US1305327A - Method op treating silicious ores - Google Patents
Method op treating silicious ores Download PDFInfo
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- US1305327A US1305327A US1305327DA US1305327A US 1305327 A US1305327 A US 1305327A US 1305327D A US1305327D A US 1305327DA US 1305327 A US1305327 A US 1305327A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- ore
- furnace
- ores
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 64
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 26
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 14
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011776 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- WGSLWEXCQQBACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorin Chemical compound C=1C(C=C2)=NC2=CC(C=C2)=NC2=CC(C=C2)=NC2=CC2=NC=1CC2 WGSLWEXCQQBACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 chlorin compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004035 chlorins Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
Definitions
- My invention relates to the treatment of silicious ores, and particularly to the treatment of such ores which contain large amounts of base chloridizable metals.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process of treatment of silicious ores in which the usual difliculties due to the stickiness and the clinkering of the furnace charge is obviated.
- a further object is to reduce the cost of obtaining the metal content of silicious ores containing large amounts of chloridizable metals.
- the ore so treated shall be limited to a content of base metal insufiicient to cause theformation of a slag in the presence of an excess of an alkaline chlorid at the volatilization temperature of the metallic compound content of the ore.
- the present application closely parallels the application just mentioned in that it eliminates the usual furnace troubles caused by the stickiness of the charge, but differs in thatthe present method, while suitable for such low grade ores is also applicable to ores having high metal content and in fact is more advantageous with such rich ores.
- the limerock, dolomite, or magnesite may bemined along with the ore in case they occur closely associated, or are 1n close proximity.
- a proportion of metal bearing ore such as a silicious ore containing thelead or other metal as a carbonate is first mixed with the slag from the reducing furnace (hereinafter described) and the proper proportion of limerock, dolomite or magnesite, and passed through the usual series of graduated grinders emerging as a well granulated mixture. This is then passed to the mixer for incorporation with the alkaline or alkaline earth chlorid, usually common salt, and when so mixed is passed through a drier of any preferred construction and then reduced to as fine a pulverulent condition as is possible in a pulverizer of the ordinary type.
- the total amount of chloridizing agent, such as salt, CaCl or a mixture of the two, to be added to the charge will vary from 8 to 10% of the weight of the ore, but this percentage should be increased or decreased slightly according as the quantity of base chloridizable metal increases or decreases.
- the metallic chlorin compounds After the metallic chlorin compounds have been collected, they are mixed with a suflicient amount of a carbonaceous compound, such as ground coal or coal dust, to reduce the reducible metallic compounds to metal,
- the resulting slag will be essentially CaCI containing about 35% calcium and 60% chlorin, the remainder being composed of minor impurities.
- the coal dust is used as a reducing agent and the limerock as a flux.
- the mixture is then placed in a reducing furnace and heated to a smelting temperature, which may be approximately 800 C.
- a smelting temperature which may be approximately 800 C.
- the chlorids of metal are converted into bullion, in the present instance, lead bullion, and the slag consisting of an alkaline or alkaline earth chlorid in which practically all of the chlorin is recovered.
- the slag from the reducing furnace may be used and in fact is intended to be used as the chloridizing agent for the next charge of ore' to be treated.
- roasting collecting the fume from the roaster and mixing it with a reducing agent and a flux; heating the mixture to a furnace temperature sufficient to reduce the metal to its free state; recovering the chlorin compounds in the form of a slag; and mixing such slag with the new charge of silicious ore and alkaline earth mineral.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
GEORGE H. WIGTON,
onnUnEKA, UTAH.
METHOD OF TREATING SILICIOUS ORES.
1(0 Drawing.
T all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, GEORGE H. Wre'ron, a citizen of the United States, residing at Eureka, in the county of J uab and State of Utah, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods ofTreating Silicious Ores; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.
My invention relates to the treatment of silicious ores, and particularly to the treatment of such ores which contain large amounts of base chloridizable metals.
The object of the present invention is to provide a process of treatment of silicious ores in which the usual difliculties due to the stickiness and the clinkering of the furnace charge is obviated.
A further object is to reduce the cost of obtaining the metal content of silicious ores containing large amounts of chloridizable metals.
In my copending application, Serial No. 121,696, filed September 22, 1916, of which the present application is a continuation in part, I have described a process of avoiding the usual stickiness of the furnace charge of finely ground ore, slag and salt, by maintaining all chloridizable particles of the metal exposed to the current ofgas or air in the oxidizing furnace in order to obtain complete volatilization of the metal as a chlorin compound, this bein accomplished by so regulating the composition of the mixture that the temperature required for the formation of slag from such mixture is greater than the temperature required for the volatilization of the metal content. This, however, requires that the ore so treated shall be limited to a content of base metal insufiicient to cause theformation of a slag in the presence of an excess of an alkaline chlorid at the volatilization temperature of the metallic compound content of the ore.
The present application closely parallels the application just mentioned in that it eliminates the usual furnace troubles caused by the stickiness of the charge, but differs in thatthe present method, while suitable for such low grade ores is also applicable to ores having high metal content and in fact is more advantageous with such rich ores.
In the process of volatilizing metalsfrom Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J 11119 3Q 1919 Application filed February 7, 1918 Serial No. 215,801.
silicious ores by mixing the ore with common salt and applying heat, probably the chief difficulty involved in the operation of the volatilization furnace is the tendency of the charge to form compounds fusible at the furnace temperature. This tendency in- To exemplify the formation of fuible compounds, the following reactions are shown, in which the l Ta,,SiO is the fusible compound.
(1) Formation of fusible compounds due to reaction between chloridizable metal, silica, and salt:
PbCO,+2NaOl-|-SiO,+heat= -PbOl l-Na SiO,-ICO (2) Formation of fusible compound due to reaction between oxygen, salt and silica:
(3) Formation of fusible compound due 7 toreaction between steam, salt and silica:
2NaCl-1-H,O+SiO,=Na,SiO,-|2HC1 A number of combinations of the above reactions are possible and probably occur in the furnace, for example,
or, if the furnace is high in moisture:
As pure l Ta,SiO fuses at about the furnace temperature, 1000 C. the cause of the stickiness is obvious- 7 By the addition to the furnace of limerock, dolomite, or *magnesite, bases will be present Whose individual silicates melt at a temperature much higher than the furnace temperature. Moreover, if the proper proportion exists between the basic radical derived from the salt and the bases derived from the limerock. dolomite, or mag'nesite, a mixed silicate will result, whose fusing temperature is also greater than the furnace temperature. Thus, by the addition of limerock, dolomite, or magnesite, in proper amount to the furnace charge, formerly consisting of ore and salt, a mixture can be obtained which is infusible at the furnace temperature and hence will permit of efiicient furnace operation and better extractions by volatilization. This improvement has not only permitted the more efiicient treatment .of ores containing only small amounts of base chloridizable metals, but has also extended the direct application of the process to ores containing much larger quantities of such base metals.
The limerock, dolomite, or magnesite may bemined along with the ore in case they occur closely associated, or are 1n close proximity.
Even the addition of slight amounts of limerock, dolomite, or magnesite will decrease the tendency of the charge to become sticky, 'but for the best results, it has been found that about twice as much (by weight) of limerock, dolomite, or magnesite should be present in the charge as there is salt, although I do not wish to be confined to the addition of any definite amount, as the proportion varies with different ores according to the other bases present.
In carrying out my invention a proportion of metal bearing ore such as a silicious ore containing thelead or other metal as a carbonate is first mixed with the slag from the reducing furnace (hereinafter described) and the proper proportion of limerock, dolomite or magnesite, and passed through the usual series of graduated grinders emerging as a well granulated mixture. This is then passed to the mixer for incorporation with the alkaline or alkaline earth chlorid, usually common salt, and when so mixed is passed through a drier of any preferred construction and then reduced to as fine a pulverulent condition as is possible in a pulverizer of the ordinary type.
For most ores amenable to the process, the total amount of chloridizing agent, such as salt, CaCl or a mixture of the two, to be added to the charge will vary from 8 to 10% of the weight of the ore, but this percentage should be increased or decreased slightly according as the quantity of base chloridizable metal increases or decreases. The slag from the later reduction process, which con sists essentially of CaCl forms therefore a chloridizing agent for the volatilization process.
To obtain the best results, for each base chloridizaible metal in the ore, there should be added an amount of limerock, or other alkaline earth compound, equal to the amount of metal multiplied by the ratio of the atomic weight of the metal to the molecular weight of the limerock. Thus for an ore containing 10% lead, there should be present gas from the roaster to pass through woolen bags which catch the solid particles of metal chlorids or chlorin compounds held in suspension in the gas. Or the compounds of metal with chlorin may be separated from the gas in a Cottrell apparatus. The calcine or refuse from the roaster will be found to contain practically no traces of metal.
After the metallic chlorin compounds have been collected, they are mixed with a suflicient amount of a carbonaceous compound, such as ground coal or coal dust, to reduce the reducible metallic compounds to metal,
and a proportion of ground limerock, or other alkaline earth carbonate, sufficient to supply a chemical equivalent of the reducible metallic compound. If limerock is used, the resulting slag will be essentially CaCI containing about 35% calcium and 60% chlorin, the remainder being composed of minor impurities. The coal dust is used as a reducing agent and the limerock as a flux.
The mixture is then placed in a reducing furnace and heated to a smelting temperature, which may be approximately 800 C. In the furnace the chlorids of metal are converted into bullion, in the present instance, lead bullion, and the slag consisting of an alkaline or alkaline earth chlorid in which practically all of the chlorin is recovered. The slag from the reducing furnace may be used and in fact is intended to be used as the chloridizing agent for the next charge of ore' to be treated.
What is claimed is:
1. The method of treatment of silicious ores, which consists in the addition of limerock to the mixture of ore and a chlorin compound to result in a furnace mixture which will stand a higher temperature without clinkering or becoming sticky than would such first mentioned mixture.
2. The method of treating metal bearing silicious ores which consists in adding to the mixture of ore and a chlorin compound, a mineral containlng an alkaline earth metal, in order to secure a furnace mixture that will not clinker or become sticky at the tem perature of volatilization of the metal content of the ore.
3. In the process of obtaining metal chlorid fumes from silicious ores by heating the finely ground ore with a compound containing chlorin and subjecting such mixture to sufficient heat to volatilize the metal content of the ore as a chlorid; the step of adding to such mixture a compound containing a metal the silicate of which is infusible at the temperature necessary to volatilize the metal of the ore as a chlorid, whereby clinkering and the formation of slag is prevented.
4. The cyclic process of obtaining the metal -content of silicious ores as bullion which consists in the following steps: mixing the ore with sla from the reducing furnace and with a mlneral containing the carbonate of an alkaline earth metal; crushing the mixture; adding an alkaline or alkaline earth chlorid, drying; pulverizing;
roasting, collecting the fume from the roaster and mixing it with a reducing agent and a flux; heating the mixture to a furnace temperature sufficient to reduce the metal to its free state; recovering the chlorin compounds in the form of a slag; and mixing such slag with the new charge of silicious ore and alkaline earth mineral.
5. The cyclic process of obtaining the metal content of silicious ores as bullion which consists in mixing such ore'with slag, a chlorid and a compound containin metal, the silicate of which is infusible at tie temperature of volatilization of the metal of the silicious ore as a chlorid; subjecting such mixture to a furnace of suflicient temperature to volatilize the metal of the silicious ore as a chlorid; collecting such chlorid and mixing same with a reducing agent and a flux; heating such mixture in a reducing furnace, obtaining the metal of the silicious ore as bullion; and returning the slag from the reducing furnace to the cycle for mixture with a fresh charge of ore as above.
GEORGE H. WIGTO'N.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1305327A true US1305327A (en) | 1919-06-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US1305327D Expired - Lifetime US1305327A (en) | Method op treating silicious ores |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2860407A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1958-11-18 | Harold R Grunder | Puller for timing gears of internal combustion engines |
-
0
- US US1305327D patent/US1305327A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2860407A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1958-11-18 | Harold R Grunder | Puller for timing gears of internal combustion engines |
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