US1287346A - Stone-cutting machine. - Google Patents

Description

0. W. KRUM. STONE C-U'HING MACHINE. APPucmou mm um: I. ma.

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0. W. KRUM.

STGNi CUTTING MACHINE.

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1,287,346. Patented Dec. 10, 1918.

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0. W. KRUM.

STONE CUTTING MACHINE.

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Patented DEC-10,1918.

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Patented Dec 10, 191B.

8 SHEETS5HEET 8- WITNESSES ATTORNEYS o'rrs w. Racis or NEW YORK, my.

STONE-CUTTINQ ntnonnm.

Specification of Letters Yatent.

Entented Dec. 10, 1918..

Application filed June 1, 1915. Serial No. 82,406.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OTIS \V. KRUM, a citieen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New Yorlg, Springfield Gardens, borough of Queens, in the county of Queens and State of New York, have invented a new and improved Stone-Cutting Machine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object ofthe invention is to provide a new and improved machine for cutting granite or other stone and other materials to ornament the face thereof according to a predetermined design and Without requiring undue physical exertion on the part of the operator.

In order to accomplish the desired result, use is made of a row of chisels or hammers, actuated simultaneously by power, longitudinal feeding means for simultaneously feeding the ehisels bodily in the direction of the length of tho row of chisels, and feeding means for simultaneously feeding the said chisels up or down. Use is also made of rocking means for rocking the row of chisels. in transverse direction to set the ehisels at. a desired angle relatively to the Work,

and use is also made of adjusting means for adjusting the row of ohisels in a transverse direction. 7

A practical einhodiment of the invention represented in the accompanying draw ings forming a. port of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indionto corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure l is a plan View of the cutting ma.- chine;

Fig. is a sectional front elevation of the smile on the line 2-2 of 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse Section of the same on the line 33 01E 1 Fig. 4 an elevation of the right-hand end of the cntting machine;

Fig. 5 is 331 enlarged sectional front elevation of one of the power-driven Chisels;

Fig. (i is a cross section of the same on the line. 66 of Fig. 5; I

Fig. 7 is ti sectional plan View of the same on the line i"-''( of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a sectional plan View of the chisel holder. the section being on the line of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged side elevetion of the cam device for imparting a. longitudinal traveling motion to the carriage carrying the row of chisels;

Fig. IQ is an enlarged cross section of the mechanism for rocking the carriage bed and for lHOfillIlg the bearing for the carriage bed up and down on the head and for shifting the'letter transversely on the guideway, the section being on the line 10--1(1 of Fig. 11;

1 Fig. 11 is asectional side elevation of the some on the line 11-11 of Fig. 1G;

Fig. i2 is a sectional plan. view of the same onthe line 12--12 of Fig. 1G; I r r ,Fig. 13 is an enlarged rear elevation of the meansifor automatically cutting off the pos er from one of the end chisels; and Fig. 14 a rear elevation of the machine.

cutting machine is mounted on a. suite hl s constrncted frame A. and we; is made l 7 "re gangs or rows of cutting tools Eel-ably in the form of chisels, and adapted to cut on the face of a block C of stone or other material. As shown in the drawings, one longitudinal row of cutting tools B is employed to cut the uppermost face of the block G with a View to ornament the same according toe. predetermined design (7' (see Fig. 3), preferably marked on one side endof the block as a. guide 9; the operator to enable the latter to correctly set the tools B. as hereinafter more fully explained. The cutting tools B are re ino'tqabi g held in holders 1) carried by a carriage E mounted to travel in a longitudinal direction, that is, in the direction of the row of cutting tools, on a bed F provided at its ends with trunnions G journaled in bearings H mounted to slide up and down in heads I mounted to slide in a. transnerse direction on guidewnys J attached to or forming part of the main frame A. By the arrangement deserihed the bed F can be turned to set the cutting tools B into a rightengle position relatively to the configuration of the design to be produced on the face of the block C, and oy'having the bearings H verticslly adjnstehle on the heads. I the bed F with the carriage E and the tools B thereon can be raised or lowered. and by making the heads I adjostal'ile in a transverse direction the bearings 11, bed F. carriage E and the tools B mounted thereon can he adj Listed in a transverse dire tier; so as to bring the cutting tools B transversely into the desired position relatively to the predetermined design C.

In order to actuate the cutting tools 13, use made of power devices, preferably in the form of pneumatic hammers, havin their cylinders K disposed vertically an mounted to slide in hearings E attached to or forming part of the carriage E. Each cylinder K has the piston rod K of its piston K in axial alinenient with the corresponding cutting tool B so that the lower end of the piston rod K normally rests on the upper end of thc cuttiw tool B, which latter is normally held in an uppermost position by a spring B resting on top of the corresponding holder D and engaging a. collar B near the upper end of the cutting tool B, as plainly shown in Fig. 6. It will be noticed that by the arrangement described the spring B not only sustains the cutting tool B but also the weight of the piston K used for imparting blows to the cutting tool B against the tension of its spring B, whereby the cutting edge of the tool B cuts into the face of the block C. Each cylinder K is provided at its upper end with a pipe K (OllllQCtBCi by hose L with a branch pipe L having a valve L and connected with a main supply pipe L attached to the carriage 1* and connected by hose L (see Fig. 2) with a suitable source of pressure supply, preferably compressed air. Thus when the valves L are in open position the compressed air can pass into the cylinder K to actuate the pistons K therein and thus cause the piston rods ii to impart blows to the cutting tools B in rapid succession for the purpose previously mentioned.

In order to impart a reciprocating movement to the carriage E on the carriage bed i the following arrangement is made: (in the middle of the carriage E are arranged plates N yieldingly mounted on the arriage E by springs N and between the plates N is arranged a heart-shaped cam N engaging with its peripheral face the opposite faces of the plates N, as plainly indicated in Fig 2 and 9. The cam N is attached to a can] shaft N extendingtranewersely in a rearward direction and journaled in suitable hearings F attached to the carriage bed F. The rear end of the am shaft N is connccted by a universal joint N wit h a shaft N connected by a universal joint N with a shaft N mounted to turn and to slide in a suitable bearing N attached to the main frame A. Fig. 3). The shaft N" is connected by key and keyway with a worm wheel 0 in mesh with a. Worm O secured on a shaft extending longitudinally at the hack of the main frame A and journalcd in suitable hearings a rrauged on the said frame.

The wheel 0 is held against sliding more ment by the bearing (see Fig. 3). in the shaft 0 is secured a friction wheel 0 in frictional Contact with a friction pinion U StirlilQti on the main shaft P journaled in suitable bearings arranged on the main frame A. The main shaft lr provided with fast and loose pulleys I" connected by a bcit with other machil'icry for imparting a rotary motion to the main shaft P which by the pinion (J and the wheel 0 imparts a turning motion to the shaft (1 which by the norm 0" and worm wheel 0 rotates the shafts K", N and N thus rotating the cam X and therebv causuw the cam to im Jar! a reciprocating movement to the carriage ii. The throw of the (EH51 N corresponds ap proximately to the distance between adja [Ollh cutting tools B.

It is understood that a rough block of granite has a very irregular surface, and its face is cut by the tools ii through a percussion action and consequently the tool can not be dragged or forced through the irreeqularities and therefore a resiliency must be provided in the movement of the carriage E to remove a non-\vorking tool from contact with the face of the block. The natural spring in the steel tool and in the granite under a blow provides certain almost instautaneous removals from the face of the granite and permits the movement of the carriage, but sometimes there will he (le lays very slight ones) in this clearance and these have to be provided for by give and take in the carriage movement and consequently the cam N is in contact with the yielding plates N held on the carriage.

in order to ro: k the bed F and with it the carriage E and the cutting tools and power lHLIHIi'JOI'S mounted thereon, the following arrangement is made, special reference being had to Figs. i, 2, 10, l1 and 1;: On one of the trunnions G, preferably the one on the right-hand side, is secured or formed a mental worm wheel G in mesh with a worm G secured on a worm shaft G disposed \'ertically and journaled in suitable bearings H arranged on the bearing H. )n the lower end of the haft (i is secured a handle (i under the control of the operator to en able the latter to turn the worm shaft G and with it the worm G to turn the worm wheel i and with it the trunnion G to ro k the carriage bed F until the cutting tools l5 permit the desired rightangle position relatively to the configuration of the desig-i to be produced on the face of the blo k (1.

In order to impart an up and down feeding movement to the bearings H, the fot lowing arrangement is made: The bearings H are provided at their upper ends with nuts H in which screw vertically disposed screw rods H mounted to turn in the top of the heads I, so that when the screw rods ion lU-i) naemaee H are turned a vertical sliding movement is given to the bearings H and consequently to the bed F, the carriage E, the tools B and the power hammers. The upper ends of the screw rods H are provided with bevel gear wheels H* in mesh with bevel gear wheels H connected by keys and keyways with transversely extending shafts H journaled in suitable hearings on the main frame A. The rear ends of the shafts H are provided with bevel gear wheels H in n'rcsh with bevel gear wheels H secured on the ends of a longitudinally extending shaft H jonrnaled in suitable bearings arranged on the back of the main frame A. The bevel gear wheels H are engaged by brackets I held on the heads I so as to move with the latter along the shafts H whenever the heads I are moved in a transverse direction, as hereinafter more fully explained. On the shaft H (see Figs. 1, 3, d and 14) is secured a friction wheel Q adapted to be driven from a friction wheel Q on the main shaft P by the use of a friction pinion Q? and double friction pinions Q journnled in an arm Q and disposed on opposite sides of a vertical plane passing through the centers of the shafts P and H. The arm Q is hung on the lower end of a lever Q fulcrnmcd loosely on the shaft H and connected at its upper end with a handle Q under the control of the operator, the handle Q extending transversely across the top of the machine to be within convenient reach of the operator standing in front of the machine. Normally the friction pinions Q and Q are out of engagement with the friction Wheels Q and Q, but when the handle Q is moved forwardly in the direction of the arrow at then a swinging movement is given to the lever Q whereby the friction pinion Q is moved in contact with both wheels Q, and Q so that the rotary motion of the wheel Q, is transmitted by the pinion Q to the wheel Q to rotate the shaft H The rotary motion of theshaft H is transmitted by bevel gear wheels H H to the shafts H which by the bevel gear wheels H H rotate the screw rods H simultaneously to move the bearings H downward until the tools B are in thedesired position relatively to the face of the block C. lVhen this position has been reached the handle Q is returned to normal position, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the pinions Q Q are both out of contact with the wheels Q and Q. When it is desired to raise the gnideways H and consequently the tools B, the operator pushes the handle Q rearward to move the friction pinions Q into engagement with the wheels Q and Q to rotate the shafts H", H and the screw rods H in a reverse direction with a view to raise the hearings H, and when the desired position is reached the handle Q is returned to normal charge of the position to move the pinion Q out of mesh with the wheels Q and Q.

In order to move the heads I simultaneously in a transverse direction and with them the bearings H, the bed F, the tools B and the pneumatic hammers, the following arrangement is made: T ransversescrew rods R screw in nuts I on the heads I (see Fig. 2) and the said screw reg R are journaled in suitable bearings arranged on the gnideways J and the main frame A. The rear ends of the rode it are provided with bevel gear wheels R in mesh with bevel gear wheels R secured on a shaft R extending longitudinally and journaled in suitable bearings arranged on the main frame A, as plainly shown in Figs. 1 and 14. On the shaft R is secured a friction wheel R adapted to be engaged by either a friction pinion R or double friction pinions R also adapted to move into engagement with a friction wheel P attached to or secured on the main shaft P. The pinions R and R are jonrnaled on an arm R pivoted on a. bell crank lever B fulcrunied loosely on the shaft R The upper end oi the bell crank lever R is connected with a handle R extending over the top of the machine to the front thereof so as to be within convenient reach of the operator in machine. Normally the friction pinions R and R are out ofengagement with the eripheral face of the wheel R (see Fig. 3? and when it is desired to shift the heads I transversely then the operator pushes the handle R" either forward or rearward according to the direction in which the heads I are to be moved at the time. Thus when the operator pushes the handle R forward in the direction of the arrow as (see Fig. 3) then the bell crank lever R is rocked to throw the pinions R inengegement with the wheels R mall, and as the latter rotates with theshaft P it is evident that a revolving motion is transmitted by the wheels P pinion R and wheel R to the shaft R which by the bevel gear wheels R R rotates both screws rods R simultaneously to move the heads I simultaneously in aforirard direction on the guideways en the desired position is reached then the operator returns the handle R to normal'position so that the pinion R moves out of engagement with the wheels P and B. When it is desired to move the heads I rearwardly then the handle R is shifted rearwardly to move the pinion R in engagement with the wheels P and R" to rotate the shafts R and the screw heads I in a reverse direction thus moving the headsl rearwardly on the fixed gnideways. J, and when the desired. position is reached the handle R is returned to normal position.

in order to shut ofl the power from each hammer and to limit the downward sliding movement of each power hammer by its own gravity. the following arrangement is made, special reference being bad to Figs. 5, 6 and 7 On the cylinder K of each power hammer is secured a bracket 3 having a vertically disposed slot 3 through which extends a clamping screw S engaging a block S adapted to engage a tripping lever S fulcrunied on the carriage E. The trip lever S is provided with a hook S adapted to engage a lug T arranged on a vertically disposed rod T mounted to slide up and down in a suitable bearing E arranged on the carriage E. The upper end of the rod T is pressed on by a spring T resting on the bearing E and engaging a collar T fixed on the top of the rod T and from the top of the rod T extends an arm T adapted to engage a handle L on the valve L previously mentioned, and which valve L is normally open. The block S is set a distance above the tripping lever S and this distance is indicated by a pointer S" attached to the clamping screw S and indicating on a graduation S arranged on the bracket S. Now when the cylinder K moves downward the block t. 3 moves with it and the latter finally engages the free end of the tripping lever S thus swinging the hook S thereof out of engagen'ient with the lug T to re lease the rod T which is now forced upward by the action of its spring T to cause the arm T to engage and turn the handle If thus closing the valve L and thereby shutting off the power from the cylinder K of the power hammer to stop the tool B. The lower end of the rod T is provided with a foot T adapted to engage an arm T of a pawl T fulcrumed on the guideway E of the carriage E and adapted to engage ratchet teeth T attached to the cylinder K. Thus when the rod T moves upward by the action of the spring T as previously explained. then the foot T strikes the arm T 6 and swings the pawl T into engagement with one of the ratchet teeth T thus holding the cylinder K locked against further down.- ward movement.

In order to aid each cylinder K in its downward movement by gravity use may be made of the following device: On each cylinder is secured a small air cylinder U in which reciprocates a piston U having its piston rod U attached to the guideway E of the carriage E. A pressure supply pipe U connected with the lower end of the cylinder U and is connected with the pipe L and the pipe U is provided with. a valve U which when opened lerinits compressed air to pass into the lower end of the cylinder U to exert a downward pressure on the cylinder thus aiding the cylinder K in its downward movement against the spring-pressed tool B.

The holder D (see Figs. 5, 6 and 8) is arranged as follows: A bracket D is attached to the carriage E and on it is pivoted the holder body D by the use of-a pivot D extending longitudinally to allow of swinging the body D in a vertical direction. The body D is provided at its front face with a recess D into which slidingly fits the polygonal upper portion of the tool B to allow the tool to slide up and down in the said recess D. The front of the recess is closed by a cap D hinged at one side and held in closed position by a pivoted clamping bolt D of usual construction. A right and left hand screw D engages the body D and the bracket D to permit the operator on turning the screw D toswing the body D into correct position so that the cutting edges of the several tools B are in longitudinal alinement with each other. By loosening the nut of the pivoted clamping bolt and swinging the latter rearwardly the cap D can be readily swung into open position to allow of placing a tool 13 in position in the recess D or removing it therefrom.

The tool B at the left-hand end of the row or gang of tools B is liable to move off the left-hand end of the block C during the return stroke of the carriage E from the right to the left and in order to stop this tool B during the time it is out of contact with the bleak C, the following arrangement is made: On the cylinder K of the power hammer for the left-hand tool B (see Fig. 2) is secured a rack V in mesh with a pinion V secured on the forward end of a shaft V extending transversely and journaled in suitable bearings arranged on the carriage E. The rear end of the shaft V (see Fig. 13) is provided with a pinion V adapted to move into engagement with a rack V adjustably secured to the top of the carriage bed F, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 13. The rack V is pro vided at its right-hand end with an upwardly extending tooth V adapted to move into mesh with the fork end of a handle L held on a valve L arranged in the supply pipe L adjacent the pipe L for furnishing compressed air to the cylinder K of the lefthand power hammer. When the carriage E is on the return stroke from the right to the left and the left-hand tool B nears the left-hand end of the block C then the gear wheel V moves into engagement with the rack V thus turning the gear wheel V the shaft V and the gear wheel V to impart an upward sliding movement to the rack V and consequently to the cylinder K to lift the left-hand tool B above the top of the block C, at the same time the tooth V moves into engagement with the arm L and imparts a swinging motion to the latter to close the valve I] with a view to shut off the power from the left-hand cylinder K of this power hammer. Thus during the remainder of the return stroke of the carriage E the left-hand power hammer is inactive and the tool B is in raised position a. distance above the top of the clock 0. When the carriage E is on the forward stroke from the left to iho rigid then the arm L finally moves out of engagement with the tooth V to turn on the power and the shaft V is turned in the reverse direction by the gear Wheel V rimming aicn the rack i and finally out of engagement therewith so that the gear Wheel V is turned in the reverse direction and causes the rack V and the cylinder K to slide downward to re'cngage the point of the cut ting tool B with the face of the block C at the left-hand end thereof.

The carriage E is preferably provided near its top with friction Wheels E (see Figs. 2, 3 and 6) traveling in gnidevvays F arranged on the top of the bed F, and the bottom of the bed 13 is provided with U- shaped shoes F engaging corresponding guidevvays E on the carriage E to insure an easy sidewise reciprocating movement of the carriage E on the bed F.

The operation is as follows:

When the machine is running then a reciprocating movement. in a sidewiso direction is given to the carriage E and the cutting tools B receive blows in rapid succession by the povver hammers so that the cutting edges of the tools B cut the face of the block C in a longitudinal direction. The operator in r charge of the machine turns the handle G whenever it is necessary to set the cutting tools B at an angle to the configuration to be produced and the operator manipulates the handle Q. for a downward feeding of the carriage as the cutting proceeds in the face of the block C and the operator manipulates the handle R correspondingly to feed the carriage in a transverse direction according to the design so that the tools readily cut the face of the block C accord ing to the predetermined design C. 7

By setting the tripping device, that is, the block 5 a desired distance from the tripping lever S, as previously explained, it is possible that any one of the power hammers an be rendered inactive as soon as the corresponding tool B reaches a predetermined depth in the face of the block 0. It will also he noticed that the end tool is raised from the work in case the tool is carried beyond the end of the block and the tool is returned automatically to cutting position as soon as it is again over the face of the block.

Having thus dcscrihedmy invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A cutting machine comprising a carriage, a vertically disposed cylinder mounted on the carriage to slide by gravity, means for admitting a motive fluid to the cylinder, means controlled by the cylinder for cutting on the motive fluid and locking the cylinder from downward movement, a piston in the cylinder. and a sliding and spring pressed tool below the cylinder and normally in engagement with the piston rod.

:2. In a cutting machine, a carriage. means for operating the carriage, a plurality of power hammers mounted to slide on the carriage by gravity, :1 cutting tool on the carriage below each power hammer, and means for imparting an upward sliding movement to one of the hammers on the return movement of the carriage.

3. In a cuttin 7 machine, a carriage, means for operating t e carriage, a plurality of cylinders mounted on the carriage to slide by gravity, means for admitting a motive agent. to each cylinder, a piston on each cylinder, a cutting tool adapted to be operated by each piston, means for imparting an upward sliding movement. to one of the cylinders and simultaneously cutting off the supply of motive agent from the cylinder. on

the return movement of the carriage.

4. A cutting machine, comprising a row of power-actuated cutting tools, power'snpply means for supplying the said power-actuated cutting tools with power. and powercontrolling means for automatically cutting off the power from one of the end cutting tools whenever the said end cutting tool. reaches a predetermined point and at the time it is out of contact with the Work and for turning on the power Whenever the said end cutting tool returns to the work.

A cutting machine, comprising a row of power-actuated cutting tools, a carriage on which the said cutting tools are mounted, a bed on which the said carriage is mounted to reciprocate. yicldingly mounted spaced hearing plates on the said carriage, and a a driven cam having its peripheral face in contact at opposite sides with the said hearingplates.

'5. A cutting machine, comprising cutting tools, a. carriage on which the said cutting tools are mounted, a had on which the said carriage is mounted to reciprocate. yieldingly mounted spaced hearing plates on the said carriage, a hcart-shaped cam interposed between the said hearing plates and having a shaft, a driven shaft mounted to slide in thedirection of its axis, and a universal coupling connecting the said cam shaft with the said driven shaft.

7. A cutting machine, comprising a reciprocating carriage, power hammer mounted to slide up and down on the said carriage, and adapted to operate a cutting tool, a power supply pipe connected with the said power hammer and having a shut-off valve, a spring-pressed rod slidable on the carriage and controlling the said valve, a locking device engaging the said rod to normally hold th same locked against the tension of its spring, and a tripping device on the said power hammer and adapted to trip the said locking device.

8. A cutting machine, comprising a reciprocating carriage, a power hammer mounted to slide up and down on the said carriage, and adapted to operate a cutting tool, a power supply pipe connected with the said power hammer and having a shut-ofi valve, a spring-pressed rod slidable on the carriage and controlling the said valve, a locking device engaging the said rod to normally hold the same locked against the tension of its spring, a tripping device on the said power hammer and adapted to trip the said locking device, a rack on the said power hammer, and a pawl for engagement with the said rack and fulcrumed on the carriage, the pawl being controlled by the said rod.

9. A cutting mechanism, comprising a reciprocating carriage, a power hammer mounted to slide up and down on the said carriage, and adapted to operate a cutting tool, a power supply pipe connected with the said power hammer and having a shutoff valve, a spring-pressed rod slidablc on the carriage and controlling the said valve, a locking device engaging the said rod to normally hold the same locked against the tension of its spring, a tripping device on the said power hammer and adapted to trip the said locking device, the said tripping device being adjustably held on the power hammer, a pointer on the tripping device, and a linear graduation on the said power hammer and on which indicates the said pointer.

10. A cutting machine, comprising a carriage, a power hammer mounted to slide down on the carriage by its own gravity, means for locking the hammer from clownward movement, a tool holder on the carriage below the said power hammer, a tool mounted to slide up and down in the said holder and on the top of which rests the lower end of the piston rod of the said power hammer, and a spring supporting the said too 11. A cutting machine, comprising a carriage, a bed on which the carriage is mounted to reciprocate, a power hammer mounted to slide up and down on the said carriage,

and coacting means on the said carriage, bed and hammer to raise and lower the latter automatically during a portion of the stroke of the carria e.

12. A cutting machine, comprising a carriage, a bed on which the carriage is mounted to reciprocate, a power hammer mounted to slide up and down on the said carriage. coacting means on the said carriage,bed and hammer to raise and lower the latter automatically during a portion of the stroke of the carriage, and enacting means on the said carriage and bed for automatically shutting off the power to the said hammer dun ing a part of the stroke oi the carriage.

13. A cutting machine. comprising a carriage, a bed on which the carriage reciprocates, a power hammer mounted to slide up and down on the said carriage, a hammer rack on the said hammer, a bed rack on the said bed, and a shaft journaled on the said carriage and provided with gear wheels of which one is in mesh at all times with the said hammer rack and the other is adapted to mesh with the said bed rack during a part of the stroke of the carriage.

1 1. A cutting machine, comprising a carriage, a bed on which the carriage reciprocates, a power hammer 011 the said carriage, a supply pipe mounted on the carriage and connected with the said hammer, a valve in the said supply pipe, and enacting controlling means on the said bed and valve for closing and opening the valve during a portion of the stroke of the carriage.

15. A cutting machine, comprising a carriage, a bed on which the carriage reciprocates, a power hammer on the said carriage, a supply pipe mounted on the carriage and connected with the said hammer, a valve in the said supply pipe, an arm on the said valve and having a fork, and a tooth on the said bed and adapted to be engaged by the said fork of the arm during a portion of the stroke of the carriage to alternately close and open the valve.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

OTIS W. K RUM.

Witnesses:

Trmo. G. Hosran, GEORGE H. EMsLIE.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of ratents,

Washington, D. G.

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