US1279486A - Furnace. - Google Patents

Description

R. ZIESING.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1916.

1 ,279,4=86. Patented Sept. 17, 1918.

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FURNACE.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, RICHARD ZIEsiNG, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Furnaces, of which the following is a specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

The subject of the present invention is a furnace designed for the distillation of zinc, the features forming the subject matter of the invention relating to the construction of the side walls ofthe furnace and also of the arches, and the object of the invention being to secure a more intimate mixture between the products of combustion and the auxiliary air that is supplied at different points along the length of the furnace, a more eflicient combustion ofthese gases and an evener distribution of the heat throughout the various parts of the furnace. Another object of they invention is to secure parallelism between the retorts after the furnace has taken its my improved furnace,

vanism embodying the invention, closed means constituting, however, but one first set in order that all of'the retorts may be heated and efiected equally by the products of combustion, which is not secured in'furnaces of-the present type. A still further object isto reduce the wear nace, thus securin longer life, and to increase the yield of metal. To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends,

said invention, then, consists of the means;

hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

"The annexed drawings andthe following description set forth in detail certain mechsuch disof various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used. In said-annexed drawings Figure 1 is a horizontal section through Fig. 2 is a vertical section on'the line 2-2, in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3'is a vertical section on the line 3-3, Fig. 1. From the drawings the general construction ofthe furnace will be readily seen, and it will be obvious that in general it follows the present types of construction for zinc furnaces in whifh there is a combustlon chamber 1 disposed horizontally and of con- 'siderable length, through which the products Specification of Letters Patent.

on the fur-- the same temperature as the inner ends.

Patented Sept. 17, 1918 Application filed May 25', 1916. Serial No. 99,882.

of combustion pass longitudinally, and in which arearrauged a series of retorts 2, the retorts being preferably in series of four as shown, and being inclined slightly tothe horizontal. On either side of the combustion chamber are tracks 4 which are adapted to receive the'cars into which thedistilled zinc is discharged, the waste products fromthe retortsbeing cleaned out and discharged into the chutes 5 which empty into cars 6 on a track 7 disposed in a chamber below V the combustion chamber. At intervals along the length of the combustion chamber are auxiliary air supply conduits 8 which discharge laterally through the nozzles 9 as shown in Fig. 2. These air supply conduits 8 furnish additional air totheco-mbustible gases passing through the j chamber, and

maintain the combustion throughout the entire length of the furnace. The furnace as described above is similar to those now in general use and is distinguished therefrom and bettered by means of the features now to be explained.

The path of the burning gases and products of combustion isshown by the arrows in Fig. 1, and it will-be seen that at no point do the burning gases strike the inner wall. The'atmosphere along this wall, consisting largely of burnt gaseswill be heated by radiationto approximately the same temperature as the fronto-f the furnace chamber.

It has beenfound that one difliculty with the present type of furnace is that the rush of auxiliary air across the path of travel of the combustible gases causes the latter to eddy. to the back of the furnace, and at points opposite to the supply conduits 8,-this rear furnace wall or lining is burned away very fast. Furthermore, this unequal heating causes the retorts to wear away. very fast producing numerous breaks 1 and letting the ore and slag fall down over the other retorts. Thisore is-practically a total loss in addition to the loss of the broken retorts. This rapid and unequal-deterioration of the furnace. lining is not only expensive, but also, the cause of it, which is the burning of the gas at certain points'along the rear wall, prevents an even heatin of the outer side of the combustion chamber and thus the outer ends of the retorts do not receiiie t has been found that the zincat; the inner ends of the retorts 2 will be distilled off six or, more hours sooner than the zinc at the outer ends. Thus, if it is possible to maintain an even temperature throughout the furnace, the life of the retorts and of the furnace lining can be increased very greatly, and also the recovery since less ore is lost through broken retorts and since less m'etal deposits in the slag at the mouth of the retort.

I'have found that by disposing bafiies or partitions 10 in the furnace opposite to each of the air supply conduits 9, that this burning of the rear wall can be avoided, and also that a better combustion can be secured and an evener temperature maintained over the entire surface of each retort. By thus separating the combustion chamber into a number of recesses or chambers, it is possible to localize any deteriorization that may occur, and this saves enormously in the cost of replacement of the inner walls.

The construction of the inner wall is best shown in Fig. 2, the wall consisting of an inner core 11, provided with shoulders 12 at its base, upon which are supported horizontally disposed refractory members, such as fire-brick 13, mounted upon which are vertically disposed brick 14, thus forming narrow shelves or shoulders upon which the inner ends of the retorts 2 may be supported. Upon the top of the bricks 14:, other bricks are placed horizontally to form the support for the next retort. Preferably five layers of retorts are disposed in each of the recesses between the partitions 10, and the bricks 13and 1a are so proportioned that between each two adjacent retorts there is a very narrow acute angle formed. It will also be seen that the top of the furnace is formed of a member15 having a-fiat bottom which. is originally placed atan acute angle with the top of the upper retort.

It is known thatafter the first use of such a furnace, the bricks of the inner wall shrink to some extent, and take a permanent set which is but slightly changed during the remainder of the operation of the furnace. By positioning the retorts at slight angles to each other and by forming the top of the furnace in the manner indicated in Fig. 2, it is possible to secure approximately parallelism between the retorts and the roof of the furnace after this first shrinking has occurred From that time on there is approximately an equal distance between each two adjacent retorts and between the upper retort and the roof'of the furnace, and thus all of the'retorts are effected equally by the arc-ducts of combustion and each will oper-' ate equally "well upon the zinc which is treated therein, whereas before, it was practically impossible to secure an even temperature in the different parts of the furnace. It will'be seen that the outer facesof the bricks 14 are so formed that when the lining settles, the inner ends of the retorts 2 will abut flatly against them, the successive bricks 14; being bevel'ed'at diflerent angles to permit of this desired settling.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed, pr0- vided the means stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated moans be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 1. In a furnace, the combination of a horizontal combustion chamber, means adapted to pass combustible mixtures longitudinally therethrough, a plurality of retorts ar-' ranged transversely therein, a plurality of air supply conduits arranged to discharge laterally into said chamber at intervals along the same, and means in said chamber for directing the gases passing through said chamber toward such air conduits.

2. In a furnace, the combination of a horizontal combustion chamber, means adapted to pass combustible mixtures longitudinally thcrethrough, a plurality of retorts arranged transversely therein, a plurality of air "supply conduits arranged to dischargelaterally into said chamber at intervals along the 95 same, and a seriesof baffles arranged in said chamber and terminating opposite to said air conduits and adapted to direct the gases passing through said chamber toward such air conduits.

3. In a furnace, the combination of a hori zontal combustion chamber, means adapted to pass combustible mixtures longitudinally therethrough, a plurality of retorts arranged transversely therein, a plurality ofair supply conduits disposed in one side wall of said chamber and arranged to discharge laterally thereinto, and a series 'of baffle plates extending laterally from the opposite side wall of said chamber and terminating oppo- 110 site to said air conduits.

In a furnace the combination of acombustion chamber and refractory supports on either side of said chamber adapted to receive retorts thereon, said supports being 115 proportioned and-initially installed to bring such retorts into parallelism with their ends albutting flatly against the supports upon setting. v

5. In a furnace the combination of a com- 120 bustion chamber and refractory supports on either side of said chamber adapted to receive retorts thereon, said supports being proportioned and initially installed to bring such retorts into equidistant parallelism with 125 their ends abutting flatly against the face of the supports upon settling.

6. In a furnace the combination ofa combustion chamber, refractory supports on either side of said chamber adapted to re- 130 ceive retorts thereon, and a roof mounted upon said supports, said supports being proportioned to bring such retorts and said roof into equidistant parallelism upon settling.

7. In a furnace the combination of a combustion chamber, supports along one side thereof adapted to receive one end of a series of retorts and refractory supports along the opposite side thereof adapted to receive the other end of such retorts, said refractory supports being proportioned and initially installed to bring such retorts into equidistant parallelism with the ends of the retorts abutting flatly against the faces of the supports upon settling.

8. In a furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, supports along one side thereof adapted to receive one end of a series of retorts, refractory supports along the opposite side thereof adapted to receive the other end of such retorts, and a flat arch roof mounted upon said supports, said supports and roof being proportioned to bring such retorts and roof into equidistant parallelism upon settling.

9. In a furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, supports along one side thereof adapted to receive the outer ends of a series of retorts, and refractory supports along 'the opposite side thereof adapted to receive the inner ends of said retorts, said refractory supports being proportioned and initially installed to support said retorts in anunparallel relation to each other with theinner ends thereof at an acute angle to the faces of the said refractory supports, to thereby bring the retorts into equidistant parallelism with the inner ends' of the retorts abutting flatly against the faces of the supports.

Signed by me this 20th day of May, 1916.

RICHARD ZIESING.

Goplee of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the commissioner of Patents.

Wumngten, D. 6.

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