US1268265A - Reciprocating motor. - Google Patents

Description

H. J. MURRAY. RECIPROCATING MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. Is. 1914.

Patented June 4, 1918.

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HOWARD J. IUBBAY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

BECIPBOCATING MOTOR.

Specification of Patent.

Patented June 4 1918.

Application filed September 15, 1914. Serial Io. 861,807.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Howann J. Moan! a citizen of the United States, and resident of the borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have mvented certain new and useful Improvements in Reciprocating Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an electromagnetic reciprocating motor in the form of a multiple armature magnet and while the invention is of general application, the embodiment thereof herein described is particularlydesigned for use, in connection with a gear shifting or similar mechanism of the type which depends for its operation upon the throw of controlling members.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a simple form of electrically energized motor designed to move a reciprocat ing member at will, in either ofits directions of movement with the least expenditure of energy and collateral to this is the providing of such a motor substantially free from mechanically actuated parts and the disadvantages incidental thereto.

In attaining this object, I utilize the principleunderlyin the neration of force in a freely movab e con uctor disposed in an electroma et-ic field of force and positioned transverse y of-the lines of force thereof when an electric current is passed through One means by which this force may be obtained is to arra a pair of magnets for creating two para elly disposed and spaced apart fields of magnetic force and by mounting, for reciprocal movement relative to said fields, a pair of uniplanarly wound armatures disposed between the poles of said magnets and to so arrange the windings that a'sing a current through either armature w cause the same to move in one of its reciprocatory directions of.

movement for a prescribed distance.

Among the other objects of the invention are to provide a. means for automatically breaking the circuit through any of the armatures when the same has moved into a preset position and to provide means for automatically locking the armature in its preset positlon.

An object incidental to the embodiment of the invention illustrated is to provide a safet control device for use with motor vehic e driving mechanisms which device is designed to return parts thereof to their normal inoperative osition in case of accident or the failure 0 the source of operative power and is particularly designed to prevent, any actuation of the gear shiftin mechanism while a controlling switch, suc as the clutch connecting the motive power with the driving mechanism, is in its operative position.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will be in part obvious from an inspection of the accompanying drawings and in part will be more fully set forth in the following particular description of one form of mechanism embodying my invention, and the invention also consists in certain new and novel features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of my invention with the casing cover removed and end parts broken away for convenience;

mechanism but it will be obvious bile the device may be mounted in any desix-able location on the vehicle and is inclosed within a suitable casing 1, preferably made'of aluminum and inclu able side cover 2 aflixed thereto, with devices of this character.

a removas 18 usual The smallest possible space as it is desirable to fill all open spaces therein with some form of insulating packing. I

The mechamsm for nerating a pair of parallel spaced apart fizlds ofv electromagnetic fields of force is positioned in the easing and preferably is formed of a pair of horse-shoe magnets 3 and 4 disposed edgewise on their sides and made up of laminated strips fastened together and fixed to the casin by bolts 5. The ma ets are energized t ough the medium 0 field windings 6 and 7 which are wound in opposite is designed to contain the mechanism in the block thereby to form, of

and

directions about their crotches and connected by a conductor 8 so that the adjacent ends of the magnets on one side of the armature, hereinafter described, have opposite polarity as indicated by the symbols S and N.

A pair of parallelly disposed armatures 9 and 10 are mounted for reciprocatory movement transversely of the fields of force and between the poles of the magnets. Each armature is formed of an open sided elongated box it preferably square in cross-section and having a magnetic insulating block 12 preferably made of aluminum or brass extending between and bracing the opposite longitudinal sides relative to each other at the center thereof. Gear shiftin rods l3 and it project from opposite en's of each box, and extend through bossed openings T5 in the ends of the casing to support and guide the armatures in their reciprocatory movements.

The armatures are maintained in their centrally disposed position by balanced springs 16 and 17 positioned on each of the rods 13 and it between the ends of the casing and each of the bones l1.

Each box preferably contains a core of laminated plates 18 which prevent the fiun in the armature from saturating any particular section thereof. Each core is provided with two parallel rows of perforations 19 extending therethrough in a direction transversely to the lines of force between the poles of the magnets. A conductor fornr ing an inductor 20 enters the armature 9 at one end of one of the rows, passes the centrally disposed spacing block 12 and is threaded through the first perforation therebeyond, is looped back upon itself .to the first perforation on the opposite side ofthe block and then back to the second aperture and is thus looped alternatively through the succeeding perforations outwardly of the each core, a uniplanarly Wound armature. The. conductor may then be brought back to the beginning of the next row of perforations and this second row; wound as the previously described row, thus forming two-planes of windings but it is obvious that any number. of these planes of windings may be formed in each armature. A conductor 21 is similarly wound through the other armature 10 in the same manner. Tn case only one field is used the armature is preferably wound in a manner such as hasibeen do scribed first abouta center adjacent one end of the armature and then wound in a reverse direction aboutacenter adjacent the other end so that the currents flowing in the windings will always be in the same direction 'within the outlinesof the armature whereby the hold will act onthe armature for-the length of the same. g v a, The ads 13 and it maybe so arrangedifrom movement under tension v mechanism such as "through one :of the neonate and connected to the conventional transmission box, (not shown, but commonly found on automobiles) that the movement of each rod in either direction longitudinally will connect a set of gears so that the two rods in the device illustrated may control four speeds, such as three speeds forward, and one reverse. Each armature is locked in its shifted position in either direction by'a suitable clutch and forthis purpose a locking plate 22 having a centrally disposed transverse slot 22' is fixed to the underside of eac armature and the slot of one or the other plates is engaged by the plunger armature 23 of a locking electromagnet 24 which is contained in a shell 25 forming part of the casing and positioned centrally eside the armatures between the magnets.

The armature of the magnet 24 is normally held in retracted position out of engagement with the plate by means of a coiled spring 26 hearing on the locking magnet and a head 27 on the plunger armature. The locking magnet is so wound that energizing the same will cause the armature thereof to move into engagement with the plate and to hold the armature in shifted position by engaging the end of the plate of the springs 16 and 17. On moving into its locking position the armature 23vis caused to break the circuit through the field magnets and their armatures and for this purpose a two point circuit breaker 28 of any suitable form is mounted in the shell 28 in position to be actuated by the movement of the head 27.

The supply of current to the field coils of the magnet, to the armatures and to the locking electromagnet is controlled by a switch 29 which may be mounted on top of the steering wheel of the vehicle or in any other convenient position.

I A suitable source of electric power 30 is connected through aswitch 31 to a two blade lever 32 constituting the hand con trol of the switch 29, which lever is pivoted at one end '33 for universal movement. A pair of parallel segmental contact plates 34 and 35 are disposed concentrically of the pivoted end of the lever and constitutes a continuation respectively of the. conductors 36 and 37 leading from, the source 30. An arcuate line'of contacts, in the diagrammatic view shown to be twelve in number, ar-

and lettered progressively ranged in pairs, from a to Z, is disposed to the outside of the plates 34 and 35.

One set of contacts is and 1 may be con nected toan electric starter and another set g and klllfly be connected to some other an electrically energized braking device.

A field circuit is provided, which includes conductor 38' leading from the plate 35 points of. the circuit clutch on automobile driving mechanism' and so arranged that the circuit is broken when the clutch is in. The conductor 42 contains the other pointof the circuit breaker 28 and leads to a shunt 42 from which the current passes through the armatures 9 and 10 from oneof which armatures (as 9) the conductor 20 leads back to the switch and is connected to the contacts 6 and 0 thereof. The conductor 21 leads from the other armature 10 back to the switch and is connected to the contacts e and j.

The lever 32 has a pair of spring contacts 44 and 45 insulated from each other and adapted to bear on the plates 34 and 35 respectively when the lever is held between any pair of the lettered contacts.

These conductors are preferably contained in a cable 46 leading from the switch '29 to.

In this case the current from the source 30- will pass through the lever 32 to the contacts k and l and directlv to the starter. The lever would then be lifted into a raised position to clear the line of contacts and rotated to engage one of the sets of speed controlling contacts. For instance, should it be desired to run on first speed therlever could be moved into 'tion to engage and be held by the resilient contacts 0 and f. This positioning of the lever would connect the plates 34 and 35 with the source .of energy and a field circuit would be completed from plate 34 through conductor 39, the field windings of each of the -magnets, through one of the points of the circuit breaker 28, through conductor 38, lever 32 to plate 35 and the source of energy. At the same time an armature circuit is shunted from contact 0 through the conductor 21, armature 10, the other point of the circuit breaker 28, the clutch controlled member 43 and conductor 42 to contact This connection will cause each of the magnets to form a field of force and the windings are'arranged so that the lines of force therein will be opposite in direction. The windings in the armature are so arranged that there will be a reaction between one end of the armature and the adjacent field and a reaction between the other end of the armature and its adjacent field, both forces coacting to move the armature in one direction and thus advance one of the rods 13 or 14 into position to move the gears into mesh on the first The shunted circuit through the locking magnet 24 will cause the plunger armature 23 to move into engagement with the locking plate 22 and to project farther against the tension of the spring 26 as the plate passes the armature. This further movementof the locking armature adjacent the end of the travel of the armature 10 will cause the circuit to be broken through the armature and through the magnets but the circuit will be maintained through the locking magnet as long as the lever is in engagement with a pair of contacts. Deenergizing the fields and armature 10 will bring the armature to a stop in its shifted position and the armature will be locked in this position as long as current is flowing through the magnet Liftin the switch lever out of engagement Wlfil the contacts 0 and f denergizes the locking magnet permitting the spring 26 to withdraw the armature from its locking position and permitting one of the springs 16 or 17 to return the armature 10 to its centered neutral position. It will be noted that this occurs whenever the switch lever is raised from any one of its positions so that when passing from one speed to another all parts of the gear shifting mechanism are in their normal inoperative posi tions. 7

From this specific tracing of one of the sets of circuits. it will be obvious from following the diagram of Fig. 4 that each .of the rods may be shifted longitudinally in either direction by making the proper contact with the switch lever. It will be noted for instance that bringing the lever into engagement with the contacts 1' and j will cause the current to be reversed through the armature 10 to draw this armature in a reverse direction to obtain for instance a reverse speed.

By means of a device of this character, I am enabled to provide asim la and compact mechanism for controlling t e different operating parts of machines to which a device of this character is applicable and to provide an arrangement whereby relatively smallmagnets may be used to shift machine parts of relatively large/mass. The device may be economically 0 rated for the current is shut of from the eld magnet and armature automatically as soon as the armature has completed its worlr, audit is obvious that the looming magnet may he so wound as to require hut little current to maintain the magnetic clutch in its operatively circuit hrealring and loclred position.

The mechanism descrihed is intended generally for use as a safety device on self propelled vehicles and with this ohject primarily in view the parts are so arra ed that in case of any accident to the men anism the diderent parts are automatically and promptly returned to their initial inoperative position and in this way the possibility of running the machine without ahsolute control is eliminated. hhould anything go wrong the vehicle would merely stop.

As the control switch lever can he in hut one position at a time, it will he seen that it is impossihle to make improper connections, For instance, when the circuit is completed through the self starter, the gears are in their normal inoperative position and the transmission will he inoperative until the lever is moved into a position to positively bring the gears of the transmission into mesh. Also the gears are unmeshed whenever the lever is being moved from the con tacts controlling one speed to the contacts controlling another oi" the speeds, so that irrespective as to the numher of shift rods employed, hut one part can he in connecting position at a time.

it is obvious that a preselected arrangement of the gears or other mechanism actuated by this device may he attained while the device is inactive hy shifting the lever 32 into engagement with the desired pair of lettered contacts while the clutch controlling the switch 43 is out, Completing the circuit through the several parts hy throwing in the clutch, will cause the device to actuate under the pro-selected condition of the several parts.

While I have shown and descrihed and have pointed out in the amened claims certain novel features of my invention it will he understood various changes in the form and details of the device ildustrated, such as providing separate looting means either electrical or mechanical for each mature, multiplying the numher or armatures and their actuated mechanism or providing a series arrangement of shunt arrangement may he made. is also ohvious that various other changes, omissions and suhstitutions in the particular form of the invention illustrated and in its operation may he made by those slnilled in the art without departing from the spirit of theinvention,

Having my inventiom l A gear shifting device comprising a casing, a pair of parallelly disposed horseinoa aaa shoe magnets mounted in said casing, wind- 7 mgs on said magnets arranged to to electromagnetic fields of force with oppositely disposed polarity, a pair or aatures extending hetvveen the poles of said magnets, rods extending from said armatures through said casing, mounting the armatures for reciprocatory movement relative to the fields of force, each armature having a uniplanar winding extendi transversely of the lines in the electromagnetic fields of force, an electrically actuated locking mechanism for holding either armature at the limit of its movement in either reciprocatory direction and selective means for completing a circuit through said locking mechanism, through said magnet windings and thnough the windings of either or said armatures.

2. ,A gear shifting device comprising a casing, a pair of parallelly disposed horseshoe magnets mounted in said casing, Windings on said magnets arranged to form electromagnetic fields of force with oppositely disposed polarity, a pair of armatures extending between the poles or said magnets, rods extending from said armatures through said casing mounting the armatures for reciprocatory movement relative to the fields force, an electrically actuated loclring mechanism for holding either armature at the limit or its movement in either reciprocatory direction, selective means for completing a circuit through said locking mechanism through said magnet windings and through thewindings of either of said armatures and a circuit hrealrer coacting with said locking mechanism for interrupting the circuit through said windings.

3. A gear shitting device comprising a casing, a pair of parallelly disposed horseshoe magnets mounted in said casing, windings on said magnets arranged to form electromagnetic fields or force with oppositely disposed polarity, a pair of armatures extending hetween the poles of said magnets, rods extending from said armatures through said casing mounting the armatures for reciprocatory movement relative to the fields or force, an electrically actuated locking mmhanism for holding either the limit or its movement in reciprocatory direction, selective for completing a circuit through said locldng mechanism, through said magnet wind ngs and through the windings of either of said amoatures, circuit hrealrer coacting with said locking mechanism for interrupting the circuit through said windand manually actuated means for interrupting the circuit through said loclring a device or the class descrihed, the comhination with a of spaced apart mechanisms each capahle of generating an electromagnetic held or force parallel to Mill llll

each other, a pair of armatures disposed in parallelism and each forming part of an electric circuit and mounted or reciprocatory movement between and into said fields transversely of their lines of force and selective means for closing either circuit to cause at will a movement of either armature.

5. In a device of the class described, the combination with an electrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relatively stationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted for reciprocatory movement centrally across said field, said armature being wound with certain of its coils disposed in a plane parallel to the line of movement of the armature and disposed to cross the lines of force and cooperatively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature will be moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrou h, and a source of electric energy connec directlywith said armature.

' 5. In a device of the class described, the combination with an electrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relatively stationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted for reciprocatory movement in said field, said armature being wound with certain of its coils disposed to cross the lines of force and cooperatively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature will be moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrough, a circuit breaker, and an electromagnet oper-.

. atively connected'to the circuit breaker for automatically intercepting the current therethrou h and through-the mechanism.

7. 51 a device of the class described, the combination with an electrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relatively stationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted for reciprocatory movement in said field, said armature being wound with certain of its coils disposed to cross the lines of force and cooperatively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature will be moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrough, a circuit breaker actuated by the movement of said armature into a preset position for automatically intercepting the'current there-' the mechanism, and a through and through -locking means for 01 said armature in under the influence of. the m place after it has mov a preset distance etic field and the lines of force'generated y the current V throu hsaid armature.

8. n a device of the class described, the combination with a pair of mechanisms, each capable of generating'a' field of force, the

with an'electric conductor disposed in planes.

perpendicular to the fields and means for passing a current through said conductor.

9. In a device of the class described, the combination with a horse-shoe magnet, of a pair of armatures disposed between the poles of the magnet and movable longitudinally across the lines of force thereof, each of said armatures including an electric conductor disposed in parallel planes, means for directing the current through one of the conductors in one direction and through the other conductor in the opposite direction and means for controlling said currents.

10. In a device of the class described, the combination with a horse-shoe magnet, of an armature disposed between the poles of the magnet and movable longitudinally across the field of force thereof, said armature including an electric conductor arranged in a coil which is disposed in a plane longitudinally of the armature and perpendicular to the field of force.

11. In a' device of the class described, the combination of a pair of spaced apart horseshoe magnets arranged with their fields of force parallel to each other, an armature disposed between the oles of the magnets and movable transverse y of the fields, the magnets having opposite polarity on each side of the armature and said armature having windings extending from one field to the other when the armature is in normal position.

12. In a device of the clas described, the combination of a field magnet, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatory movement and operatively placed relative to said field magnet whereby passing an electric'current through said magnet 'and armature will cause the armature to move relative to "the magnet in one of its longitudinal directions and a manually actuated selective switch designed to be moved at will from an inoperative position into an actively disposed position 'for regulating the current through sald magnet and armature 'to control the direction of movement of the armature.

13. In a device of the class described, the combination of a fieldv magnet, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatory movement and operatively placed relative to said field magnet whereby pass' an electric current through said magnet an armature will cause the armature to move relative to the magnet in one of its longitudinal directions, a man- 14. In a device of the class described, the

combination of a pair of puallelly disposed electro-magnets with their poles oppositely disposed, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatory movement and operatively placed relative to said magnets so that passing an electric current through the magnets and armature will cause the magnets to react on opposite ends of the armature thereby to move said armature in one of its reciprocatory directions, and means for locking said iltl armature in shifted position.

15. In a device of the class described, the combination of a pair of parallelly disposed electro-magnets with their poles oppositely disposed, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatory movement and operatively placed relative to said magnets that passing an electric current through the magnets and armature will cause one magnet to attract and the other to repel the armature in one of its reciprocatory directions and means operatively controlled by said armature at the limit of its movement to cause said armature to stop its movement.

16. In a device of the class described the combination with an electroma netic field of force, an armature operative y mounted for reciprooatorymovement in said field a loc member carried by said armature an electrically actuated clutch member for engaging said member at the limit of travel of the armature in one direction to lock the same in position and means acting on said clutch to' move the same into inoperative position when said clutch member. is deener- 17. A gearshifting device comprising a casing, a pair of parallelly disposed horseshoe magnets mounted in said casing, windings on said magnets arranged to form electromagnetic fields of force with oppositely disposed polarity, a pair of armatures extending between the poles of said magnets,

rods exten from said armatures through said cas g mounting the armatures for reciprocatory movement relative to the fields 4 anism, a locking weapon of force, each armature having a uniplanar winding extending transversely of the lines in the electromagnetic fields of force, an electrically actuated locking mechanism for holding either armature at the limit of its movement in either reciprocatory direction, selective means for completing a circuit through said locking mechanism, through said magnet windings and through the windings of either of said armatures and resilient means acting on said armatures tending to return the same to their normal position when disengaged from the locking mechanism.

18. In a device of the class described, the combination with an electrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relatively stationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted for reciprocatory movement in said field, said armature being wound with certain of its coils disposed to cross the lines of force and 006peratively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature will be moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrough, a circuit breaker actuated by the movement of said armature into a preset position for automatically intercepting the current therethrough and through the mechmeans for holdin said armature in place after it has move a preset distance under the influence of the magnetic held and the lines of force generated by the current through said armature and resilient means acting on said armature tending to return the same to its initial position when disengaged from the locking means.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York this twelve day of September A. D. 1914;.

HOWARD J. MURRAY.

M. E. MEBSHON, S. A. THORNTON.

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