while the vessel is rotating. Rotation is then continued for a sufiicient time and at a suflicient speed to produce the close fitting film secured by the action of centrifugal force.

3. A tube composed wholly of cardboard and provided with a cardboard shut over lid is to be used for holdin adhesive composed of dextrin and water. he coating composition to be employed consists or rosin, 3 parts, linseed oil containing 1% of dissolved litharge 1 part and turpentine 1 part and is of such a consistency as to be barely fluid when cold.

The bottom cap is first'placed upon a revolving support and a little hols composltion poured into it. Centrifugal force dis tributes the composition over the bottom and up the sides of the cap. n

The cardboard tube is then pressed into the cap, a supply of melted composition is poured in, the mouth'of the tube is closed with a conical stopper and the tube rapidly rotated until the composition is first evenly distributed and then sets, partly by cooling and partly by the absorption by the porous walls of the spirit and oil which it contains.

Referring again to the accompanying drawings, we have illustrated in Fig. 5 a machine which may be employed for rotating the vessel during the proofing process. As there shown the container A is gripped by the jaws B of a self-centering chuck C,

attached to a shaft or spindle D, turning in bearings E, mounted in an ordinary lathe head F. The shaft or spindle is provided with-a pulley G, to which power may be applied for rotating it. Any other suitable machines for this purpose may, however, be employed.

. Referring to Fig. 1, we have shown a ver-.

tical section of a vessel or containertreated in accordance with our improvements; a indicates the body of the container, which in this instance is made of spirally wound plied to the upper end of the container, its peripheral portion d being bent around the end of the body a. This form of container is well known and is used by us for purposes of illustration only, it being understood that our improvements may be applied to containers of other kinds. The body porpreferably treated in the same way to re-- ceive an annular coating w. (The product of this stage of manufacture is represented in Fig. 2.) The next step in thepreferred process is to apply the bottom 0 and the top ring 03, in the manner indicated in Fig.3. The purpose of applying the roofing material m, w is to insure the t osing of the joints at both top and bottom when the vessel is rotated in the manner before described.

Without such preliminary treatment there is liability of the joints not being completely sealed unless the centrifugal treatment is continued for a considerable time.

Fig. 4 illustrates the completed v'essel after the proofing material has been applied centrifugally in the manner hereinbefore explained. This proofing material, which is indicated at 1, it will be observed, completely covers the interior of the paper or porous portions of the vessel, and it will also be observed that the material I enters the grooves b, as indicated at a.

It is made to so enter the grooves by the centrifugal action before explained. Without such treatment the proofing material would merely bridge the grooves and would be liable to crack or open along the grooves,-and thus produce leakage. It will also be observed that by the centrifugal action mentioned the joint of the bottom 0 with the body of the container is completely closed, the proofing material 3 uniting with the material an to close the joint and thus prevent any leakage that might occur unless special provision was made to prevent it.

As before specified, after the body of the vessel is prepared in the manner indicated in Fig. 3, it is supplied with a suitable amount of proofing material and is then held by rotating mechanism in the manner indicated in Fig. 5 so as to rotate'about a horizontal axis with great accuracy for the reasons before specified.

It will be understood that a suitable closure or lid may be applied to the ring 03. It will also be understood that we do not intend to limit our invention to the preliminary treatment before specified as it is not in all cases necessary.

We are aware that it has been proposed to impart rotation to cartridges while their interiors are being varnished with a brush but it is clear that in the treatment of these articles the action of centrifugal force is not made use of. Such force, owing to its great power of uniformly spreading a fluid would cause the varnish to flow over the portion of the tube which has at great pains been cleaned with a wiper for the reception of the bullet.

What we claim is A process of applying a liquid coating composition capable of hardening, to the interior surface of a receptacle of which the inner wall is made of a somewhat pervious material having cracks or fissures therein, such process comprising rotating the receptacle, with such coating composition therein, at such a rapid rate of speed that the said coating composition is spread out in the form of a coating on the interior of said receptacle, and forced into said cracks and fissures, substantially as specified.

' In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention, we have signed our names this 19th day of September, 1918.

GEORGE HUGH HADFIELD. ALFRED EDWIN BAWTREE.