US1275006A - Broach. - Google Patents

Description

J. A. EDEN, JR.

BROACH. APPLICATION FILED MAYIG. 1911.

r 1,275,006. Patented Aug. 6,1918

' 3 J 1. I Z j (V 3 K J r I JAMES A. EDEN, JR.,*OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIG-NOR,

BY MESN'E ASSIGN- MENT S, TO JOHN OAKLEY, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

' BBOACH.

Specification of Letters Patent. I Patented Aug. 6, 1918.

Application flledlMay 16,1917. Serial No. 1es,94s.- 5

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES A. EDEN, Jr.,-

a citizen of the United States, residing in Springfield, Massachusetts, have inventedcertain new and useful. Improvements in;

Broaches, of which the following is a specification.

.My invention aims to rovide a breach which shall be more easlly operated and more durable than previous broaches and which shall have further advantages referred to in detail hereinafter.

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a broach, partly broken away;

Fig. 2 is a section of the same on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3 and 4 respectively are a plan and end view of the pulling head;

Fig. 5 is a plan of one of the side members;

Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively'a side elevation and face elevation of one of the teeth of Fig. 1; v

Fig. 8 is a cross section and Fig. 9 a longitudinal section of another style of construction;

Fig. 10 is a plan of one ofthe halves of another style of construction and Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the same;

Fig. "12 is a plan of a portion of a com pleted broach made up of parts like Fig. 10; Fig. 13 is a plan of a construction similar to Fig. 12 but with a slight modification;

Fig. '14 is a plan of a still further modified construction;

Fig.. 15 is a transverse section of Fig. 14;

Fig. 16 is a separated view of one of the side members of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a cross section of another modification, taken on the line 1717 of Fig. 18, and Fig. 18, is a side elevation of the cutters in place against one ofthe side members;

Fig. 19 is a plan of one of the'cutters of Figs. 17 and 18;

Figs. 20 and 21 areplans of other modifi-.

cations; Fig. 21 being partly in section on the line 2'121 ofFig. 22;

Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the construetion of Fig. 21;

Fig. .23 is a plan of another modification,

and Fi 24 is a side elevation of the cutters of Fig. 23 in' place; some of the cutters and the invention is attaching a puller to the broach.

The invention, in'its principal features of novelty,.is applicable. to broaches of various old styles. But the designs shown are of.

the style described in Oakley Patent No.

1,121,126 of December 15, 1 914 in which there is a longitudinal passage open along one side of the broach and communicating with lateral-passages between the cutters located at the opposite side of the broach, preferably used in this form. Referring to the embodiments of the invention illustrated, and first to Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, the broach comprises two side members A with teeth B between them the ends of which constitute cutters of the usual or any suitable size and inclination. The parts are mounted on a head G carrying an externally threaded end D adapted to be fastened to the usual puller for pulling the broach through the work. The side members A are provided with grooves E shaped and directed to embrace the teeth B. The latter extend downward to a point slightly above the lower edges of the side members so as to leave a clear longitudinal passage for the" chips which will move down between the teeth and curling forward will strike the rear face of the forward tooth and be deflected and pass out roughly in the direc tion of the arrow F. The teeth are prefer.

ably fastened against longitudinal movement in their grooves by means of pins or rivets G. The exposed end of each tooth B is reduced in width as indicated at B (Fig. 2) so as to cutfa chip or shaving which will be of less width than the passage through the broach and will move easily through such passage.

The head or end member is fastened to the side members in a manner similar to the teeth. It has an extension H which lies be tween the side members, with a vertical rib 'J on its side entering corresponding grooves in the side members, and a pin or rivet K holds the partsftogether.

Referring to .Figs.'8 and 9,the teeth B are formed with lateral bosses L which fit within similar sockets in the'insido face of the" side members, and a pair 'of pins' G (or, a

single pin through either of the bosses would be sufficient for most work) is used for fasplace. The side the side members has the advantage that the teeth can be 'made of a higher grade of steel or a grade which is better adapted for outting, while the side members can be made of a tougher steel better adapted to resist the pulling strain and not so brittle as the tool steel used for the teeth. It has also the advantage that if a single tooth-is broken or damaged it can be replaced without scrapping any of the other parts, and all the teeth when worn out may be replaced by new ones, using the same side members. But the invention may also be embodied in a construction in which the teeth are not formed separately from the side members.

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show side members A with teeth B formed integrally on the inner faces thereof. Each side is, preferably, formed with one half of the total number of teeth, the teeth on one side being staggered with relation to those on the other side when the parts are assembled as-in Fig.

12. The two members may be fastened together by means of pins as in Fig. 1, or such fastenings may be omitted, the parts being embraced and held together as they pass through the hole in the work piece which is being broached. The two halves in this case would be made of high grade or tool steel such as is used for the separate teeth in the other constructions described. This construction simplifies the manufacture of the broach. I

. For maintaining the two halves more rigidly. in correct relation to each other, they may be made as in Fig. 13, the teeth B being wider than the space between the side members and their free side edges fitting within ooves E on the opposite side member, Figs. 14, 15 and 16 illustrate another way of holding the teeth in place and at the same time holding them in engagement with the opposite side members. Each side member is formed with grooves E having undercut shoulders M at their edges which engage similarly shaped overhanging plpertions of the teeth .B. Also the side mem rs A are formed with lugs Non their inner faces ggainst which the lower ends of the teeth ear.

Figs. 17, 18 and 19 illustrate a design which simplifies the construction of the side members, the teeth being provided with proj ections-which hold them in place. The side members A are formed with continuous longitudinal rectangular grooves O on their inner faces. Each tooth B is provided on each of its side faces with a wing P fitting in the groove 0 of the adjacent side membe cheaply made case are made by a simple slot milling operation. A stop of course is necessary at the back end of the broach to prevent the teeth from backward movement relative to the side members.

Fig. 20 shows a construction similar to Fig. 14 except that there is a rectangular, instead of an overhanging, engagement of the teeth B with the grooves E, or rather with the ribs Q- on the inner faces of the side members A.

In Figs. 21 and 22 the backs of the teeth B bear against ribs It on the inner faces of the side members A, pins G being used for holding the parts together. Each tooth has a rearwardly extending tail S extending backward beyond the adjacent ribs B, so that a chip passing down between the teeth will bear against such tails S, which are of harder material generally than the side members and will resist longer the abrasive effect of the passing chips. It' is generally preferable to use a construction in which the chip will pass between faces of hard steel, for thereason stated.

In Figs. 23 and 24, the teeth B bear against ribs T formed on the inner faces of the side members A and the ribs T are of such depth as to meet across the intervening space. This sacrifices the advantage above' referred to of a hard metal face to receive the abrasion of the passing chip. But it has the advantage that the two half members may be fastened together by a single rivet or other means without the interposition of the teeth and may be turned to the perfectly cylindrical shape required before inserting the teeth. In the other constructions illustrated, in which the side members do not contact with each other, it is necessary to introduce fillers of the exact width of the teeth, but not projecting, between the side members to hold them accurately spaced while they are being turned to the exact cylindrical size required. In the construction of Figs. 23 and 24 the teeth may be held in place either by means of pins or rivets G as before described, or by means of lugs U on their rear faces adapted to bear ,on the tops of theribs T of the side mem:

bers; or by both meansif desired.

-Fig. 25 shows a style of puller head differing slightly from that of Fig. 1. The side members A and teeth B belng assembled, a sleeve V is screwed on the externally threaded end of the assembled side mem- 1 hers, being provided with an internal thread understood therefrom that the invention is 'W- on its free end for attachment to the machine.

' ThoughI have described with great particularity of detail certain -specific embodiments of my.invention, yet, it is not tobe restricted to. the specific constructions illustrated. Various modifications thereof in detail and in the arrangement and manner of combining these-partsmay be made by those skilled in '"the art without" departing. from' the invention as defined in the following broach teeth arranged in a row between said side comprising longitudinally straight side membersand separately formed members, the broach thus formed having interior chip passages which have faces formed by the faces of the teeth.

members which are segmental in cross-section and have lateral grooves in their inner faces, teeth located in said grooves and means for holding the teeth firmly against movement in said grooves.

5. A broach made in a plurality. of side members which are segmental in cross-section and detachably fastened together and teeth held between said side members.

6. A broach made in a plurality of side 1 V 4. A-broach made in a plurality of side members which are segmental in cross-section, teeth between said side members, andv it) pulling head fastened to both; side memers.

7. A broach having separately formed teeth and having'chip passages, which passages have faces .formed by the faces of the teeth, said broach having a' longitudinal passage communicating with the passages between said teeth.

In witness whereof, I have ;hereunto signed my name.

' JAMES A. EDEN, JR.

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