US1271153A - Milk-pasteurizer. - Google Patents

Description

1. GAPKO.

MILK PASTEURIZER. APPLICATION FILED NOV- 29.1916.

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Patented July 2, i918l 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

l. GAPKD.

IVIILI( PASTEURIZER. APPLlcATloN man Nov. 29. 191s.

Patented. July 2, 1918.

2 SHEETS*SHEET 2. 4

JOHN GAPKO, 0F AVELLA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MILK-PASTEURIZER.

Application led November 29, 1916.

To all who/m, t may concern:

Be it known that l, dor-IN Garlic, a subject of the Kingdom of Hungary, vresiding at Avella, county of Washington, State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful improvements in MilleFasteurizers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to pasteurizers and is especially adapted for use in the pasteurization of milk, the objects being to provide a highly effective apparatus of economical construction in which its operation will be promptly and fully performed with an economical expenditure of not only time but of material or substances used in the operation.

l/Vith the above objects in View, a construction is provided, wherein with few exceptions, the parts are of what may be termed stock construction, or are in common use and found in the open market, there being very few specially constructed parts which would go to make up an expensive apparatus.

Another object in view is to provide a construction wherein prompt results may be gained by so arranging the parts as to apply both the heating and cooling apparatus in such a way as to raise or lower the teme perature of the substance being treated in the least possible time yet at the same time preventing any possibility of burning or tainting the substance under treatment.

With the above, structural expense is minimized, a single machine can pasteurize a great volume of liquid owing to its promptness of action and the same being with the use of the minimum amount of heating and cooling medium, the latter being due to complete and rapid radiation.

`While a preferred form of this improved apparatus is shown, it will be understood that minor changes as te details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention an dvwill fall within the scope of the claims.

Referring to the drawings forming a part of this application,

Figure 1 is a sideA elevation of the parts with the tanker receptacle in section to display its internal pipe coil.

Fig. 2 is an vend elevation showing the power operating mechanism and inlet pipes adapted to supply the heatingand cooling mediums.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 19113.

serial no. 13eme.

Fig. 3 is a similar view taken from the opposite end of the devices showing the outlet pipes.

Fig. i is a detail elevation showing the closure locking latch. i

to be treated through a suitable connection or inlet, as shown at 5, which may be in communication with any source of supply through a flexible connection or the like (not shown).

rllhe inlet nipple 5 is mounted in a longitudinal rail 6 mounted on the tank and to which the sections 7-7 of the lid are hinged, as shown at 8-8. The lid or closure members -7 are ada ated to be locked in closed position by suitable latches 9 mounted on the U-uhaped cradle members 2, said latches 9 being adapted to engage lugs 10 projecting from the closure members 7 l to hold said members in contact with the upper edge of the tank during the operation of the apparatus.

Mounted on the centrally located rail 6 of the closure a bracket ll provided at its upper end with lugs 12, and near the outer edges of the closure members 7 7, are mounted spring-pressed locking dogs 13 of approximately l. shape, adapted when the closure members are opened to engagevthe lugs 12 vto retain said closure in its open position.

The closure, as above described, is adapted to be lrnily locken down on top of the tank and is designed to eflectually closev and seal same, yet at thel .same time said construction willi permit of the removal4 of the entire cover` or closure, including the central. rail 6 carrying the bracket l1, connection nipple 5, and the hinged members 7M?, to permit of the removal of a heating and cooling coil, to be described later, that is mounted within the tank.

The pro-cess of pasteurizing milk or other liquids is, broadly speaking, the application of .heat to t-he substance to be treated, to bring its temperature up to approximately 140O F. or 60o centigrade, the temperature varying with different liquids, said heating process acting to purify the liquid by destroying the fungia and their spores which otherwise would be productive of deteriorating changes and cause the liquid to spoil.

Vhile it has been found that the thorough heating of the liquid, as above described, will efectually destroy all deteriorating qualities in the liquid, it has also been found that the heating process liberates from the liquid some of its properties that should not be lost and in fact are essential to the liquid after pasteurization in the identical original quantity, and it is partly7 with the object` of causing the reabsorption of -these gases or other substances driven oft7 during the heating process that a cooling medium is applied to the liquid immediately after the heating and before said liquid is removed from the tank or receptacle in Which the heat was applied.

In an apparatus of large capacity wherein the process of raising and lowering the temperature is very rapidly performed, it is essential that the entire body of liquid have the desired degree of temperature, said temperature to be quickly attained, yet the source or means supplying` the heat cannot be of a temperature greatly in excess of the temperature to which the liquid is to be brought Without the tendency of burning the liquid and thereby render the same useless, it, of course, being understood in this connection that a uniform thorough heating of a given temperature is required and that any excess temperature applied, even if it did not burn the liquid, would in many cases produce an effect that was not desired. This is especially true in the treatment of milk. A

It has therefore been found that the application of the ordinary form of lire heat to the receptacle containing the liquid to be pasteurized is not a practical form of device, and to apply intense heat at any one place to a large volume of liquid to raise the temperature o f the entire volume quickly, usually burns the liquid, for the reason that the liquid immediately adjacent the heated surface becomes overheated.

This apparatus is so constructed that a heating and cooling medium is provided in which the temperature therein is in the irst place entirely under control and can be regulated to a fraction of a devree bot-h as regards the internal as Well as the external heating and cooling means, and also one in which a temperature only slightly in excess of that to whichV the liquid is to be brought will be necessary, yet the prompt changes of temperature will be brought about by applying heat throughout the entire outer surface of the tank, with the exception of the top thereof, and also throughout its entire 'internal area, and also providing means Whereby the liquid may be agitated to prevent excessive heating of any part of the substance treated.

To bring about the above results, a combined heating, cooling and agitating coil of pipe lil is provided for rotation within the tank 1, said coil terminating in central and axially extending portions 15-15 adapted to act as trunnions for the coil, extending through suitable packing` boxes 16 in the ends of the tank, and are in communication with a source of supply and discharge pipes suitably mounted on the outer ends of the tank.

In the construction, as shown in Fig. 1, it will be seen that the portions 15 of the coil above referred to, as forming both a bearing and an inlet and outlet at the ends of the tank, are connected through the axial center of the tank, said member if of tubular construction will be closed so that a liquid entering at one end of the coils Will be forced to traverse the coil and not pass directly through the tank by Way of the central bearing member.

The coil 14 is connected and sealed against leakage with an outlet nipple 17 (see Fig. 1) mounted on the outer face of the tank, said nipple being provided With a gasket 1S which is mounted rigidly on the outer face of the tank and is in communication with the revolving end of the bearing member 15 of the coil 14.

At the opposite end of the tank, the construction is somewhat similar to that above described, but in this end, the bearing member 15 extends entirely through thc stulling box and extends out a sufficient distance to have mounted thereon a Worm Wheel 19 having in engagement therewith a Worm 20 forming a part of the power mechanism to be later described. The last mentioned bearing member extends a short distance beyond the Worm Wheel 19 and enters a second stufl'ing box 21 in which said member 15, which is the inlet for the coil, terminates. A. stationary inlet supply pipe supports the stuiing box 21 and forms a continuation of said pipe 15. By this means, a movable inlet pipe is in sealed communication with a, stationary supply pipe, and at the other end vof the machine a movable outlet pipe is in sealed comn'iunication with a stationary ouilet pipe.

The supply pipe nipple 22 is provided with a T litting Q3 which is in communication With some preferred source of heating and cooling` means such as hot Water, steam or the like, and also With any one of a number of cooling mediums such as an expanding gas, iced n'ater, brine. chilled air or the like.

The capacity of this device may be varied by raising the temperature of the heating medium and also increasing the speed of rotation of the coil 14, the latter setting up vsutiicient agitation in the liquid to prevent the tank; l and may be in communication with the same source of heat that supplies the coil. The vheater 26 extends the full length of the tank and is of relatively large diameter and is mounted by straps 27 to the U-shaped cradle members 2.

rlhe size and location of the heater 26 is of importance, the heater of large capacity acting as a chamber through which a slowly moving heating means may be passedA thereby offering an opportunity for the greatest possible radiation and application of the heat to the point desired, the supply coming through a relatively small pipe at a relatively rapid rate with little opportunity for loss of heat in transit.

The location of the heater' 26 is of importance when considered with the formation of the tank l. ln this connection, it Will be seen that the tank is of U shape, and the heater is located directly beneath the center of the tank and in a position and is of construction to discharge a great volume of heat that Will entirely envelop the tank With the exception of considerably less than onefourth its outer surface area.

So that perfect uniformity of heat may be maintained throughout the entire apparatus, and also te aidin the rapid changes of temperature, an auxiliary heating and cooling means is shown in Fig. 1 at 28 and 29.

It will be understood. that pipes 28 and 29 are connected with the source of supply of both the heating and cooling mediums and operate to supply said mediums at this point simultaneously with their supply at the other inlets, said supply being at a point which would otherwise be that at which the initial supply was most nearly exhausted.

It will be noted by reference to Fig. 3 that the outlet froml the coil 14 and the exhaust or exit end of the heater 26 are in communication with a vertically arranged tubular member made up of an l. 3l and reducers 32, nipples 33, nipple 84 and T 35, the latter having mounted therein the auxiliary heating and cooling pipes 28 and 29. The nipple communicates with a "lm 36 in which are mounted the ends of inverted til-shaped cooling and heating medium outlets 37 and 38, respectively, each being provided with cut-oit valves 89 and 40.

This arrangement of the outlets referred to allows the return of the heating as well the cooling mediums to their respective sources independently of each other so that economy of operation is enhanced since the heating means if not entirely exhausted may be more quickly returned to a high or heating temperature if returned from the apparatus to the heater rather than to keep up the supply of heated Water or the like with freshly heated Water and throwing it away ai'ter it has passed once through the apparatus.

By referenceto Fig. 2, it will be seen that hot and cold supply pipes 41 and 42 are supplied with valves 43 and 44. rlhe hot and cold supply pipes are both in cornmunication with the 'l 23 and are also by way of a four way coupling 45 and through pipe 46, union 47, valve 48 and the necessary Ls and piping in open communicationuwith the large tube or heater 26.

ln this manner, a hot or cold medium may be admitted to the apparatus to produce the desired results and by the proper adjustment ot the valves, said hot and cold mediums Will be supplied throughout the entire system and then returned to the heating or retrigerating plant (not shown) with the greatest possible economy of time and e pense of operation.

An air cushion 49 may be arranged in the system of piping and is shown as projecting n s vertically from four-way coupling 45 and will act as an element of safety and also to relieve any jar incident to the use of a pump (not shown).

The internal heating', coolingI and agitating coil 14 is adapted to be revolved and will act approximately as well when rotated in one direction as in the other, since its operation as regards the contents of the tank is very similar to a screw conveyer wherein the contents of the tank are gently conveyed from one end of the tank to the other.

The operation ot the coil at two speeds is accomplished through the medium of the shaft 50 mounted in bearings 5l, said shaft carrying the belt pulley and the high speed power gear 58 and the low speed power gear 54. Said high and low speed gears and 54 are rigidly mounted on shaft 50 and are provided with flanges 55 and 56 on their outer edges. Between the i'ianges 55 and 5o and in mesh with the power gears 53 transmission gears 57 and 58 loosely mounted on shatt 59V which is mounted in the bearing 60, said gears 57 and 58 being held from and 54 are high and low transmit said high or low speed of revolution to the shaft 59, the worm 2O mounted thereon and the worm wheel meshing with said worm.

The clutch members 63 and G4 are provided with operating levers 65 and G6, and to prevent accident by the meshing of both clutches simultaneously, said levers are connected by link 67 to insure the meshing of' the members of only one clutch at a time.

After the pasteurization of the contents of the tank, same may be drawn off through outlet pipe 68 controlled by valve 69 and a new charge admitted through inlet 5.

T he operation is clearly apparent, in that a liquid requiring pasteurization is placed in the tank, the agitating means is set in motion through the train of gears, as above described, and then a heating means is turned into theapparatus through valve 43, which supplies said medium to the coil 14, the heater 26 and the auxiliary heater 28, and through these several sources of heating and the great number of points of contact therewith, the liquid to be treated is almost instantaneously brought to the desired temperature, and by `simply cutting off the supply of.heat and opening the cold supply pipe, the temperature of the contents of the tank is immediately reduced to normal or lower if desired.

It may be found expedient at times to delay the reversal of the hot and cold outlet valves 39 and 40 a suilicient length of time after the adjustment of the inlet valves 48 and 44 so that the temperature controlling contents may be entirely exhausted from the apparatus and returned to its initial -heating ory refrigerating receptacle before the outlet valves 39 and 40 are adjusted. In this way, the heating and cooling mediums will not be mixed any more than is necessary when said means is used repeatedly and is heated or cooled intermediate its passage through the pasteurizer.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim and wish to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A device of the class described, consisting of an elongated horizontally arranged receptacle, a rotary, tubular tenipering conductor having an inlet and an outlet for a tempering fluid, an external tubular tempering conductor arranged beneath the receptacle! having an inlet and an outlet, tubular connection between said inlets and said outlets, and means for supplying ten'ipering means to the connection between the inlets through one of a plurality of supply pipes, each being controlled by a valve, and means for exhausting the connection between said outlets through one of a plurality of pipes, each being controlled by a valve.

2. A device of the class describml` eonsisting of an elongated horizontally arranged receptacle, a horizontal rotatable. tubular fluid conductor having an inlet and an outlet arranged within the receptacle, an external tubular tluid conductor arranged beneath the receptacle having an inlet and an outlet, atubular connection between said inlets in connnunication with a plurality ot valve-controlled supply pipes. tubular cow nection between said outlets and a plurality of valve-controlled exhaust pipes therefrom.

3. A device of the class described. con sisting of an elongated horizontally arranged receptacle, a rotary tluid tempering conductor mounted within the receptacle. and provided with an inlet aud an outlet extending beyond the ends of the receptacle, a tubular fluid tempering conductor arranged beneath the receptacle having an inlet and an outlet, tubular connection between the inlets and tubular connection between the outlets, a plurality of tempering iiuid supply pipes at one end, a plurality of exhaust pipes in communication with the. connection between said outlets, and mains for rotating the internal tubular tempering conductor.

4. A device of the class described, consisting of an elongated horizontally arranged receptacle, a rotary tubular tempering coil mounted within the receptacle and adapted to be rotated at diiferentspeeds, a relatively large tubular tiuid ten'ipering conductor arranged beneath the receptacle, said internal and external tempering means being provided with inlets and outlets, tubular connections between thel inlets and tubular connections between the outlets, and a plurality of supply pipes and a plurality of exhaust pipes.

In testimony whereof I aliix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN GAPKO.

VVit-nesses BENJAMIN Pim-xenium, M. ROSENTHAL.

Copies of this patent may be obtainedicr ve cents eachyby addressing the Commissioner o! Patents. Washington, D. C.

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