US1297246A - Process of making calcium or other metal nitrocarbid. - Google Patents

Description

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UNITED STATES PATENT. oFFIcE.

' JAMES HENRY REID, 0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 INTERNATIONAL NITROGEN COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

PROCESS OF MAKING CALCIUM OR OTHER METAL NITROCARBID.

No Drawing.

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HENRY REID, a citizen of the United States, residing at 352 Mulberry avenue, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processesof Making Calcium or other Metal Nitrocarbid, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the fixation of nitrogen and the making of metal nitro-carbids, such ascyanamids, and .comprises combining nitrogen, while under super-atmospheric pressure, with metal 1 and carbon by exposing metal carbid to the action of nitrogen and heat, while under superatmospherie pressure, in such a manner that the carbid is applied to the nitrogen at a temperature sufficient to elevate the nitrogen to a point suitable for its combination or re- 3 action and fixation while under pressure and particularly by introducing molten metal carbid, such as calcium carbid, into nitrogen which is under super-atmospheric 'p-ressure, and performing the fixation of the nitrogen upon cooling of the carbid to the;

combining point, with the simultaneous heating of the nitrogen while under pressure to the initial combining point, in contradistinction to and from the prior art which reveals the supplying of heat and nitrogen to metal carbid to elevate the temperature up to a comblning point or, change it from a lower tov a higher temperature instead of from a higher to a lower temperature which constitutes one of the features of the present invention.

As an example of the process the making of calcium nitrocarbid, such as calcium cyanamid, from calcium carbid by the action of nitrogen under pressure will be taken.

Calcium carbid in a molten state and preferably that which is freshly reduced and made or tapped from afurnace where formed, is introduced into a suitable chamber containing nitrogen gas, which is preferably under a pressure of six atmospheres and allowed to fall through the atmosphere of compressed nitrogen until the nitrogen combined therewith't'hrough the cooling of the carbid and simultaneous heating of the nitrogen gas creating a temperature selec- ,tive to the combination which results inthe formation of.calcium niti'e n-arbid, such as cyanamid, and free carbon in accordance Specification of Letters Patent.

in the city of Newark,

Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

Application filed June 28, 1915. Serial No. 36,659.

with the following chemical reaction or equat1on:

CaC +2N+pressure+heat= CaCN As the carbid seizes the nitrogen and fixes the same, more nitrogen is supplied from time to time to compensate for that com-' bined, provided any is required over that sufficient to satisfy the carbid in its conversion.

The heat necessary for the initiation or starting of the reaction is carried with the carbid and hence is more ositive and controlled and of greater heating effect than in the prior art where heat from exterior combustion or other means is passed through a retort or container to heat cold carbid which results not only necessarily in expense by loss in the production of combustion heat and through heat resistance of the retort but also in difiiculties experienced through the heat non-conductive carbid together with the surroundin heat non-conductive nitrogen which pro uces a heat condition-almost impossible to control or regulate, thereby increasing the difficulty in maintaining the ingredients within or at a temperature selective for complete or quick. conversion of carbid int cyanamid 'or the'fixation of nitrogen. 3

The heat liberated by the reaction and the heat conveyed to the nitrogen through the medium of molten carbid coact to facilitate the transformation of the carbid and fixation of the nitrogen which fixation progresses after the starting of the reaction and adjusts the temperature with the production of product. a Any suitable carbid may be employed instead of calcium carbid and the carbld may be of simple, compound, composite or complex nature, such as double carbids of calcium and hydrogen, calcium and barium, etc., without departing from. the spirit of the invention, so longas the molten carbid is introduced in the nitrogen or nitrogen carrying yielding ordelivering substance such as bituminous coal, at elevated temperatures preferably induced by electrical resistance, which results in a carbid which melts and flows at a lower temperature than that ordinarily obtained because of its con taining hydrogen in the combination or association which also facilitates the conversion into cyanamid in accordance with the following chemical formula or equation equation By subjecting metal carbict, such as calcium carbid, to the action of nitrogen under pressure, the earbid being introduced in a molten state and more perfect conversion of the carbid into nitro-carhid, such as cyanamid, is accomplished in less time and in a more perfect and controlled manner and at lower temperatures than under ordinary atmospheric pressure whereby a longer period or Wider scope of temperature Within which nitrogen combines with the carhid results.

The nitrogen may be supplied from time to time to maintain the pressure and a sufficient supply of nitrogen to combine with the metal carbid desired to be transformed into nitro-carbid or cyanamid.

The pressure is found to be preferably about six atmospheres when the conversion of calcium car-bid into calcium nitro-carhid or cyanamid by the action of nitrogen is desired but any selective pressure may be employed in connection with the calcium can bid or other metal carbicl or hydrocarbids desired Without departing from the spirit of the invention.

greater than that of atmospheric under normal conditions, \'iz.:l5 pounds to the square inch, and is not intended to limit the operation process to any particular pressure which may ditler according to the character of the material to which hined therewith.

3. '1 process of making metal nitro-carlndn which comprises exposing molten I l carbid to the action of nitrogen while mder superatrnospheric pressure.

0. The process oi making metal nitrocarbid which comprises conveying heat to a Zone of reaction between metal carbid and while under super-atmospheric pressure, through the medium of molten or liquefied metal cl fbid.

l. The process mahingmetal nitro-earhid uh COIQP'LIeBS introducing a molten calMum-containing carbid into an atmos pliers ot' nitrogemnhich is under superatmospheric pressure, and maintaining the,

association of the ingredients until nitrocn has combined therewith.

bid. which comprises exposing mo ten calcium containing carhid to the action of nitrogen While under superatmospheric pressure.

(l. The process of making calcium nitrocarhid which comprises introducing molten calcium carbid into an atmosphere of nitro gen, which is under super-atmospheric pressure, and maintaining the association 0:. the ingredients until nitrogen has combined therewith.

7. The process of melting calcitun nitrocarhid, which comprises exposing molten calcium carbid to the action of nitrogen while under super-atmospheric pressure a. The process of making metal nitro-carcarhid which comprises conveying heat to a zone of reaction between calcium carbid and nitrogen, While under superatmospheric pressure, through the medium of molten or liquefied metal carhid.

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