US1303727A - Process fob making shrapnel-shells - Google Patents
Process fob making shrapnel-shells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1303727A US1303727A US1303727DA US1303727A US 1303727 A US1303727 A US 1303727A US 1303727D A US1303727D A US 1303727DA US 1303727 A US1303727 A US 1303727A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- shells
- areas
- shrapnel
- casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 12
- 210000000988 Bone and Bones Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
- F42B12/24—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction with grooves, recesses or other wall weakenings
Definitions
- My invention relates to an improvement in the process for making shrapnel shells.
- the object is to provide and construct a shell of a frangible nature, which will be so constructed that it will burst upon explosion into innumerable fragments, due to a difference in the strength of its walls at certain 7 areas.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional vlew before machining
- Fig. 2 is a similar view after machining;
- Fig. 3 is a transverse section through raised areas which may be square, diamond-
- Fig. 4 is a transverse section through l ig. 5 is a view showing the-application of the invention to both surfaces of the shell.
- A is a cast shell, which may have grooves cast in the internal or external surface, or both, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, thus leaving shape, or any other form.
- the shell After casting, the shell is placed in an oven or-retort and heated to a temperature of approximately 1400 F. for the purpose of giving it uniformity of hardness.
- the shell is then removed from the oven or retort, after having reached approximately the degree of temperature specified,
- the shell is thus cast, re-heated and compressed, it is carburized in any approved manner, and with any well-known material, as for instance by the use of granulated bone such as ground bone or any other carbonaceous material. Either or both surfaces may be carburized, but it is my intention to carburize only the grooved surface whether that be the interior or exterior or both sur-' faces of the shell.
- An .approved method of carburizing would be to place the shell in cast-iron boxes, lead crucibles, or whatever containers the manufacturer deems desirable, in which the shell is packed loosely with granulated bone such as ground bone or other carbonaceous material.
- T o harden the shell, it is subjected to a qu'enchin process, and the part of the shell that has I een combined with the carbon will harden to a greater degree than the raised portions, and the quenching process should not be carried sufficiently far to make the shell too brittle for use. Either water, oil, or aircan be used for quenching. This is the last process to which the shell is subjected.
- the completed shell will have a hard, brittle and friable surface, and the harder and more friable placeswill be. in the lines between the original raised areas, which, in theend, have been machined off.
- this is due to the fact thatlthe thinnest part of the shell will have the closestv grain, thus being more susceptibleto carburizing, and hence will be more brittle than the parts under the raised portions which have been re-h'eated and machined'ofi', and the result will be that the shell will break in-practically asmany pieces as there were originally thickened areas.
- the temperature. of annealing of steel castings depends entirely upon the chemical composition. For instance, for an ordinary steel casting of about .30 carbon, With'.60 manganese, .20 silicon, .05 phosphorus, and
- An improved method of constructing shells which consists in casting a shell of 4 steel with a body of varying or irregular thickness, re-heati ng the shell to the required. degree, subjecting it tocompression,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
' w. 0. RICE PROCESS FOR MAKING SHRAPNEL SHELLS.
Patented May 13, 1919.
UNITED STATES PATENT orricn.
1). nice, or commnnr, OHIO.
rnocEss r013. minus SHRAPNEL-SHELLS.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. RICE, a
A citizen of the United States, residing at Conneaut, in the county of Ashtabula and 7 ing Shrapnel-Shells, of
State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for Makwhich the following is a specification.
My invention relates to an improvement in the process for making shrapnel shells.
The object is to provide and construct a shell of a frangible nature, which will be so constructed that it will burst upon explosion into innumerable fragments, due to a difference in the strength of its walls at certain 7 areas.
It therefore consists in a shell of the character specified, and in a method of construction, in which there are a series of operations, to wit:the'casting of a hollow shell of steel, which might be termed commercial cast steel, with walls. of unequal thickness;
7 a re-heating of the shell; compressing the a shell; carburizing the shell; and finally machining and reducing to a perfect surface, whereby-parts are removed, thereby leaving ashell made up of hard and soft areas.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional vlew before machining;
Fig. 2 is a similar view after machining; Fig. 3 is a transverse section through raised areas which may be square, diamond- Fig. 4 is a transverse section through l ig. 5 is a view showing the-application of the invention to both surfaces of the shell.
A, is a cast shell, which may have grooves cast in the internal or external surface, or both, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, thus leaving shape, or any other form.
After casting, the shell is placed in an oven or-retort and heated to a temperature of approximately 1400 F. for the purpose of giving it uniformity of hardness.
The shell is then removed from the oven or retort, after having reached approximately the degree of temperature specified,
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented May 13, 1919.
Application filed September 22, 1917. Serial No. 192,703.
which is the making of the grain in the thinner places of the shell more dense than in the thicker areas.
It is a well-known fact that when steel cools, the thicker portions have'a tendency to pull away from the thinner portions, causing a slight deterioration of the grain in the thinner places, which is known among those engaged in casting steel as shrinkage cracks which have a tendency to weaken the areas where this condition exists, and nothing but re-melting could ever give these places the same consistency as the thicker places of the casting.
After the shell is thus cast, re-heated and compressed, it is carburized in any approved manner, and with any well-known material, as for instance by the use of granulated bone such as ground bone or any other carbonaceous material. Either or both surfaces may be carburized, but it is my intention to carburize only the grooved surface whether that be the interior or exterior or both sur-' faces of the shell.
An .approved method of carburizing would be to place the shell in cast-iron boxes, lead crucibles, or whatever containers the manufacturer deems desirable, in which the shell is packed loosely with granulated bone such as ground bone or other carbonaceous material. T o harden the shell, it is subjected to a qu'enchin process, and the part of the shell that has I een combined with the carbon will harden to a greater degree than the raised portions, and the quenching process should not be carried sufficiently far to make the shell too brittle for use. Either water, oil, or aircan be used for quenching. This is the last process to which the shell is subjected.
There is a final machining which takes place which'results in removing the thickened portions left by the grooves in casting, thus making the shell of uniform thickness instead of irregular thickness as at the beginning; and it is due to this final machining, which removes or'reduces these thickened areas, and, consequently, the carburized or hardened surface of these areas, that the completed shell is made up of hard and soft areas, which results in its fracture, upon an explosion taking place, ina maximum number of parts. v
By means of this improved process, the completed shell will have a hard, brittle and friable surface, and the harder and more friable placeswill be. in the lines between the original raised areas, which, in theend, have been machined off. As previously stated, this is due to the fact thatlthe thinnest part of the shell will have the closestv grain, thus being more susceptibleto carburizing, and hence will be more brittle than the parts under the raised portions which have been re-h'eated and machined'ofi', and the result will be that the shell will break in-practically asmany pieces as there were originally thickened areas.
' The temperature. of annealing of steel castings depends entirely upon the chemical composition. For instance, for an ordinary steel casting of about .30 carbon, With'.60 manganese, .20 silicon, .05 phosphorus, and
' .105 sulfur, the 'annealingtemperature would ard for theiordinary steel casting.
be approximately 1575 to 1600. This would be lowered for a higher carbon and raised fora lower carloeon,v It would likewise be raised for. a lower manganese and lowered for which I have given are approximately-.stand .1 do not desire a)v be limited to an -paticular method of casting, 're -heating,,c omthickness,
quired degree, subjecting it to compression,-
a higher manganese, but the. figures carburizing the irregular surface to a suitable depth, and finally machining or otherwise removing the irregular surface to give -it' uniformity, thereby removing thethickenedareas and the portions thereof which are hardened, and leaving. the, intervening hardened areas. r
'- .2. An improved method of constructing shells, which consists in casting a shell of 4 steel with a body of varying or irregular thickness, re-heati ng the shell to the required. degree, subjecting it tocompression,
case hardening the irregular surface to a suitable depth, then machining or otherwise 50 removing vthe. irregular surface to give it uniform ty, then re-heating and finally quenching. w
- In testimony, whereof I aflix my signature.
- WILLIAM- D. RICE.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1303727A true US1303727A (en) | 1919-05-13 |
Family
ID=3371261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1303727D Expired - Lifetime US1303727A (en) | Process fob making shrapnel-shells |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1303727A (en) |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2765738A (en) * | 1950-07-27 | 1956-10-09 | Olin Mathieson | Mushrooming projectiles |
| US3566794A (en) * | 1958-11-26 | 1971-03-02 | Us Navy | Controlled fragmentation of multi-walled warheads |
| US3590451A (en) * | 1967-03-31 | 1971-07-06 | Louis Dessart | Process for fabricating an offensive and defensive projectile head, and projectile head produced according to this process |
| US3994752A (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1976-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Annealing treatment for controlling warhead fragmentation size distribution |
| US4035202A (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1977-07-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Annealing treatment for controlling warhead fragmentation size distribution |
| US4494461A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1985-01-22 | Olin Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing |
| US4495869A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1985-01-29 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Fuzeless annular wing projectile |
| US4537242A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1985-08-27 | Olin Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing |
| US4579059A (en) * | 1984-03-27 | 1986-04-01 | Abraham Flatau | Tubular projectile having an explosive material therein |
| US4594117A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1986-06-10 | Olin Corporation | Copper base alloy for forging from a semi-solid slurry condition |
| US4638535A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1987-01-27 | Olin Corporation | Apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing |
| US5313887A (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1994-05-24 | J.E.M. Smoke Machine Company | Pyrotechnic device |
| US5648637A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1997-07-15 | Clark, Iii; George D. | Multi-disk shell |
| US6484642B1 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-11-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fragmentation warhead |
| US6694888B2 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2004-02-24 | Bill Jopson | Frangible bullet |
| US20060112847A1 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-01 | Lloyd Richard M | Wide area dispersal warhead |
| FR2961590A1 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2011-12-23 | Nexter Munitions | Bomb, has fragilization network formed by helical lines including pitch that is constant along rear cylindrical part, where pitch is regularly crossed along warhead front part, so that delimited splinters comprise same mass |
| WO2017168146A1 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of creating a fragmentation pattern on a warhead |
| US11187507B2 (en) * | 2014-01-01 | 2021-11-30 | Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. | Interception missile and warhead therefor |
-
0
- US US1303727D patent/US1303727A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2765738A (en) * | 1950-07-27 | 1956-10-09 | Olin Mathieson | Mushrooming projectiles |
| US3566794A (en) * | 1958-11-26 | 1971-03-02 | Us Navy | Controlled fragmentation of multi-walled warheads |
| US3590451A (en) * | 1967-03-31 | 1971-07-06 | Louis Dessart | Process for fabricating an offensive and defensive projectile head, and projectile head produced according to this process |
| US3994752A (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1976-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Annealing treatment for controlling warhead fragmentation size distribution |
| US4035202A (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1977-07-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Annealing treatment for controlling warhead fragmentation size distribution |
| US4495869A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1985-01-29 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Fuzeless annular wing projectile |
| US4494461A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1985-01-22 | Olin Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing |
| US4537242A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1985-08-27 | Olin Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing |
| US4594117A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1986-06-10 | Olin Corporation | Copper base alloy for forging from a semi-solid slurry condition |
| US4638535A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1987-01-27 | Olin Corporation | Apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing |
| US4579059A (en) * | 1984-03-27 | 1986-04-01 | Abraham Flatau | Tubular projectile having an explosive material therein |
| US5375523A (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1994-12-27 | J.E.M. Smoke Machine Company, Ltd. | Pyrotechnic device |
| US5313887A (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1994-05-24 | J.E.M. Smoke Machine Company | Pyrotechnic device |
| US5648637A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1997-07-15 | Clark, Iii; George D. | Multi-disk shell |
| US6484642B1 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-11-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fragmentation warhead |
| US6694888B2 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2004-02-24 | Bill Jopson | Frangible bullet |
| US7717042B2 (en) | 2004-11-29 | 2010-05-18 | Raytheon Company | Wide area dispersal warhead |
| US20090320711A1 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2009-12-31 | Lloyd Richard M | Munition |
| US20060112847A1 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-01 | Lloyd Richard M | Wide area dispersal warhead |
| FR2961590A1 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2011-12-23 | Nexter Munitions | Bomb, has fragilization network formed by helical lines including pitch that is constant along rear cylindrical part, where pitch is regularly crossed along warhead front part, so that delimited splinters comprise same mass |
| US11187507B2 (en) * | 2014-01-01 | 2021-11-30 | Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. | Interception missile and warhead therefor |
| WO2017168146A1 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of creating a fragmentation pattern on a warhead |
| GB2563770A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-12-26 | Us Gov Sec Army | Method of creating a fragmentation pattern on a warhead |
| KR20190024871A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2019-03-08 | 유.에스. 거번먼트 애즈 레프리젠티드 바이 더 세크리터리 오브 디 아미 | How to create a debris pattern on a warhead |
| US10416564B1 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2019-09-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Lithographic fragmentation technology |
| AU2017243193B2 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2023-03-16 | U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of creating a fragmentation pattern on a warhead |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US1303727A (en) | Process fob making shrapnel-shells | |
| US2125606A (en) | Method of treating piston rings | |
| US1025817A (en) | Method of making structures for superheating and other purposes. | |
| US1553825A (en) | Method of making guns and other hollow metal articles | |
| US1862191A (en) | Method of making refractory articles | |
| US1909553A (en) | Manufacture of carburized articles | |
| US1340308A (en) | Method of making earthenware articles | |
| US1813507A (en) | Steel ingot | |
| USRE14820E (en) | Parts | |
| US844675A (en) | Manufacture of armor-piercing projectiles. | |
| US574668A (en) | Process of making carbonized steel for armor-plates | |
| KR20200060926A (en) | Method for manufacturing vibratory ring for damper pulley and vibratory ring manufactured by the same | |
| US3141801A (en) | Method of hardening a case hardened steel | |
| US1188759A (en) | Composition for artificial building material, trimmings, &c. | |
| US1537839A (en) | Manufacture of metal blanks | |
| US1282467A (en) | Process of producing and finishing gears and other carbonized-steel parts. | |
| US2538239A (en) | Method for hardening cast iron | |
| US996558A (en) | Method of making armor-plate. | |
| US442065A (en) | Peooess of hardening oe tempeeing steel peojeotiles | |
| US1357705A (en) | Manufacture of shells | |
| US813394A (en) | Method of making safes or vaults. | |
| US765876A (en) | Stamp shoe or die. | |
| US882620A (en) | Burglar-proof safe and vault. | |
| US2433429A (en) | Dry press insulating firebrick | |
| US1915091A (en) | Method of heat treating white iron castings |