US1278357A - Shell and projectile. - Google Patents

Description

L. S. LACHMAN.

SHELL AND PROJECTILE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1. 1915.

1,278,357. PatentedSept. 10,1918.

IN l/EN TOR laurenaeli lachman UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LAURENCE S. LACHMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR' '10 UNIVERSAL ELECTRIC I WELDING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A'GORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SHELL D IPBOJEGTILE.

" resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain. new and useful Improvements in Shells and Projectiles, of which the followin is a specification.

y present invention relates to the manufacture of shells and projectiles particularly of the armor-piercing type and especially the soft nose or point to the main body 0 the shell or projectile. 1

The object of the invention is to cheapen and quicken the production of these articles by improving the manner of attaching the soft metal nose or penetrating point of the shell to the hard steelbody.

Heretofore the securing of these parts has been ,a slow and expensive operation and owing to the difference in density or slze of the parts to be joined as well as the necessity of maintaining the temper or quality of the body part of the shell it has been considered practically impossible to join the parts by any of the welding operations.

In accordance with this invention as has been demonstrated by actual experiments it is possible to efiiciently attach the nose or cap to the body or core of the shell ,or projectile by a welding operation which 15 quick and at the same time does not impair or materially change the temper or quality of the metal forming the body.

The invention consists in the improved method of manufacturing shells or projectiles as well asin a projectile or shell having a nose or cap secured thereto by a plurality of welded rivets or pieces as herelnafter more particularly described and then specified in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-section through the forward end of a shell arranged for securing the nose or point to the body in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the line 2-2 Fig. 1 and illustrates the shell after the securing of the nose has been completed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 3 is a section similar to Flg. 1 and illustrates a modification in the manner of out this invention.

1 indicates the body or core of the shell Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept, 10 1918 Application filed December 7, 1915. Serial No. 65,442.

' which may be of any of the types used in army or navy departments. This body or core 1s usually hollow and has a solid metal forward end '1 which is of a high carbon desired number of perforations or holes 3 spaced apart as desired so that at such places the surface of the metal 1 is exposed. The side walls of the holes or perforations 3 may be straight as shown in Fig. 1 or inclined as shown in Fig. 3. Into each of the holes 3 is inserted a metal rivet blank or block of metal 4 so that its end seats on the periphery of the body 1 of the shell. Preferably the rivetblank is of slightly less diameter than the hole 3 and is preferably provided with a tapered end for the purpose of reducing its area of initial contact with the body and its opposite end projects somewhat above the surface of the cap 2 at the beginning of the operation and as shown. The portion of the mass so projecting is substantially the same as or but slightly greater than .the total space within the hole 3 not occupied by the rivet so that, as will be presently described, when the weld is finished the end of the rivet is substantially flush with the outer surface of the cap.

To join the cap or point 2 to the body 1 by means of the rivet blank 4, the upper end of. the blank is engaged by one of the electrodes of a suitable electric welding machine while the other electrode supplies current to the body 1 in any suitable manner either by direct engagement therewith or through the cap 2 by having the cap seat in a properly shaped electrode. The electrode for the rivet blank is indicated by dotted lines at 5 while a suitable electrode forming the other terminalis indicated by the dotted lines 6. Electric heating current is passed from one electrode to the other and ressure applied to force the rivet blank 4 own upon the softening of its end due to the heating of the current. A current of very large volume being used the heating is effected very quickly and the weld finished in a few seconds, the action being so quick that the temper of the body end 1' is not affected or at least not to any objectionable extent. The softened rivet is forced for a slight distance into the heat softened periphery of the body 1 and the upset metal fills the cavity between the walls of the rivet and the hole 3. the rivet also welding or uniting to some extent to the walls of the hole. The rivet is jammed down preferably until its outer end is flush with the periphery of the cap 2. a finished weld being indicated at in Figs. 1 and 2. If any of the rivet pro ects eadily trimmed down.

By thus-uniting the rivet to the body 1 and also having it united to a more or less extent to the walls of the holes in the cap 2, the cap iseffectively and efliciently held in place in relation to the body.

To still further quicken the welding action and secure a stronger joint the body 1 at the place of weld may be formed with a welding projection or section of reduced contact area for engagement by the end of the rivet blank which in such case' is also preferably reduced or rounded at its welding end. At either side of said projection cavities are formed in the body-1 to receive the upset metal of the rivet and to furnish a larger area for welded union between the rivet and the body 1, thus increasing the strength of the joint and said cavities.are of such size that the distance between their outer edges will substantially coincide with the diameter of the hole or perforation 3 in the cap. To further facilitate the operation said Welding projection on the body 1 ,is preferably formed as a peripheral ridge or projection 8 as indicated in Fig. 3, and to either side thereof are located the peripheral grooves whose outer'edges coincide substantially with the edges of the hole in the ca 2 on a diametrical line parallel with the axis of the projection. When the welding projection extends as a peripheral ridge around the body 1, it is not necessary to locate the holes in the cap 2 and the rivet 9 in any particular circumferential position upon the body in order to bring the parts into proper position for the welding operation. This materially assists in quickening the whole operation in those cases where it is desired to make use of the expedient of a welding projection upon the body for cooperation with the welding and preferably reduced end of the rivet. In this case a rivet blank 9 having a rounded end contacting with the ridge 8 may be employed, said rounded end forming a reduced area of contact for the beginning of the welding operation and the operation of welding it being as before described.

Any suitable means for electrically welding the rivet to the body 1 to secure the cap thereto may be employed, it merely being beyond the surface of the cap it may be in providing the cap with a plurality of holes about its periphery at the open end thereof, telescoping said cap over the end of the body, applying rivet blanks in said holes to engage the body with a portion of the blank projecting above the surface of the cap and welding the blank to the body, leaving its end flush with the surface of the a cap by compressing it between suitable welding clamps or electrodes and applying current of large volume and in a manner to effect heating and welding quickly so as not to materially affect the temper of the body.

2. The herein described improved method of manufacturing shells or projectiles having a high carbon steel body and an attached hollow steel cap or point consisting in providing the cap with a plurality of perforations about its eriphery at its open end, providing upon t e body of the shell a projection adapted to register with each perforation and having cavities at opposite sides thereof to receive any upset metal,

telescoping the cap over the end of the shell body, inserting rivet blanks through the perforations into contact with said projections and with the end of the rivet blank projecting above the surface of the cap, said rivet when so inserted having an end projecting beyond the surface of the cap and welding said rivet in position so that its end will be flush with the surface of the cap by means of electric current passed into the end of the rivet by means of a pressure ap plying electrode and by the use of a very large volume of current to effect quick heating and welding so as not to adversely affect the temper of the body.

3. The herein described improved method of manufacturing shells or projectiles having a high carbon steel body and an attached hollow cap or nose consisting in forming the shell body with a circumferential welding rojection and bounding cavities as descri ed, providing said cap with a plurality of perforations around its periphery, telescoping said cap over the end of the shell body to expose the ridge through the perforations, inserting rivet blanks through said perforations into contact with said ridge and with their outer ends projecting beyond the surface of the cap and welding said rivet blanks in place by the application of pressure and a heavy heating electric current applied to the blank and of 5 sufficiently large Volume to efl'ect the heating and Welding Without detrimental effect upon the temper of the high carbon body.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 3d day of December, A. D. 1915.

LAURENCE S. LAGHMAN.

Witnesses:

LILLIE VREELAND, F. B. TOWNSEND.

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