US1302584A - Method of forming bearings. - Google Patents

Description

L. OLSEN.

METHOD OF FORMING BEARINGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2, 19:8.

I Patented May 6, 1919.

WITNESS. (mm/TOR Wm WM PATENT or nr nin'rnoro or romaine renames.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patentedlttlay 61, 19th).

Application filed march a, 1918. Serial No. 220,0!2.

To all whom z'zfimap concern:

Be it known that T, LAWRENCE OLSEN, a. citizen of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, Marion county, and State of Indiana, have invented and discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Forming Bearings, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a method of lining bearings and particularly to processes for forming bearings having two metals united,

- such as bronze backed Babbitt metal bearmgs.

The object of the invention is to provide a method whereby a bearing composed of Babbitt metal or similar metal and a backing of bronze, or other metal, may be produced with great rapidity and in which the lining is of uniform density and the two metals are integrally and firmly united by a tight bond with uniform adherence throughout their entire surface.

The method may be carried out by employing in the practice thereof a machine such as is shown in the accompanying drawings. In these drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section through a centrifugally operating machine, and Fig. 2 a cross section of the bearing after it has been lined and preliminary to its finishing.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates a casting of bronze, preferably in the form of a hollow shell, which may be of the same length as the member to be formed or may be, and preferably is, of a length equal to the sum of thelengths of several members to be formed. This casting may first be machined, but preferably not to its final thickness. The diameter of the shell is greater than that of the half-member to be formed to allow for reduction due to splitting unless the member may be specified as a diameter less than full half size in which case the provision of original oversize may be omitted. llt is then treated with a suitable acid and dipped in a tank of solder or molten tin so as to completely cover the same both interiorly and exteriorly, and thereby provide a more efiective adhering surface for the Babbitt metal which is to be applied thereto. The shell is then wiped on the exterior to remove excess solder and preserve the shell and its coating substantially concentric. This coating of solder is indicated by the numeral 2. The shell is then placed upon the bed plate 3 of a frame of a machine which is somewhat similar in general construction and operation to a centrlfugal die casting machine, and is clamped between the said bed and a head 4.

The head 4 is rigidly connected by means of bolts 5 with a base plate 6. The head 4 and base plate 6 are relatively movable vertically with respect to the bed 3, whereby the shell may be clamped between the head and bed members and released therefrom. The bed 3 is rigidly clamped to a rotatable shaft 7 and the base plate 6 is mounted on said shaft so as to rotate therewith but be capable of vertical movement thereon. To this end the base plate is provided with a longitudinal sleeve 8 keyed to the shaft and to which sleeve are secured bearings 9 coacting with bearing members 10 which in turn are fixed to a non-rotatable vertically movable sleeve 11. The sleeve 11 is provided with a longitudinal rack bar 12 adapted to be engaged by a pinion 13 suitably mounted in the frame work 14 of the machine, and on the shaft of which pinion suitable handle members 15 are fixed whereby the pinion may be rotated soas to reciprocate the rack bar and thus raise or lower the sleeve 11, and the base and head plates 6 and 4. The shaft 7 is adapted to be driven through gearing 16 receiving power from any suitable source. On the shaft is mounted a brake member 18 which may be manipulated in any suitable manner for the purpose of checking the momentum of the shaft and bringing the parts to a quick stop when the power is thrown off.

After the coated shell has been clamped on the machine the driving mechanism of the latter is connected so as to rotate the carrier consisting of plates 4, 3 and 6 and then molten Babbitt metal is poured into the shell through the opening 19 in the head plate 4. In the rotation of the machine, the Babbitt metal will be thrown by centrifugal force against the inner surface of the bronze shell and will effectively cover the entire surface thereof and form a lining 20, the close coalescence or adherence of which to the surface of the casting will be uniform throughout. Owing probably to the fact that the center of the shell is coincident with the center of distribution by centrifugal force, the lining is of uniform density throughout. The shell is then removed and bored to reduce the interior surface to the pro er diameter and to maintain a smooth sur ace. Then the shell is machined off on the exterior thereof to reduce the bronze body of the shell to the required thickness and by the same operation the coating is removed and during the same step the shell is cut transversely into lengths corresponding to the number of members to be formed. The rings thus formed are then cut longitudinally of the axis of the shell to form half sections. When a section of a full semicircle, or one greater than full semi-clrcle, is specified the original shell 1s made over size in diameter to allow for the reduction produced by the longitudinal cuts in dividing the rings into half sections and also for forming the member into true full shape. The bearing is then bent or pressed 1nto final form and the edge surfaces out off at proper planes to enable them to fit the opposing member on which they are adapted to be supported whereby when finally formed the half section will be of the exact size required. This method enables two full half size sections, or two oversize sections to be obtained from a single piece of stock, thus avoiding the loss of material that would be occasioned were it necessary to form a section of less than one-half size which section would have to be discarded since it would not fit the other section of the stock.

In bronze backed Babbitt bearings, or similar united metal bodies, heretofore made according to the usual practice 1n forming the same either by merely pouring the molten metal within the casting forming the outside body which is held stationary, or by die casting, blow holes are frequently formed in the linlng and also great difiiculty has been encountered, particularly in the latter practice, in obtaining uniform density of the inner metal and a tight and uniform bonding of the two bodies. Also in the die cast method, difficulty exists in forming castings of this character owing to the necessity of forcing the metal through the small openings left between the outer metal bodies occupying the die and the opposing die wall. The rejections under test of bearings made according to the first practice frequently run as high as seventy-five per cent, while it has been found with bearings made according to the method herein described the rejections have been less than one per cent. The present method also enables stock to be turn-ed out with great rapidity and in lengths which will permit of the division of the shell transversely into a multiplicity of bearing members.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. The method of producing substantially semi-cylindrical bearing members having two metal bodies united which consists in forming a body of one metal in a hollow aoaeaa continuous cylindrical shell open at both ends, mounting said shell upon a rotatable member which closes one end of the shell, introducing the other metal in a molten condition into the open end of said shell, employing said shell as the sole die for the lateral (part of the inner body to be formed, and casting the molten metal against the inner surface of said shell to form a lining integral therewith and then dividing the lined shell longitudinally to form bearing members.

2. The method of forming substantially semi-cylindrical bearing members composed of two united bodies of metal which consists in forming a. hollow continuous cylindrical shell of one metal with both ends open, mounting said shell upon a rotatable member which closes one end thereof, pouring the other metal in molten condition in the end of the shell and rotating the shell to cast the molten metal by centrifugal force against the inner surface of the shell to form a lining therefor while employing said shell as the sole die for the lateral part of the inner body to be formed and then removing said lined shell and dividing the same longitudinally to form semi-cylindrical bearing members. I

3. The method of forming semi-cylindrical bearing members of two metals united which consists in forming a hollow continuous cylindrical shell of one metal the length of which shell is a multiple of the lengths of the members to be formed, mounting said 100 shell upon a rotatable member which closes one end thereof, and employing said shell as the sole die member for the lateral part of the inner body to be formed, pouring the other metal in molten condition in the open 1 end of the shell and rotating said member to cast the molten metal against the inner surface of the shell to form a lining therefor, removing said lined shell and dividing the same longitudinally and transversely to 110 form bearing members.

4. The method of forming backed metal bearings which consists in forming a hollow cylind ical continuous shell of greater diameter than that of the final form, coating the 115 shell with a solder compound, closing one end of the shell and rotating the same while pouring the other metal in a molten condition into the other end to enable it to be carried against and united with the interior 12 neoaeee shell of one metal with both ends open,

mounting said shell upon a rotatable member which closes one end thereof, pouring the other metal in molten condition in the end of the shell and rotating the shell to cast the molten metal by centrifugal force against the inner surface of the shell to form a lining therefor, while employing said shell as the sole die for the lateral part of the inner body to be formed, and then removing said lined shell.

7. The method of forming semi-cylindrical bearing membersof'two metals united which consists in forming a hollow continuous cylindrical shell of one metal, mounting said shell upon a rotatable member which closes one end thereof, and employing said shell as the sole die member for the lateral part of the inner body to be formed, pouring the other metal in molten condition in the open end of the shell and rotating said member to cast the molten metal against the inner surface of the shell to form a lining therefor.

8. The method of forming backed metal bearings which consists'in forming a hollow cylindrical continuous shell of greater diameter than that of the final form, coating the shell with a solder compound, closing one end of the shell and rotating the same while pouring the other metal in a molten condition into the other end to enable it to be carried against and united with the interior surface by centrifugal force.

9. The process of a plying a babbitt lining to the interior sur ace of a bearing shell, consisting in applying a wash of molten solder to said surface, rapidly rotating said shell while resting upon a coaxially disposed subjacent platform, and pourin thereinto and upon said platform a quantity of fluid babbitt for projection against the soldered interior surface of said bearing shell by the centrifugal influence of the rotation of the same and of said platform.

10. The process of applying a babbitt lining to the interior surface of a bearing shell, consisting in coating said surface with a film of adherent heated soft metal, positioning said shell coaxially upon a rotative subjacent platform, and rapidly rotating said platform contemporaneously with the pouring into the open top of said shell of molten metal which is centrifugally projected against the interior surface by the rotative movement of said platform.

11. The process of lining the interior surface of a bearing shell with babbitt, consisting in resting the shell upon a subjacent platform, rapidly rotating the same about the axis of said shell, and pouring molten babbitt through the open top end of said shell while the rotation ,is in progress, the centrifugal influence thereof upon the molten babbitt serving to apply it with substantial uniformity to the interior surface of the shell and to make it adherent thereto while cooling.

' 12. The process of lining the prepared 1nterior surface of a bearing shell with babbitt, consisting in closing the lower end thereof while in vertical position, and rapidly rotating the same contemporaneously With the pouring into the open top thereof of fluid babbitt, for substantially uniform centrifugal projection against said interior surface.

13. The process of applying a babbitt lining to the interior of a cylindrical-shell,

which consists in temporarily closing one end of said shell and rapidly rotating it while pouring upon the end closure a quantity of fluid babbitt. y

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal at Indianapolis, Indiana this 12 day of February, A. D. nineteen hundred and eighteen.

LAWRENCE OLSEN. Witnesses:

H. P. DOOLITTLE, M. L. SHULER.

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